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Viruses
Viruses

... nasal secretions, and feces.  Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with contaminated secretions or excretions or with surfaces that are contaminated with secretions or excretions from infected birds.  Domesticated birds may become infected with avian influenza virus through dir ...
Myths and Barriers - Jacobi Medical Center
Myths and Barriers - Jacobi Medical Center

... *vaccines approved for children younger than 4 years † two doses administered at least one month apart for children 6 months <9 yrs who are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time; children <9 years who received only one dose in their first season of vaccination should receive 2 doses in the ...
West Nile Virus - Austin Community College
West Nile Virus - Austin Community College

... the extreme climate areas which are indicated by the dashed lines. Number indicate other lineages that are present in those areas other than lineage #1. [1] The largest outbreaks have occurred in countries such as “Greece, Israel, Romania, Russia, and USA.” Because birds are the primary reservoirs, ...
Emerging Infections: A Tribute to the One Medicine, One Health
Emerging Infections: A Tribute to the One Medicine, One Health

... considered to have the highest capacity to cause pandemic influenza. The currently circulating highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 virus emerged in Southern China in 1996 and was first detected on a goose farm in Guangzhou Province. In May 1997, the H5N1 virus killed six people in Hong Kong and was detected ...
Amplified visual immunosensor integrated with nanozyme
Amplified visual immunosensor integrated with nanozyme

... method. Different virus titers were prepared using sample diluent provided in the ELISA kit ...
continuing education for pharmacists Common Cold, Sinusitis, Influenza: The Diseases, Prevention, Treatment
continuing education for pharmacists Common Cold, Sinusitis, Influenza: The Diseases, Prevention, Treatment

... are highest between December and April. Common cold symptoms are associated with each of these outbreaks. An effective vaccine for the common cold is unlikely for two reasons. First, some of these viruses do not cause lasting immunity such as RSV, parainfluenza viruses, and coronavirus which can res ...
Viruses - Ms. Racette`s Wiki
Viruses - Ms. Racette`s Wiki

... Hepatitis Chicken pox Small pox Influenza ...
Viral Vectors
Viral Vectors

... • Also human alphavirus epidemics occur very in frequently • However there is evidence that pre existing antibodies in horses against one alphavirus strain can interfere with infection of another strain ...
Human Herpes Viruses
Human Herpes Viruses

... Herpes Simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Herpes Simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Epstein Barr virus (EBV) ...
Replication of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in African Green
Replication of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in African Green

... adaptation to, chicken embryos (CE) before transfer to primary avian cell and chicken tracheal organ cultures. These are the only presently known cell cultures in which IBV replicates and produces cytopathic effects (c.p.e.) in serial passage (Estola, 1966; Cunningham, 197o). Monkey kidney cells hav ...
Managing infected employees
Managing infected employees

... This section focuses on the management of patients / employees affected by a SEVERE prepandemic or pandemic virus – for example, if H5N1 develops the ability to spread easily from human to human and continues to be a severe infection. As of July 2009, the H1N1 pandemic virus is classified by the WHO ...
blank slide with blue background and CDC logo
blank slide with blue background and CDC logo

... Those who participate in the COCA Conference Calls and who wish to receive continuing education and will complete the online evaluation by August 14, 2009 will use the course code EC1265. Those who wish to receive continuing education and will complete the online evaluation between August 15, 2009 a ...
View/Open
View/Open

... antibiotics can encourage the growth of drugresistant pathogens. In agriculture, increased resistance to animal antibiotics can lead to more severe outbreaks of livestock disease. Resistant bacteria may cause disease directly, or they may pass genetic material associated with resistance on to other ...
AOHP Flu Vaccination Position Statement Final_2011
AOHP Flu Vaccination Position Statement Final_2011

... preventing transmission of influenza and is important to patient safety and quality of care. The risk of a HCW transmitting influenza to a patient during the course of their duties is of significant concern. Vaccinating healthcare workers will also help reduce transmission of influenza to the patien ...
Guidance for Practitioners on the Use of Antiviral Drugs to Control
Guidance for Practitioners on the Use of Antiviral Drugs to Control

... sufficient to determine the cause of the outbreak. However, oropharyngeal secretions obtained with a throat swab are suboptimal for influenza diagnosis. The preferred testing methods are, in order of declining preference: RT-PCR, rapid influenza diagnostic tests, and viral culture. For surveillance ...
Influenza Immunisation - Priory Avenue Surgery
Influenza Immunisation - Priory Avenue Surgery

... If you are healthy and aged under 65 and you do not fall into any of the above categories, then you do not need immunisation against seasonal flu. This is because you are unlikely to develop complications from flu. ...
Start On p
Start On p

... 6. What is a parasite & how do viruses differ from parasites? 7. What shape are viruses? 8. What is the structure of a virus? It has 2 parts. 9. What allows viruses to attach to host cells? 10. How does this affect the location of viruses in cells in the body? 11. How do viruses multiply/reproduce? ...
Herpesviruses
Herpesviruses

... Pathogenesis. Cytomegalovirus can cause persistent infection in various tissues, including those of the salivary glands, breasts, kidneys, endocervix, seminal vesicles and peripheral blood leukocytes. This persistent infection leads to chronic viral excretion by the involved organ. Transmission of ...
Infectious Disease Transmission: The “Epi-Triangle”
Infectious Disease Transmission: The “Epi-Triangle”

... • Japanese encephalitis virus • West Nile virus (Variant: Kunjin) • St. Louis encephalitis virus • Murray Valley encephalitis virus (Variant: Alfuy) • Rocio virus • Ilheus virus • Bussuquara virus (?) Viruses that do not cause human encephalitis but may cause animal infections/illnesses ...
January 2017 Monitoring International Trends
January 2017 Monitoring International Trends

... CSL and Momenta Pharmaceuticals have signed a research collaboration and global licensing deal to develop and commercialize Fc multimer proteins. (Section 3) RaNA Therapeutics acquired an mRNA therapy platform from Shire. (Section 3) The Medibank Better Health Index has suggested that in the nine ye ...
Peter D. Kirkland, BVSc, PhD, FASM, PSM
Peter D. Kirkland, BVSc, PhD, FASM, PSM

... radiating pattern of spread would, in the early stages, be potentially consistent with the introduction of a contagious agent into a fully susceptible population. It was soon recognised that SBV had emerged in a region close to where BTV serotype had emerged in Europe. This provided some indication ...
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1

... Usually occurs in early childhood Rare after the age 30 Transmitted through many types of contact A kiss n Sharing eating utensils n Linens and towels n ...
PDF
PDF

... Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important zoonotic pathogens that cause epidemic outbreaks in poultry, wild birds, swine, and other mammals. In humans, IAVs cause severe respiratory illness, and zoonotic transmission of IAVs from avian reservoirs poses a constant threat to the public health, as exemp ...
CFR Global Health Report (Jan09)
CFR Global Health Report (Jan09)

... catastrophic event planning. It is not clear at this writing whether or not Daschle will place an expert on preparedness, bioterrorism, and emerging diseases in a deputy or undersecretary slot inside HHS, as was the case for both the Bush and Clinton administrations. Three key appointments that Dasc ...
Table 1. Cuyahoga County Influenza Data Dashboard
Table 1. Cuyahoga County Influenza Data Dashboard

... November 29 - December 5, 2015 (MMWR Week 48) Flu Summary This report is intended to provide an overview of influenza related activity occurring in Cuyahoga County while providing some information on state activity that is one week behind the current week. It will be published on a weekly basis and ...
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Avian influenza

Avian influenza — known informally as avian flu or bird flu — refers to ""influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds."" The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).""Bird flu"" is a phrase similar to ""swine flu,"" ""dog flu,"" ""horse flu,"" or ""human flu"" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the influenza A virus. (Note, however, that the ""A"" does not stand for ""avian"").Adaptation is not exclusive. Being adapted toward a particular species does not preclude adaptations, or partial adaptations, toward infecting different species. In this way, strains of influenza viruses are adapted to multiple species, though may be preferential toward a particular host. For example, viruses responsible for influenza pandemics are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish flu virus shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans, with more of its genes from birds than less deadly later pandemic strains.While its most highly pathogenic strain (H5N1) had been spreading throughout Asia since 2003, avian influenza reached Europe in 2005, and the Middle East, as well as Africa, the following year. On January 22, 2012, China reported its second human death due to bird flu in a month following other fatalities in Vietnam and Cambodia. Companion birds in captivity and parrots are highly unlikely to contract the virus, and there has been no report of a companion bird with avian influenza since 2003. Pigeons do not contract or spread the virus. 84% of affected bird populations are composed of chicken and farm birds, while the 15% is made up of wild birds according to capture-and-release operations in the 2000s, during the SARs pandemic. The first deadly Canadian case was confirmed on January 3, 2014. On December 2, 2014, two turkey farms in British Columbia, Canada, had been placed under quarantine after the Canadian Food Inspection Agency confirmed an avian flu outbreak.
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