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3/15/2017 1 Respiratory Viral Infections: Focus on Influenza
3/15/2017 1 Respiratory Viral Infections: Focus on Influenza

... 2009: novel influenza A strain pandemic ...
OIE Terrestrial Manual
OIE Terrestrial Manual

... (indirect) or species-independent (competitive) test formats. Haemagglutination inhibition tests have also been employed in routine diagnostic serology, but it is possible that this technique may miss some particular infections because the haemagglutinin is subtype specific. Requirements for vaccine ...
Faster Flu Vaccine
Faster Flu Vaccine

... no time to waste. Sooner or later the avian flu virus will be in North America. It's not if, it's when." "The recent highly virulent avian flu cases in Asia and fears about a pandemic have highlighted the problems with traditional influenza vaccine production methods, particularly the length of time ...
W15-Banquet-Kramer-DINLecture - Texas Department of State
W15-Banquet-Kramer-DINLecture - Texas Department of State

... national system for detecting outbreaks of infectious disease. Outbreaks of any disease that is not on CDC's current list of notifiable illnesses may go undetected or may be detected only after an outbreak is well under way.” ...
Cold and Flu Prevention Advice
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... Studies have been conducted which support the idea that consuming lozenges, syrup or tablets containing zinc may reduce how long a cold lasts. A review of studies in 2011 into whether zinc was effective against the cold virus found that taking zinc supplements within a day of the symptoms starting s ...
West Nile virus vaccines and immunotherapy
West Nile virus vaccines and immunotherapy

... helped researchers to know the outbreak had accessible by international transportation or trade. Since 1999, the people who were infected and died by this virus increased dramatically each year in united state and this is model below shows the cases of condition and deaths between 1999 to 2006. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Introduction to viruses
PowerPoint Presentation - Introduction to viruses

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Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
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... vigorous virus “Attenuate" refers to procedures that weaken an agent of disease (heating) A vaccine against a viral disease can be made from an attenuated, less virulent strain of the virus Attenuated virus is capable of stimulating an immune response and creating immunity, but not causing illness ...
Deserves a Shot at Fighting Flu Immunization Programs
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Monkey B Virus - University of Virginia
Monkey B Virus - University of Virginia

... who work with monkeys should receive training on safe practices. These include: 1. Exercise caution at all times, remembering these are wild animals. They can and will bite and scratch, and are capable of transmitting several diseases to humans, such as Shigella and Salmonella, as well as Monkey B V ...
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis

... status is increased by the irregular or emergency-only vaccination for ILT in some countries. Furthermore, all currently available ILT vaccines are manufactured with modified live strains, which can also establish latent infections and cause disease when allowed to spread from bird to bird. Hence, c ...
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Influenza Vaccination

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... A flu vaccine is needed every year because flu viruses are constantly changing and it is not unusual for new flu viruses to appear each year. The flu vaccine is formulated each year to keep up with the flu viruses as they change. Also, studies have shown that the body’s immunity to influenza viruses ...
8.L: Microbiology Unit Open Ended Questions 8.L.1.1: Viruses
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... American Indians & Africans did not have immunity to Small Pox and it killed thousands who came in contact. Also physically scarred those who survived. 10) Infectious disease – Disease that can be passed from one organism to another. 11) Epidemic – Outbreak of a disease that affects large # of peopl ...
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FACT SHEET – Pandemic Flu - Lake Cumberland District Health
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... – Antiviral medicines may be given to those in close contact with influenza patients. – Close contacts could include family members and health care workers. – Antiviral medicines may be given to those who have traveled, or who have worked or lived with an infected person. ...
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CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES

... Type of host/host structures the virus infected - Bacteriophages: infect bacterial cells - Plant viruses infect plant cells - Animal viruses are subgrouped by the tissues they ...
Identification and characterization of influenza virus isolated from
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... recognition, by the HI test. Therefore, these snake isolates were identified as an influenza virus (tables 1 and 2). The PCR product cDNA obtained from the snake “b” isolates by RT-PCR techniques, using primer (flu) that amplified 189 bp fragments of NS1 gene of the influenza virus, showed an electr ...
Influenza A (H1N1) - AIDS Education and Training Centers
Influenza A (H1N1) - AIDS Education and Training Centers

... Treatment for Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Antiviral treatment should be considered for confirmed, probable or suspected cases of influenza A(H1N1) flu. Hospitalized patients and those at higher risk for influenza complications should be prioritized. Antiviral treatment should be initiated within 48 ho ...
• - Dhmh
• - Dhmh

... cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry). In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu to others. For example, an outbreak of apparent swine flu infection in pigs in Wisconsin in 1988 r ...
INfeCTIoUS DISeASe STeerING CoMMITTee
INfeCTIoUS DISeASe STeerING CoMMITTee

... from CSTE members and staff as well as public health partners such as APHL and CDC. CSTE currently funds 4 sites for the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Project and 12 sites for the Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project; this funding enables states to detect and control public health threa ...
here
here

... Enhances the harmful consequences of the agent or toxin; Disrupts immunity or the effectiveness of an immunization against the agent or toxin without clinical and/or agricultural justification; Confers to the agent or toxin resistance to clinically and/or agriculturally useful prophylactic or therap ...
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Avian influenza

Avian influenza — known informally as avian flu or bird flu — refers to ""influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds."" The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).""Bird flu"" is a phrase similar to ""swine flu,"" ""dog flu,"" ""horse flu,"" or ""human flu"" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the influenza A virus. (Note, however, that the ""A"" does not stand for ""avian"").Adaptation is not exclusive. Being adapted toward a particular species does not preclude adaptations, or partial adaptations, toward infecting different species. In this way, strains of influenza viruses are adapted to multiple species, though may be preferential toward a particular host. For example, viruses responsible for influenza pandemics are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish flu virus shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans, with more of its genes from birds than less deadly later pandemic strains.While its most highly pathogenic strain (H5N1) had been spreading throughout Asia since 2003, avian influenza reached Europe in 2005, and the Middle East, as well as Africa, the following year. On January 22, 2012, China reported its second human death due to bird flu in a month following other fatalities in Vietnam and Cambodia. Companion birds in captivity and parrots are highly unlikely to contract the virus, and there has been no report of a companion bird with avian influenza since 2003. Pigeons do not contract or spread the virus. 84% of affected bird populations are composed of chicken and farm birds, while the 15% is made up of wild birds according to capture-and-release operations in the 2000s, during the SARs pandemic. The first deadly Canadian case was confirmed on January 3, 2014. On December 2, 2014, two turkey farms in British Columbia, Canada, had been placed under quarantine after the Canadian Food Inspection Agency confirmed an avian flu outbreak.
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