1 2 Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array 3
... temperature and salinity gradients at the sea surface, the surface waters at any latitude are subducted below those ...
... temperature and salinity gradients at the sea surface, the surface waters at any latitude are subducted below those ...
Microplastics in the ocean
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
Marine Protected Area Network Planning in the Scotian Shelf
... and oceans management and planning has been recognized since the late 1990s. Since this time, several efforts have been made to classify the ecosystems or habitats of the bioregion (e.g., Day and Roff 2000); including a multi-phased DFO Science RAP (DFO 2002). Phase 1 of that prior advisory process ...
... and oceans management and planning has been recognized since the late 1990s. Since this time, several efforts have been made to classify the ecosystems or habitats of the bioregion (e.g., Day and Roff 2000); including a multi-phased DFO Science RAP (DFO 2002). Phase 1 of that prior advisory process ...
The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer To Boldly Go…
... CIRCULATIONv 4(# WHICH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN transporting heat, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Dense water sinking in the North Atlantic Ocean is one of the principal forces that drives the circulation of the THC, and there are growing concerns about how these forces may be affected by cha ...
... CIRCULATIONv 4(# WHICH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN transporting heat, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Dense water sinking in the North Atlantic Ocean is one of the principal forces that drives the circulation of the THC, and there are growing concerns about how these forces may be affected by cha ...
Going against the flow: Retention, range limits and invasions in
... ABSTRACT: Increasing globalization has spread invasive marine organisms, but it is not well understood why some species invade more readily than others. It is also poorly understood how species’ range limits are set generally, let alone how anthropogenic climate change may disrupt existing species b ...
... ABSTRACT: Increasing globalization has spread invasive marine organisms, but it is not well understood why some species invade more readily than others. It is also poorly understood how species’ range limits are set generally, let alone how anthropogenic climate change may disrupt existing species b ...
Marine Algal Toxins: Origins, Health Effects, and
... Marine algal toxins are responsible for an array of human illnesses associated with consumption of seafood and, in some cases, respiratory exposure to aerosolized toxins. Approximately 20% of all foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States result from the consumption of seafoods, with half of t ...
... Marine algal toxins are responsible for an array of human illnesses associated with consumption of seafood and, in some cases, respiratory exposure to aerosolized toxins. Approximately 20% of all foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States result from the consumption of seafoods, with half of t ...
Organic-rich Facies and Hydrocarbon Source Rocks
... oxygen minimum is rarely sufficiently intense to give anoxic conditions and enhance organic matter preservation. Oxygen contents rise below the oxigen minimum zone because deep ocean water today is supplied by cold, oxygen-rich polar waters. The oxygen content of ocean bottom-water therefore decreas ...
... oxygen minimum is rarely sufficiently intense to give anoxic conditions and enhance organic matter preservation. Oxygen contents rise below the oxigen minimum zone because deep ocean water today is supplied by cold, oxygen-rich polar waters. The oxygen content of ocean bottom-water therefore decreas ...
Salinity Patterns in the Ocean
... Salinity is a seawater property related to the amount of matter, mainly consisting of salts, dissolved in the water (see Salinity, Volume 1). The original definition of salinity was in terms of grams of dissolved salts per kilogram of seawater. Salinity is now defined in terms of seawater conductivi ...
... Salinity is a seawater property related to the amount of matter, mainly consisting of salts, dissolved in the water (see Salinity, Volume 1). The original definition of salinity was in terms of grams of dissolved salts per kilogram of seawater. Salinity is now defined in terms of seawater conductivi ...
Global patterns of bioturbation intensity and mixed depth of marine
... bioturbation. Whilst several approaches can be used for estimating the rate and extent of bioturbation, most often it is characterized by calculating an intensity coefficient (D b) and/or a mixed layer depth (L). Using measures of D b (n = 447) and L (n = 784) collated largely from peer-reviewed lit ...
... bioturbation. Whilst several approaches can be used for estimating the rate and extent of bioturbation, most often it is characterized by calculating an intensity coefficient (D b) and/or a mixed layer depth (L). Using measures of D b (n = 447) and L (n = 784) collated largely from peer-reviewed lit ...
Changes in Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblag
... dramatic coastal development because of increasing human populations and industrial usage. This development has adversely affected the marine environment and its biota through nutrient enrichment, thermal and chemical pollution, sedimentation, etc. (UNEP 1989). This problem has awoken global interes ...
... dramatic coastal development because of increasing human populations and industrial usage. This development has adversely affected the marine environment and its biota through nutrient enrichment, thermal and chemical pollution, sedimentation, etc. (UNEP 1989). This problem has awoken global interes ...
BASIN PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OUTLINE
... Movement of species into previously unoccupied regions depends on the physical suitability of the habitat for invasion, and is modulated by the presence of predators and prey as well as the level of ecological stress experienced by the existing key species. Thus, the observed shifts in species’ biog ...
... Movement of species into previously unoccupied regions depends on the physical suitability of the habitat for invasion, and is modulated by the presence of predators and prey as well as the level of ecological stress experienced by the existing key species. Thus, the observed shifts in species’ biog ...
Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries
... most of the oceanic epipelagic zone, and its food energy may pass through several trophic levels as it sinks, with a rapid decline in biomass before reaching the benthos. This varies, however, with season and region, and recent work is increasing our understanding of flux of production from the surfa ...
... most of the oceanic epipelagic zone, and its food energy may pass through several trophic levels as it sinks, with a rapid decline in biomass before reaching the benthos. This varies, however, with season and region, and recent work is increasing our understanding of flux of production from the surfa ...
Greenpeace `Red-Grade` Criteria for Unsustainable Fisheries This
... The deep oceans – the areas beyond and below the edge of continental shelves – are one of the last great wilderness areas. They typically support marine life that is particularly sensitive to disturbance. Many of the deep-sea species are delicate and slow-growing, such as cold water corals that can ...
... The deep oceans – the areas beyond and below the edge of continental shelves – are one of the last great wilderness areas. They typically support marine life that is particularly sensitive to disturbance. Many of the deep-sea species are delicate and slow-growing, such as cold water corals that can ...
S C M A
... ACKNOWLEDGING THE GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE AQUACULTURE As traditional harvest fisheries have approached and exceeded sustainable levels, the farming of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in marine and fresh waters has become a burgeoning global industry. These animals can be raised in everyth ...
... ACKNOWLEDGING THE GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE AQUACULTURE As traditional harvest fisheries have approached and exceeded sustainable levels, the farming of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in marine and fresh waters has become a burgeoning global industry. These animals can be raised in everyth ...
Plankton trophodynamics at the subtropical convergence, Southern
... among producers and consumers may have implications for top consumers such as fish, birds and mammals and the assessment of their diets using stable isotopes. As such, the aim of this study was to determine whether the strong latitudinal variability in physico-chemical parameters across the converge ...
... among producers and consumers may have implications for top consumers such as fish, birds and mammals and the assessment of their diets using stable isotopes. As such, the aim of this study was to determine whether the strong latitudinal variability in physico-chemical parameters across the converge ...
Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array
... temperature and salinity gradients at the sea surface, the surface waters at any latitude are subducted below those ...
... temperature and salinity gradients at the sea surface, the surface waters at any latitude are subducted below those ...
Litter on the seafloor-HELCOM candidate core indictor report
... the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, located at about 2,000 km from land and at depths of 7,216m in the Ryuku trench south of Japan. In shallow coastal areas (<40m depth), the abundance of marine debris is generally much greater than on the continental shelf or on the deep seafloor, with the exception of some ac ...
... the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, located at about 2,000 km from land and at depths of 7,216m in the Ryuku trench south of Japan. In shallow coastal areas (<40m depth), the abundance of marine debris is generally much greater than on the continental shelf or on the deep seafloor, with the exception of some ac ...
Marine habitats
The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life. Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term marine comes from the Latin mare, meaning sea or ocean). A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species.Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats. Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf. Most marine life is found in coastal habitats, even though the shelf area occupies only seven percent of the total ocean area. Open ocean habitats are found in the deep ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf.Alternatively, marine habitats can be divided into pelagic and demersal habitats. Pelagic habitats are found near the surface or in the open water column, away from the bottom of the ocean. Demersal habitats are near or on the bottom of the ocean. An organism living in a pelagic habitat is said to be a pelagic organism, as in pelagic fish. Similarly, an organism living in a demersal habitat is said to be a demersal organism, as in demersal fish. Pelagic habitats are intrinsically shifting and ephemeral, depending on what ocean currents are doing.Marine habitats can be modified by their inhabitants. Some marine organisms, like corals, kelp, mangroves and seagrasses, are ecosystem engineers which reshape the marine environment to the point where they create further habitat for other organisms.