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ocean circulation influencing the exxon valdez oil spill
... shoal areas such as Portlock and Albatross Banks. Tidal currents can be significant relative to the mean flow. The Alaska Current serves as a dynamic outer boundary along the shelf break for the shelf regime. Its speeds range from 50-100 cm s -1 and direction is controlled by bottom topography (Lage ...
... shoal areas such as Portlock and Albatross Banks. Tidal currents can be significant relative to the mean flow. The Alaska Current serves as a dynamic outer boundary along the shelf break for the shelf regime. Its speeds range from 50-100 cm s -1 and direction is controlled by bottom topography (Lage ...
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
... scattered across the globe. They spend most of their life drifting up to two kilometres below the surface, before rising every ten days to transmit their data. For up to eight years the Argo floats make about 200 of these cycles before their batteries finally run out. Argo is considered to be one of ...
... scattered across the globe. They spend most of their life drifting up to two kilometres below the surface, before rising every ten days to transmit their data. For up to eight years the Argo floats make about 200 of these cycles before their batteries finally run out. Argo is considered to be one of ...
Marine geochemical data assimilation in an efficient Earth System
... are important tools for assessing climate change and associated feedbacks over the next few hundred years. However, their computational demands currently make them unsuitable for investigating time-scales beyond 1000 years or for conducting sensitivity studies. So-called “off-line” carbon cycle mode ...
... are important tools for assessing climate change and associated feedbacks over the next few hundred years. However, their computational demands currently make them unsuitable for investigating time-scales beyond 1000 years or for conducting sensitivity studies. So-called “off-line” carbon cycle mode ...
Original Article - ICES Journal of Marine Science
... over a wide area of the Barents Sea because trawl doors, sweeps, and groundgear all come in contact with the seabed. This effect increases with the use of multirig trawling, which involves two or three trawls tied together, so that they can be dragged side by side. There has been a steady increase i ...
... over a wide area of the Barents Sea because trawl doors, sweeps, and groundgear all come in contact with the seabed. This effect increases with the use of multirig trawling, which involves two or three trawls tied together, so that they can be dragged side by side. There has been a steady increase i ...
Lessons learned from ICZM good practice around the
... Lesson 4 - Knowledge and understanding for system thinking The identification of issues should be based on the gathering and integration of existing knowledge with additional studies where it is needed in order to share the available knowledge and promote a common understanding of ecosystem changes ...
... Lesson 4 - Knowledge and understanding for system thinking The identification of issues should be based on the gathering and integration of existing knowledge with additional studies where it is needed in order to share the available knowledge and promote a common understanding of ecosystem changes ...
2. METHODOLOGY The present study consisted of two phases. First
... 2003). Juveniles occur in coral-rich areas of lagoon reefs, particularly among live thickets of staghorn Acropora sp. corals, in seagrass beds, murky outer river areas with patch reefs, shallow sandy areas adjacent to coral reef lagoons and in mangrove and seagrass areas inshore. Fish tend to move i ...
... 2003). Juveniles occur in coral-rich areas of lagoon reefs, particularly among live thickets of staghorn Acropora sp. corals, in seagrass beds, murky outer river areas with patch reefs, shallow sandy areas adjacent to coral reef lagoons and in mangrove and seagrass areas inshore. Fish tend to move i ...
Deep-sea fisheries and vulnerable ecosystems in the northeast
... physical impact on sensitive habitats is likely to be caused by towed otter trawls” – i.e. bottom trawling.7 A 2010 study concluded that bottom trawling in deep-sea areas (defined as below 200 metres depth) in the Northeast Atlantic has impacted an area of the ocean floor far more extensively than a ...
... physical impact on sensitive habitats is likely to be caused by towed otter trawls” – i.e. bottom trawling.7 A 2010 study concluded that bottom trawling in deep-sea areas (defined as below 200 metres depth) in the Northeast Atlantic has impacted an area of the ocean floor far more extensively than a ...
37th session of the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects
... report on the UN global mechanism for assessing the state of the marine environment (UNRP), established by the UN General Assembly in 2009 and aimed at delivery of its first global assessment in 2014. GESAMP noted that the development of the UNRP had been slow, but that it was now at the point where ...
... report on the UN global mechanism for assessing the state of the marine environment (UNRP), established by the UN General Assembly in 2009 and aimed at delivery of its first global assessment in 2014. GESAMP noted that the development of the UNRP had been slow, but that it was now at the point where ...
WORKING GROUP 3 - Global Oceans Action Summit
... Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-IUU) adopted in 20011. There are three, but interrelated aspects of the IUU fishing concept. Illegal fishing takes place where vessels operate in violation of the laws of a fishery. This can apply to fisheries that are under the jurisdiction of a coastal State or to high se ...
... Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-IUU) adopted in 20011. There are three, but interrelated aspects of the IUU fishing concept. Illegal fishing takes place where vessels operate in violation of the laws of a fishery. This can apply to fisheries that are under the jurisdiction of a coastal State or to high se ...
Deep-Sea Life
... slope as a means of modelling carbonate mound composed of Pheronema carpenteri in UK and Irish deep sea environments. Moorings are the best way to detect internal waves as they give data as a continuous time-series (Bogucki et al. 1997), however the experimental design used to detect internal waves ...
... slope as a means of modelling carbonate mound composed of Pheronema carpenteri in UK and Irish deep sea environments. Moorings are the best way to detect internal waves as they give data as a continuous time-series (Bogucki et al. 1997), however the experimental design used to detect internal waves ...
Presentations - Centre for Marine Biodiversity
... Coral reefs are the big cities of the sea. One-fourth of all known marine species live in reefs, including fish and thou-sands of kinds of plants and micro-organisms. Reefs are critically important to our planet's ecosystem. (There are three primary coral habitats along the Sudanese coastline: barri ...
... Coral reefs are the big cities of the sea. One-fourth of all known marine species live in reefs, including fish and thou-sands of kinds of plants and micro-organisms. Reefs are critically important to our planet's ecosystem. (There are three primary coral habitats along the Sudanese coastline: barri ...
Powerpoint slides
... - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 years, majority of the debris will drift to the Garbage Patch, ...
... - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 years, majority of the debris will drift to the Garbage Patch, ...
DAEI M 12 014 JFM-AC Position IFREMER Horizon 2020_en
... Ifremer develops innovative technologies which are intrinsically coupled to excellence in marine research (exploration, knowledge and sustainable use of ocean resources). The following technologies have been identified as key in advances made in marine research: o “Blue Biotechnologies”1 and particu ...
... Ifremer develops innovative technologies which are intrinsically coupled to excellence in marine research (exploration, knowledge and sustainable use of ocean resources). The following technologies have been identified as key in advances made in marine research: o “Blue Biotechnologies”1 and particu ...
State of the Marine Environment Report for the
... – 1,117 km3, and in 2011 – 1,205 km3 that is rather stable. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River provides 80% of the region’s river flow. If the Changjiang and Songhua Rivers (a tributary of the Amur River) are excluded, annual river flow could be about 177 km3. All rivers have peak runoff during summer s ...
... – 1,117 km3, and in 2011 – 1,205 km3 that is rather stable. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River provides 80% of the region’s river flow. If the Changjiang and Songhua Rivers (a tributary of the Amur River) are excluded, annual river flow could be about 177 km3. All rivers have peak runoff during summer s ...
Risk assessment of alternate ballast water exchange zones for
... Ballast Water Control and Management regulations (SOR/2011-137), registered on 2011-10-27 under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 (2001, c. 26), require transoceanic and coastal vessels that travel outside Canada’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to exchange their ballast water and to flush tanks that con ...
... Ballast Water Control and Management regulations (SOR/2011-137), registered on 2011-10-27 under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 (2001, c. 26), require transoceanic and coastal vessels that travel outside Canada’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to exchange their ballast water and to flush tanks that con ...
Overview
... distributional study recording basic population characteristics that can be correlated with environmental gradients is a necessary baseline (sensu Clarke and Crame 1992, Clarke 1996). We have formulated a preliminary hypothesis: Suspension feeders are the most responsive to seasonal productivity pea ...
... distributional study recording basic population characteristics that can be correlated with environmental gradients is a necessary baseline (sensu Clarke and Crame 1992, Clarke 1996). We have formulated a preliminary hypothesis: Suspension feeders are the most responsive to seasonal productivity pea ...
Status of Marine Biodiversity of the China Seas
... River), and Zhujiang (Pearl River). A corresponding variety of coastal ecosystems includes the vast area of flat coasts with either sandy beaches and barriers or wide tidal flats in northern China, indented coasts in the mountainous and hilly areas mainly in southern China, deltas and estuaries, cor ...
... River), and Zhujiang (Pearl River). A corresponding variety of coastal ecosystems includes the vast area of flat coasts with either sandy beaches and barriers or wide tidal flats in northern China, indented coasts in the mountainous and hilly areas mainly in southern China, deltas and estuaries, cor ...
Implementing and Innovating Marine Monitoring Approaches
... species. For example, Chariton et al. (2010) suggested that phyla such as Kinorhyncha could be sensitive to contamination and used as an indicator. Metabarcoding could also be applied to assess changes in community structure along a disturbance gradient (Hewitt et al., 2005), or to detect non-native ...
... species. For example, Chariton et al. (2010) suggested that phyla such as Kinorhyncha could be sensitive to contamination and used as an indicator. Metabarcoding could also be applied to assess changes in community structure along a disturbance gradient (Hewitt et al., 2005), or to detect non-native ...
Ch. 16 Marine and Coastal Systems
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Marine Debris in the North Pacific
... Limited research indicates that much of the land-based pollution originates in the Western Pacific (Day et al. 1989). According to the International Coastal Cleanup report, the most common items found during clean-ups conducted onshore and/or underwater include: cigarettes/cigarette filters, food wr ...
... Limited research indicates that much of the land-based pollution originates in the Western Pacific (Day et al. 1989). According to the International Coastal Cleanup report, the most common items found during clean-ups conducted onshore and/or underwater include: cigarettes/cigarette filters, food wr ...
Understanding Ocean Acidification Prior Knowledge Summary
... the amount of carbonate ions available for many marine organisms to form their calcium carbonate hard parts. Coral polyps are less able to precipitate the mineral aragonite, which they use to build or rebuild their skeletons. This means that a coral reef might stop growing and become more vulnerable ...
... the amount of carbonate ions available for many marine organisms to form their calcium carbonate hard parts. Coral polyps are less able to precipitate the mineral aragonite, which they use to build or rebuild their skeletons. This means that a coral reef might stop growing and become more vulnerable ...
Paper title
... ecosystems -- and recommended a parallel process by which functionally critical ecosystem processes are identified using expert knowledge of particularly important areas at a local or regional scale (SC-CAMLR-XXVI/11, paragraphs 157-164; Table 1). The same concern is echoed by scientists proposing t ...
... ecosystems -- and recommended a parallel process by which functionally critical ecosystem processes are identified using expert knowledge of particularly important areas at a local or regional scale (SC-CAMLR-XXVI/11, paragraphs 157-164; Table 1). The same concern is echoed by scientists proposing t ...
Harvesting energy from the sea
... Those values presuppose that marine energy could play a role in the energy production in the following years. Moreover, marine environment presents some challenges for the installation and development of offshore projects like power evacuation, grid connection or foundations. To compete with the pre ...
... Those values presuppose that marine energy could play a role in the energy production in the following years. Moreover, marine environment presents some challenges for the installation and development of offshore projects like power evacuation, grid connection or foundations. To compete with the pre ...
Marine habitats
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Callyspongia_sp._(Tube_sponge).jpg?width=300)
The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life. Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term marine comes from the Latin mare, meaning sea or ocean). A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species.Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats. Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf. Most marine life is found in coastal habitats, even though the shelf area occupies only seven percent of the total ocean area. Open ocean habitats are found in the deep ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf.Alternatively, marine habitats can be divided into pelagic and demersal habitats. Pelagic habitats are found near the surface or in the open water column, away from the bottom of the ocean. Demersal habitats are near or on the bottom of the ocean. An organism living in a pelagic habitat is said to be a pelagic organism, as in pelagic fish. Similarly, an organism living in a demersal habitat is said to be a demersal organism, as in demersal fish. Pelagic habitats are intrinsically shifting and ephemeral, depending on what ocean currents are doing.Marine habitats can be modified by their inhabitants. Some marine organisms, like corals, kelp, mangroves and seagrasses, are ecosystem engineers which reshape the marine environment to the point where they create further habitat for other organisms.