How Taxes and Spending on Education Influence Economic Growth
... depreciation rate at a relatively low level of δ K = 4% , following Nehru & Dhareshwar (1993). The rate of human capital depreciation has been estimated by Manuelli & Seshadri (2005), Arrazola & de Hevia (2004) and others. Following these authors, we set δ H = 1.5% . Next, we must estimate the real ...
... depreciation rate at a relatively low level of δ K = 4% , following Nehru & Dhareshwar (1993). The rate of human capital depreciation has been estimated by Manuelli & Seshadri (2005), Arrazola & de Hevia (2004) and others. Following these authors, we set δ H = 1.5% . Next, we must estimate the real ...
Discussion on the Fiscal Policy on Promoting Low-carbon Economy
... willing to risk. Therefore, the government should offer findings to carry out low-carbon technology research and development research for institutions, universities, enterprises with preferential policies. For example, the establishment of low-carbon technology ventures capital, investment in risk. ...
... willing to risk. Therefore, the government should offer findings to carry out low-carbon technology research and development research for institutions, universities, enterprises with preferential policies. For example, the establishment of low-carbon technology ventures capital, investment in risk. ...
The shadow economy in industrial countries
... Due to still-high unemployment rates, especially in the EU, and budget stringencies, as well as rising disappointment with economic and social policies, the EU Commission and Parliament have undertaken broad initiatives, including EU–wide surveys, to better understand and fight the growth of the sha ...
... Due to still-high unemployment rates, especially in the EU, and budget stringencies, as well as rising disappointment with economic and social policies, the EU Commission and Parliament have undertaken broad initiatives, including EU–wide surveys, to better understand and fight the growth of the sha ...
Introduction FASCISM WITHOUT BORDERS
... Although its centers were in Rome and Berlin, fascism in interwar Europe was clearly transnational. Its reduction to Italy and Germany simplifies or even distorts the history of fascism. Taking recent historiographical debates on comparison, transfers, and entanglements in modern history as a starti ...
... Although its centers were in Rome and Berlin, fascism in interwar Europe was clearly transnational. Its reduction to Italy and Germany simplifies or even distorts the history of fascism. Taking recent historiographical debates on comparison, transfers, and entanglements in modern history as a starti ...
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... 1991 – in the midst of a recession – , the individuals suffering economic hardship because of the recession turned to the shadow economy, which led to a substantial loss in tax revenue. “Unfortunately, once this habit is developed, it is unlikely that it will be abandoned merely because economic gro ...
... 1991 – in the midst of a recession – , the individuals suffering economic hardship because of the recession turned to the shadow economy, which led to a substantial loss in tax revenue. “Unfortunately, once this habit is developed, it is unlikely that it will be abandoned merely because economic gro ...
Trade Policy Challenges in a Small, Open, Fragile, Post
... strongly, the economy had grown much more open and globally connected. With the recession in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and in some major Southeast Asian neighbors, Cambodia’s economic growth slumped as garment exports and tourism fell sharply, short-term ...
... strongly, the economy had grown much more open and globally connected. With the recession in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and in some major Southeast Asian neighbors, Cambodia’s economic growth slumped as garment exports and tourism fell sharply, short-term ...
EMFA swot
... There is a direct connection to monetary assessment tools. Economy−wide MFA has been developed as a biophysical complement to economic accounts and hence is widely compatible with the accounting rules and conventions as laid down in the System of National Accounts (Bringezu 2003). Combining both typ ...
... There is a direct connection to monetary assessment tools. Economy−wide MFA has been developed as a biophysical complement to economic accounts and hence is widely compatible with the accounting rules and conventions as laid down in the System of National Accounts (Bringezu 2003). Combining both typ ...
Trade Policy Challenges in a Small, Open, Fragile, Post
... strongly, the economy had grown much more open and globally connected. With the recession in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and in some major Southeast Asian neighbors, Cambodia’s economic growth slumped as garment exports and tourism fell sharply, short-term ...
... strongly, the economy had grown much more open and globally connected. With the recession in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and in some major Southeast Asian neighbors, Cambodia’s economic growth slumped as garment exports and tourism fell sharply, short-term ...
IS PAPER SERIES
... describe an economy in which households consume a non-produced exportable good and an imported foreign good, face given terms of trade, and maximize an integral of discounted instantaneous utilities over an infinite horizon by optimally allocating income each moment between current consumption and ...
... describe an economy in which households consume a non-produced exportable good and an imported foreign good, face given terms of trade, and maximize an integral of discounted instantaneous utilities over an infinite horizon by optimally allocating income each moment between current consumption and ...
Document
... :In the United States 70 percent of the workforce works in the service sector; in Japan, 60 percent, and in Taiwan, 50 percent. These are not necessarily busboys and live-in maids. Many of them are in the professional category. They are earning as much as manufacturing workers, and often more.”The B ...
... :In the United States 70 percent of the workforce works in the service sector; in Japan, 60 percent, and in Taiwan, 50 percent. These are not necessarily busboys and live-in maids. Many of them are in the professional category. They are earning as much as manufacturing workers, and often more.”The B ...
The Production Possibilities Frontier
... If the economy is pushed beyond the PPF, its unemployment rate being driven below the 5-6 percent band, we say the economy is “overheated.” Points very far beyond the PPF are simply out of reach (in real terms). Strong market forces pushing in this direction will impinge on prices rather than on qua ...
... If the economy is pushed beyond the PPF, its unemployment rate being driven below the 5-6 percent band, we say the economy is “overheated.” Points very far beyond the PPF are simply out of reach (in real terms). Strong market forces pushing in this direction will impinge on prices rather than on qua ...
glossary
... assumes as exogenous, and thus substantially unexplained, what seems to be the main fuel of economic growth. During the most recent years, at least since the mid 80s on, the economic research has thus tried to squeeze down the degree of “our ignorance about growth (Abramovitz (1956))” and to reduce ...
... assumes as exogenous, and thus substantially unexplained, what seems to be the main fuel of economic growth. During the most recent years, at least since the mid 80s on, the economic research has thus tried to squeeze down the degree of “our ignorance about growth (Abramovitz (1956))” and to reduce ...
OCR Spec - Institute of Economic Affairs
... disadvantages of EU membership and how these vary between member states • explain the role of the financial sector in developing and emerging economies in promoting economic development • evaluate the extent to which international financial markets have influenced flows of financial capital into ...
... disadvantages of EU membership and how these vary between member states • explain the role of the financial sector in developing and emerging economies in promoting economic development • evaluate the extent to which international financial markets have influenced flows of financial capital into ...
Privatizating the Public Business Sector in the Eighties: Economic Performance, Partisan Responses and Divided Governments
... making regimes in place since the 1940s and contributed to the breakdown of the so-called Keynesian postwar consensus. Yet the privatization movement was mainly driven by the political actors in power at the time, constrained by the institutional settings in which they operated. On the one hand, th ...
... making regimes in place since the 1940s and contributed to the breakdown of the so-called Keynesian postwar consensus. Yet the privatization movement was mainly driven by the political actors in power at the time, constrained by the institutional settings in which they operated. On the one hand, th ...
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... Intensive raw materials production and export helped the economy to overcome the economic crisis and ensured high rates of economic growth over the recent three years. ...
... Intensive raw materials production and export helped the economy to overcome the economic crisis and ensured high rates of economic growth over the recent three years. ...
Automatic Stabilizers, Fiscal Rules and Macroeconomic Stability*
... Figure 1 shows the main result of the paper: when public spending is financed through lump-sum taxes, a given monetary policy is able to deliver less output volatility than any other tax structure; this holds for any value of the standard deviation of the inflation rate. The reduction in σ y is quit ...
... Figure 1 shows the main result of the paper: when public spending is financed through lump-sum taxes, a given monetary policy is able to deliver less output volatility than any other tax structure; this holds for any value of the standard deviation of the inflation rate. The reduction in σ y is quit ...
Regional Development in the Knowledge
... interest and the perspectives from which they are being observed. Thus, we shall reflect the ethos of the papers that follow, and the conference that gave rise to them, by highlighting and defining two key terms in full knowledge that important elements of both are contested rather than settled descri ...
... interest and the perspectives from which they are being observed. Thus, we shall reflect the ethos of the papers that follow, and the conference that gave rise to them, by highlighting and defining two key terms in full knowledge that important elements of both are contested rather than settled descri ...
On the concept of locational competition
... roads and airports. They can all be financed by user charges. Thus, one can envisage an institutional arrangement in which user charges finance roads, ports, airports and other ..public" goods. For instance, roads may be financed by imposing a mileage tax on cars for using the roads and an emissions ...
... roads and airports. They can all be financed by user charges. Thus, one can envisage an institutional arrangement in which user charges finance roads, ports, airports and other ..public" goods. For instance, roads may be financed by imposing a mileage tax on cars for using the roads and an emissions ...
Outline of the U.S. Economy
... workers were immigrants from Europe, their immediate descendants, or AfricanAmericans whose ancestors were brought to the Americas as slaves. In the early years of the 20th century, large numbers of Asians immigrated to the United States, while many Latin American immigrants came in later years. Alt ...
... workers were immigrants from Europe, their immediate descendants, or AfricanAmericans whose ancestors were brought to the Americas as slaves. In the early years of the 20th century, large numbers of Asians immigrated to the United States, while many Latin American immigrants came in later years. Alt ...
oreign trade and california`s economic growth
... expansion of Pacific Rim countries. Asian countries, Canada, and Mexico are California's primary customers, together accounting for over two-thirds of state exports. Trade agreements, such as NAFTA and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), have expanded both export opportunities for Cal ...
... expansion of Pacific Rim countries. Asian countries, Canada, and Mexico are California's primary customers, together accounting for over two-thirds of state exports. Trade agreements, such as NAFTA and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), have expanded both export opportunities for Cal ...
Third Outline Perspective Plan of Malaysia
... level of the age cohort 17-23 years increased to 25 per cent following the substantial allocation provided for tertiary education, but it is still lower compared with many of the newly industrialized economies (NIEs), as shown in Table 5-2. In addition, enrolment at the first-degree level in public ...
... level of the age cohort 17-23 years increased to 25 per cent following the substantial allocation provided for tertiary education, but it is still lower compared with many of the newly industrialized economies (NIEs), as shown in Table 5-2. In addition, enrolment at the first-degree level in public ...
technical progress and its factors in russia`s economy
... experienced relatively slower wage growth and larger workforce reductions. However international competitiveness, as measured by revealed comparative advantage, remained limited to a small number of sectors that mainly produced primary commodities, in particular hydrocarbons, with a tendency to furt ...
... experienced relatively slower wage growth and larger workforce reductions. However international competitiveness, as measured by revealed comparative advantage, remained limited to a small number of sectors that mainly produced primary commodities, in particular hydrocarbons, with a tendency to furt ...
Globalization and the Industrial Development of Nigeria: Evidence
... globalization and economic growth in Nigeria from 1970-2008. This study employed descriptive statistics, regression technique and correlation analysis in evaluating the relevant results. The result of the regression analysis shows that trade openness has positive and significant relationship with ec ...
... globalization and economic growth in Nigeria from 1970-2008. This study employed descriptive statistics, regression technique and correlation analysis in evaluating the relevant results. The result of the regression analysis shows that trade openness has positive and significant relationship with ec ...
the parallel economy in india: causes, impacts
... a series of estimates of black income where it increased from Rs. 916 crores (6.1 percent of GDP) in 1961‐62 to Rs.8098 crores (10.5 percent of GDP) in 1976‐77 (Dhar, 2003). The study showed that a buoyant economy offers more opportunities for unaccounted income. During ...
... a series of estimates of black income where it increased from Rs. 916 crores (6.1 percent of GDP) in 1961‐62 to Rs.8098 crores (10.5 percent of GDP) in 1976‐77 (Dhar, 2003). The study showed that a buoyant economy offers more opportunities for unaccounted income. During ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 12: Agg Demand in the Open Economy
... Even though NX is unchanged, there is less trade: – the trade restriction reduces imports – the exchange rate appreciation reduces exports Less trade means fewer ‘gains from trade.’ ...
... Even though NX is unchanged, there is less trade: – the trade restriction reduces imports – the exchange rate appreciation reduces exports Less trade means fewer ‘gains from trade.’ ...