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Tackling AMR – A Cross Council Initiative Theme 2
Tackling AMR – A Cross Council Initiative Theme 2

... in the past, with penicillins, cephalosporins and statins amongst the best examples. Recent developments in the ease with which we can sequence the genomes of fungi have revealed that fungi house a hitherto unexpectedly large number of gene clusters which appear to encode pathways for secondary meta ...
Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Different Public
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... centage of each infected site by Gram-positive or Gramnegative bacteria in relation to species type. From first inspection percentage of Bacillus spp. recorded the highest percentage between other isolated bacteria. This might due to their nature as spore former which could tolerate adverse conditio ...
What is meningitis? - University of Bolton
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... Meningitis – Frequently asked Questions What is meningitis? Meningitis is a potentially fatal bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitides, also known as meningococcal infection. Many people ...
List the ways that diseases are transmitted from one person to another
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Infectious Disease and Population Growth
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... these micro-organisms are called NORMAL FLORA. Other Micro-organisms are normally not found on or in the human body & are usually associated with disease ;these micro-organism are known as PATHOGENS. ALL MICRO-ORGANISMS, including normal flora ,can cause infection or disease if certain conditions ex ...
List the ways that diseases are transmitted from one
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Internal Medicine Board Review: Infectious Diseases
Internal Medicine Board Review: Infectious Diseases

... • Pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission and did not appear to be incubating at the time of admission • Ventilator is the number one RF • Treatment regimens similar to health-care associated pneumonia • Treat early and broadly, then de-escalate based on clinical improvement and cultu ...
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Anaerobic infection

Anaerobic infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria do not grow on solid media in room air (0.04% carbon dioxide and 21% oxygen); facultative anaerobic bacteria can grow in the presence as well as in the absence of air. Microaerophilic bacteria do not grow at all aerobically or grow poorly, but grow better under 10% carbon dioxide or anaerobically. Anaerobic bacteria can be divided into strict anaerobes that can not grow in the presence of more than 0.5% oxygen and moderate anaerobic bacteria that are able of growing between 2 to 8% oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria usually do not possess catalase, but some can generate superoxide dismutase which protects them from oxygen.The clinically important anaerobes in decreasing frequency are: 1. Six genera of Gram-negative rods (Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Bilophila and Sutterella spp.);2. Gram-positive cocci (primarily Peptostreptococcus spp.); 3. Gram-positive spore-forming (Clostridium spp.) and nonspore-forming bacilli (Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp.); and 4. Gram-negative cocci (mainly Veillonella spp.) .The frequency of isolation of anaerobic bacterial strains varies in different infectious sites. Mixed infections caused by numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are often observed in clinical situations.Anaerobic bacteria are a common cause of infections, some of which can be serious and life-threatening. Because anaerobes are the predominant components of the skin's and mucous membranes normal flora, they are a common cause infections of endogenous origin. Because of their fastidious nature, anaerobes are hard to isolate and are often not recovered from infected sites. The administration of delayed or inappropriate therapy against these organisms may lead to failures in eradication of these infections. The isolation of anaerobic bacteria requires adequate methods for collection, transportation and cultivation of clinical specimens. The management of anaerobic infection is often difficult because of the slow growth of anaerobic organisms, which can delay their identification by the frequent polymicrobial nature of these infections and by the increasing resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobials.
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