Rampant horizontal gene transfer and phospho
... well-supported clade. Within group B1, we found both the monophyly of Thermus + Deinococcus and that of Cytophaga + Bacteroides. Yet, other regions of the tree are more puzzling. Some species that are thought to be closely related are separated among several groups (e.g., the alpha-proteobacteria in ...
... well-supported clade. Within group B1, we found both the monophyly of Thermus + Deinococcus and that of Cytophaga + Bacteroides. Yet, other regions of the tree are more puzzling. Some species that are thought to be closely related are separated among several groups (e.g., the alpha-proteobacteria in ...
Fewidobacterium gondwanense sp. nov., a New Thermophilic
... organisms that had conventional rod and filament morphologies, whereas the remaining 13 contained rods that had single terminal swellings. The organisms that exhibited the latter morphotype were isolated from bore source samples, as well as from sediment and microbial mat samples. The temperatures o ...
... organisms that had conventional rod and filament morphologies, whereas the remaining 13 contained rods that had single terminal swellings. The organisms that exhibited the latter morphotype were isolated from bore source samples, as well as from sediment and microbial mat samples. The temperatures o ...
PROFILES OF TETRACYCLINE RESISTANT BACTERIA IN THE
... growth of the bacteria. It was later determined that a β-lactam moiety was the inhibitory compound disrupting the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria. It was determined that β-lactam antibiotics work by binding to the enzyme D,D- transpeptidase, which the cell uses to create cross-links the pep ...
... growth of the bacteria. It was later determined that a β-lactam moiety was the inhibitory compound disrupting the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria. It was determined that β-lactam antibiotics work by binding to the enzyme D,D- transpeptidase, which the cell uses to create cross-links the pep ...
The human microbiome harbors a diverse reservoir of antibiotic
... Most antibiotics used in the clinic today are structural derivatives of compounds isolated from natural sources. Since antibiotics in nature represent one of the oldest forms of biochemical warfare, environmental bacteria would be expected to possess intrinsic mechanisms to detect, resist, and neutr ...
... Most antibiotics used in the clinic today are structural derivatives of compounds isolated from natural sources. Since antibiotics in nature represent one of the oldest forms of biochemical warfare, environmental bacteria would be expected to possess intrinsic mechanisms to detect, resist, and neutr ...
SYLLABUS FOR M.Sc. SEMESTER PATTERN
... 2) Production of antibiotic as secondary metabolite and its assay[any one antibiotic]. 3) Microbial production of Dextran/xanthan as secondary metabolites. 4) Membrane disryption and separation subcellular organelles. 5) Production of microbial pigments using any pigment producing organism. 6) Biotr ...
... 2) Production of antibiotic as secondary metabolite and its assay[any one antibiotic]. 3) Microbial production of Dextran/xanthan as secondary metabolites. 4) Membrane disryption and separation subcellular organelles. 5) Production of microbial pigments using any pigment producing organism. 6) Biotr ...
Genetic Engineering (7:20 min, history, restriction enzymes cutting
... genes into organisms, discussion of safety, moral issues, etc.4:08) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7-ofCWJiUg Genetic Engineering Animation (9th grader created, overviews genes, restriction enzymes cutting genes, adding into plasmids, 3:04) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEINuCL-5wc Bacterial Tra ...
... genes into organisms, discussion of safety, moral issues, etc.4:08) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7-ofCWJiUg Genetic Engineering Animation (9th grader created, overviews genes, restriction enzymes cutting genes, adding into plasmids, 3:04) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEINuCL-5wc Bacterial Tra ...
Bacteria Virtual Lab Procedure Analysis
... are visible only with the aid of a high-powered microscope. Under proper nutritional and environmental conditions, bacteria can be grown in a laboratory. They are usually cultivated in sterile petri dishes containing a gelatin-like nutrient called agar. Bacteria reproduce rapidly. Each single cell d ...
... are visible only with the aid of a high-powered microscope. Under proper nutritional and environmental conditions, bacteria can be grown in a laboratory. They are usually cultivated in sterile petri dishes containing a gelatin-like nutrient called agar. Bacteria reproduce rapidly. Each single cell d ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... on Earth in terms of number of individuals. The number of prokaryotes in the ocean is perhaps 100 million times as great as the number of stars in the visible universe. They are found in every type of habitat on Earth. We will describe eight bacterial groups. ...
... on Earth in terms of number of individuals. The number of prokaryotes in the ocean is perhaps 100 million times as great as the number of stars in the visible universe. They are found in every type of habitat on Earth. We will describe eight bacterial groups. ...
Slide - Smith Lab
... • Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (alpha-defensins) are found in human tears at 0.2-1µg/ml • hBD-2 made by ocular epithelium – induced by LPS via TLR4 and LTA and lipoproteins through TLR2 – not detected in normal tear film • LL-37 another antimicrobial peptide was detected in ocular cells and upregul ...
... • Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (alpha-defensins) are found in human tears at 0.2-1µg/ml • hBD-2 made by ocular epithelium – induced by LPS via TLR4 and LTA and lipoproteins through TLR2 – not detected in normal tear film • LL-37 another antimicrobial peptide was detected in ocular cells and upregul ...
Latin Root Word: archeo
... (ex. blue-green algae) b) Spirochetes: spiral shaped (causes syphilis) c) Gram-positive bacteria (ex. Bacteria that cause strep; change milk to yogurt; produce antibiotics) d) Proteobacteria (ex. E. coli; nitrogen-fixing bacteria) ...
... (ex. blue-green algae) b) Spirochetes: spiral shaped (causes syphilis) c) Gram-positive bacteria (ex. Bacteria that cause strep; change milk to yogurt; produce antibiotics) d) Proteobacteria (ex. E. coli; nitrogen-fixing bacteria) ...
01 - ermshouse72
... 10. Cells with a nucleus are called ______________________. 11. What are three ways that prokaryotes are like eukaryotes? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ...
... 10. Cells with a nucleus are called ______________________. 11. What are three ways that prokaryotes are like eukaryotes? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ...
GENETIC METHODS FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC
... a part of integrons located in these transferable elements. In Gram-negative bacteria, β-lactamase production remains the most important mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. One group of these enzymes called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a serious clinical problem resulting f ...
... a part of integrons located in these transferable elements. In Gram-negative bacteria, β-lactamase production remains the most important mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. One group of these enzymes called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a serious clinical problem resulting f ...
GENETIC METHODS FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC
... a part of integrons located in these transferable elements. In Gram-negative bacteria, β-lactamase production remains the most important mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. One group of these enzymes called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a serious clinical problem resulting f ...
... a part of integrons located in these transferable elements. In Gram-negative bacteria, β-lactamase production remains the most important mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. One group of these enzymes called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a serious clinical problem resulting f ...
How Antibiotics Work
... have evolved defenses against certain antibiotics. One of the main mechanisms of defense is inactivation of the antibiotic. This is the usual defense against penicillins and chloramphenicol, among others. Another form of defense involves a mutation that changes the bacterial enzyme affected by the d ...
... have evolved defenses against certain antibiotics. One of the main mechanisms of defense is inactivation of the antibiotic. This is the usual defense against penicillins and chloramphenicol, among others. Another form of defense involves a mutation that changes the bacterial enzyme affected by the d ...
QPCR Analysis of Bacterial DNA Extractions
... BV include preterm delivery, 2 an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, 3 and an increased susceptibility to HIV acquisition and transmission. 4 Current treatment, which usually involves metronidazole drug therapy, has not proved sufficient. Even after apparently successful treatment, there ...
... BV include preterm delivery, 2 an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, 3 and an increased susceptibility to HIV acquisition and transmission. 4 Current treatment, which usually involves metronidazole drug therapy, has not proved sufficient. Even after apparently successful treatment, there ...
A. Cell Biology of Bacteria
... hosts an average of 100,000 bacteria Washing removes many, but they reproduce so quickly--doubling every 20 minutes--that the population is restored in hours ...
... hosts an average of 100,000 bacteria Washing removes many, but they reproduce so quickly--doubling every 20 minutes--that the population is restored in hours ...
Current Opinion in Plant Biology
... were examined using nucleotide composition measures and phylogenetic approaches. Eleven of them were demonstrated to be recently acquired by horizontal transfer [21], while the remaining 13 appear to have been maintained since the early diversification of the species complex. Of the horizontally acq ...
... were examined using nucleotide composition measures and phylogenetic approaches. Eleven of them were demonstrated to be recently acquired by horizontal transfer [21], while the remaining 13 appear to have been maintained since the early diversification of the species complex. Of the horizontally acq ...
Biological nitrogen fixation represents the major source of nitrogen
... The patterns of the resulting PCR products were found to be highly specific for each strains, suggesting that the REP and ERIC-PCR method is useful for the identification and classification of bacterial strains since they allow the fingerprinting of individual genera, species and strains and help t ...
... The patterns of the resulting PCR products were found to be highly specific for each strains, suggesting that the REP and ERIC-PCR method is useful for the identification and classification of bacterial strains since they allow the fingerprinting of individual genera, species and strains and help t ...
Gene expression and regulation
... Gene regulation can occur at three possible places in the production of an active gene product. First, the transcription of the gene can be regulated. This is known as transcriptional regulation. When the gene is transcribed and how much it is transcribed influences the amount of gene product that i ...
... Gene regulation can occur at three possible places in the production of an active gene product. First, the transcription of the gene can be regulated. This is known as transcriptional regulation. When the gene is transcribed and how much it is transcribed influences the amount of gene product that i ...
Prokaryotes
... Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. They live in almost all environments. They are found in the ocean, the soil, and the intestines of animals. They are even found in rocks deep below Earth’s surface. Any surface that has not been sterilized is likely to be covere ...
... Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. They live in almost all environments. They are found in the ocean, the soil, and the intestines of animals. They are even found in rocks deep below Earth’s surface. Any surface that has not been sterilized is likely to be covere ...
Bacteria structure and infectious disease
... bacterium to keep one step ahead of the immune system. For example, Gonococci that cause gonorrhea have a large number of genes that code for different pili proteins. However, they only make a few at any given time. The immune system will rapidly make an antibody against that pilus protein, and dest ...
... bacterium to keep one step ahead of the immune system. For example, Gonococci that cause gonorrhea have a large number of genes that code for different pili proteins. However, they only make a few at any given time. The immune system will rapidly make an antibody against that pilus protein, and dest ...
The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and
... is confined to genes of particular mechanisms (such as enzymatic b-lactam cleavage) or applies to many genes with diverse mechanisms of resistance is unknown. Additionally, whether a single horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event between environment and clinic can result in the de novo acquisition of ...
... is confined to genes of particular mechanisms (such as enzymatic b-lactam cleavage) or applies to many genes with diverse mechanisms of resistance is unknown. Additionally, whether a single horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event between environment and clinic can result in the de novo acquisition of ...
STAC RESTRUCTURE
... Emerging BW Agents • Newly identified naturally-occurring agents of disease - also occasionally referred to as Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) that demonstrate virulence, stability and production capacity consistent with their potential for intentional dissemination. • Infectious diseases whose ...
... Emerging BW Agents • Newly identified naturally-occurring agents of disease - also occasionally referred to as Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) that demonstrate virulence, stability and production capacity consistent with their potential for intentional dissemination. • Infectious diseases whose ...
File
... Appear red or pink in Gram stain. Penicillin, and other antibiotics, inhibit linkages between peptidoglycan molecules ...
... Appear red or pink in Gram stain. Penicillin, and other antibiotics, inhibit linkages between peptidoglycan molecules ...
L6- Problem Solving with Exponential Growth and Decay
... b) How many bacteria are present after 8 hours? c) How many bacteria are present after 16 hours? ...
... b) How many bacteria are present after 8 hours? c) How many bacteria are present after 16 hours? ...
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer (LGT), it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. This horizontal gene transfer often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms (e.g., via F-pilus), subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics, which is becoming a medical challenge to deal with.Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon and among single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer.Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering.