Cycle 33 Organism 4 - Streptococcus pyogenes
... S. pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Other respiratory infections include sinusitis, otitis, and pneumonia. Infections of the skin can be superficial (impetigo) or deep (cellulitis). Invasive streptococci cause ...
... S. pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Other respiratory infections include sinusitis, otitis, and pneumonia. Infections of the skin can be superficial (impetigo) or deep (cellulitis). Invasive streptococci cause ...
urinary system.pptx
... Life-Span Changes • kidneys appear scarred and grainy • kidney cells die • by age 80, kidneys have lost a third of their mass • kidney shrinkage due to loss of glomeruli • proteinuria may develop • renal tubules thicken • harder for kidneys to clear certain substances • bladder, ureters, and ...
... Life-Span Changes • kidneys appear scarred and grainy • kidney cells die • by age 80, kidneys have lost a third of their mass • kidney shrinkage due to loss of glomeruli • proteinuria may develop • renal tubules thicken • harder for kidneys to clear certain substances • bladder, ureters, and ...
“MIASMATIC APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION” Dr.RAGHUPATHI.V
... in the urine, which is normally free of bacteria, and implies that these bacteria are from the urinary tract and are not contaminants from the skin, vagina or prepuce. The possibility of contamination increases as the reliability of the collection technique decreases from suprapubic aspiration, to c ...
... in the urine, which is normally free of bacteria, and implies that these bacteria are from the urinary tract and are not contaminants from the skin, vagina or prepuce. The possibility of contamination increases as the reliability of the collection technique decreases from suprapubic aspiration, to c ...
6. Bites 2013
... MCQ 6: Pt returned from Congo with fever q48h. What is the most life-threatening infection that need to be ruled-out? A. Plasmodium Ovale B. Plasmodium Vivax C. Salmonella Typhi D. Dengue Fever E. Plasmodium Falciparum ...
... MCQ 6: Pt returned from Congo with fever q48h. What is the most life-threatening infection that need to be ruled-out? A. Plasmodium Ovale B. Plasmodium Vivax C. Salmonella Typhi D. Dengue Fever E. Plasmodium Falciparum ...
Trichomonas infection and unmet need/epidemiology
... BACKGROUND: Trichomonas vaginalis, which affects at least 170 million individuals globally, may increase the risk of transmission of HIV and predispose pregnant women to premature rupture of membranes and early labour. OBJECTIVE: To more clearly define the epidemiology of trichomoniasis and to devel ...
... BACKGROUND: Trichomonas vaginalis, which affects at least 170 million individuals globally, may increase the risk of transmission of HIV and predispose pregnant women to premature rupture of membranes and early labour. OBJECTIVE: To more clearly define the epidemiology of trichomoniasis and to devel ...
Re-evaluating endoscopy-associated infection risk
... substantially more transmission events documented in the review than selected by the ASGE authors (145 rather than 28).18 When all 145 cases are used, the risk estimate is 1 in 276,000da 6-fold increase over the stated risk. In terms of the denominator for this calculation, there are large discrepan ...
... substantially more transmission events documented in the review than selected by the ASGE authors (145 rather than 28).18 When all 145 cases are used, the risk estimate is 1 in 276,000da 6-fold increase over the stated risk. In terms of the denominator for this calculation, there are large discrepan ...
Navel ill
... In case of localization in the heart give to endocarditis. If the eye affected, there is panophthelmitis and hypopyon. The commonest sites for bacteria to settle are the joints. This leads to swollen stiff painful (often hot) joints. Aspiration of the affected joint reveals thick pus. In some calves ...
... In case of localization in the heart give to endocarditis. If the eye affected, there is panophthelmitis and hypopyon. The commonest sites for bacteria to settle are the joints. This leads to swollen stiff painful (often hot) joints. Aspiration of the affected joint reveals thick pus. In some calves ...
Understanding the Enemy: Calming the Panic When New
... MRSA rates significantly associated with UAI, PDI and MAS Explained nearly half of MRSA differences in Europe Five European countries with the highest MRSA proportions all possess very high UAI scores ...
... MRSA rates significantly associated with UAI, PDI and MAS Explained nearly half of MRSA differences in Europe Five European countries with the highest MRSA proportions all possess very high UAI scores ...
cowpox virus - European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians
... In humans and non-human primates: self-limiting. Use antibiotics and NSAIDs to treat secondary infections In herbivores: can be life-threatening due to massive cycles of virus development. Use antibiotics, NSAIDs and other supportive measures Prevention and control in zoos Control wild rodents (pest ...
... In humans and non-human primates: self-limiting. Use antibiotics and NSAIDs to treat secondary infections In herbivores: can be life-threatening due to massive cycles of virus development. Use antibiotics, NSAIDs and other supportive measures Prevention and control in zoos Control wild rodents (pest ...
document
... 1. Infection is caused by pathogens (bacteria, virus, parasite) 2. Pathogens overwhelm the immune system a. excessive virulence b. weakened immunity/host resistance 3. Antibiotics will reduce the pathogenic presence: eliminating the infection, or until the immune system can take over. 4. Antibiotics ...
... 1. Infection is caused by pathogens (bacteria, virus, parasite) 2. Pathogens overwhelm the immune system a. excessive virulence b. weakened immunity/host resistance 3. Antibiotics will reduce the pathogenic presence: eliminating the infection, or until the immune system can take over. 4. Antibiotics ...
ureteroscopy / pyeloscopy - treatment of stones
... You are usually able to eat and drink what you feel like after the surgery. You will be encouraged to maintain a good fluid intake. Pain relief is always available; however, it is not usual to have significant pain after this procedure. You will most likely experience irritation and could have a fre ...
... You are usually able to eat and drink what you feel like after the surgery. You will be encouraged to maintain a good fluid intake. Pain relief is always available; however, it is not usual to have significant pain after this procedure. You will most likely experience irritation and could have a fre ...
Hydra Jagwire - Boston Scientific
... structural integrity of the device and/or lead to device failure which, in turn, may result in patient injury, illness or death. Reuse, reprocessing or resterilization may also create a risk of contamination of the device and/or cause patient infection or cross-infection, including, but not limited ...
... structural integrity of the device and/or lead to device failure which, in turn, may result in patient injury, illness or death. Reuse, reprocessing or resterilization may also create a risk of contamination of the device and/or cause patient infection or cross-infection, including, but not limited ...
Considerations on Antibiotic Use for Outpatients
... Uncomplicated cystitis About 80% of uncomplicated cystitis is attributable to Escherichia coli. • Antibiotic therapy: First-line therapy should be first- or secondgeneration cephem antibiotics for 3–5 days. Cephalexin, 500 mg qid Cefuroxime axetil, 250–500 mg tid Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are prec ...
... Uncomplicated cystitis About 80% of uncomplicated cystitis is attributable to Escherichia coli. • Antibiotic therapy: First-line therapy should be first- or secondgeneration cephem antibiotics for 3–5 days. Cephalexin, 500 mg qid Cefuroxime axetil, 250–500 mg tid Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are prec ...
Pneumonia in Children
... are beta-lactamse positive. •Treatment with either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or TMP/SMX is effective against þlactamase-producing strains. ...
... are beta-lactamse positive. •Treatment with either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or TMP/SMX is effective against þlactamase-producing strains. ...
Long-Term Care: Daily Urinary Catheter Maintenance Checklist
... 14. Use a catheter insertion checklist if changing the catheter. Consider having an assistant during the procedure to help position resident and decrease risk of catheter contamination. 15. Residents who are independent with catheter care are educated and competent with aseptic technique. IV. ...
... 14. Use a catheter insertion checklist if changing the catheter. Consider having an assistant during the procedure to help position resident and decrease risk of catheter contamination. 15. Residents who are independent with catheter care are educated and competent with aseptic technique. IV. ...
(CA-MRSA): Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers
... Traditionally MRSA infections have been associated with hospitalization or other healthcare-associated risk factors, but in recent years healthcare providers have observed MRSA infections in an increasing number of people who lack traditional ...
... Traditionally MRSA infections have been associated with hospitalization or other healthcare-associated risk factors, but in recent years healthcare providers have observed MRSA infections in an increasing number of people who lack traditional ...
human organs of excretion
... glucose are reabsorbed by active transport from the renal tubule into the capillaries ...
... glucose are reabsorbed by active transport from the renal tubule into the capillaries ...
An Intrinsic Pathogenicity Index for Microorganisms
... Salmonella typhimurium would have a high index. Conversely, in the case of an organism with an IPI close to 0, colonisation will seldom be followed by infection. Such an organism is described as poorly virulent; this index would be characteristic of the indigenous flora. Examples from the surgical n ...
... Salmonella typhimurium would have a high index. Conversely, in the case of an organism with an IPI close to 0, colonisation will seldom be followed by infection. Such an organism is described as poorly virulent; this index would be characteristic of the indigenous flora. Examples from the surgical n ...
Urinary tract infection
A urinary tract infection (UTI), also known as acute cystitis or bladder infection, is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as pyelonephritis (a kidney infection). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract include painful urination and either frequent urination or urge to urinate (or both); while the symptoms of pyelonephritis include fever and flank pain in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. In some cases, a painful burning sensation in the urethra may be present even when not urinating. In the elderly and the very young, symptoms may be vague or non-specific. The main causal agent of both types is Escherichia coli, though other bacteria, viruses or fungi may rarely be the cause.Urinary tract infections occur more commonly in women than men, with half of women having at least one infection at some point in their lives. Recurrences are common. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual intercourse and family history. Pyelonephritis, if it occurs, usually follows a bladder infection but may also result from a blood-borne infection. Diagnosis in young healthy women can be based on symptoms alone. In those with vague symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult because bacteria may be present without there being an infection. In complicated cases or if treatment has failed, a urine culture may be useful. In those with frequent infections, low dose antibiotics may be taken as a preventative measure.In uncomplicated cases, urinary tract infections are easily treated with a short course of antibiotics, although resistance to many of the antibiotics used to treat this condition is increasing. In complicated cases, a longer course or intravenous antibiotics may be needed, and if symptoms have not improved in two or three days, further diagnostic testing is needed. In women, urinary tract infections are the most common form of bacterial infection with 10% developing urinary tract infections yearly. In those who have bacteria or white blood cells in their urine but have no symptoms, antibiotics are generally not needed, although pregnant women are an exception to this recommendation.