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Urinary System Urinary System Functions • • • • • Remove salts and nitrogenous waste Maintain water and electrolyte concentration Regulate pH and volume of fluids Help control RBC production by secreting erythropoieten Made of – Kidneys-filtering units – Ureters-transport urine from kidney to bladder – Bladder-holds urine – Urethra-gets it out of the body Label your diagram. Kidney Function Remove metabolic waste from blood, dilute it with water and electrolytes to form urine Secrete erythropoeiten-control RBC production Activation of vitamin D Maintain blood volume and pressure Retroperitoneally located-behind parietal peritoneum; left slightly higher than right Kidney Structure Renal sinus-hollow chamber in the kidney Renal pelvis-funnel shaped sac ◦ Divided into major and minor calyces Small renal papillae project into minor calyces 2 major portions of the kidney ◦ Medulla-houses tubes leading to papillae ◦ Cortex-has functional unit of kidneys called nephrons Label the diagram on your sheet. Renal blood flow Renal arteries branch off the abdominal aorta ◦ These branch into smaller arterioles Afferent arteriole-leads to the nephron Renal vein leaves the kidney and attaches to the inferior vena cava Nephron-1 million nephrons per kidney • 2 parts – Renal corpuscle-filtering portion of the kidney • Glomerulus-ball of capillaries – Blood is filtered here – Capillaries have tiny openings called fenestrae to increase permeability • Glomerulus capsule (Bowman’s capsule) -surrounds the glomerulus – Receives the fluid the glomerulus filters – Renal tubule-tube that leaves the glomerulus capsule Label the diagram. Nephron blood supply • • • Afferent arterioles-lead into the capillaries of the glomerulus Efferent arterioles (smaller)-blood flows into these after filtration in the glomerulus Peritubular capillaries-efferent arterioles branch into these – Surround the renal tubule – Reabsorption and secretion here • Blood enters the venous system Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Cells that come in contact with the glomerulus • 3 parts • – Juxtaglomerular cells-smooth muscle cells • Contain renin (discuss later) – Tubule – Macula densa-densely packed epithelial cells • Come in contract with afferent and efferent arterioles – Help to determine blood pressure • Caused by stretch of cells in this area • http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/AP2204/AP2204.swf