Isotype-switched immunoglobulin G antibodies to HIV Gag proteins
... Plasma levels of IgG1 antibodies to p24, p51, p66, gp41 and gp120, IgG2 antibodies to gp41 and ADCC antibodies to gp140 Env protein did not differ between groups (p>0.42). We then interrogated the data for IgG1 anti-p18 and -p32 and IgG2 anti-p18 and -p24 (p< 0.16) to determine if there might be an ...
... Plasma levels of IgG1 antibodies to p24, p51, p66, gp41 and gp120, IgG2 antibodies to gp41 and ADCC antibodies to gp140 Env protein did not differ between groups (p>0.42). We then interrogated the data for IgG1 anti-p18 and -p32 and IgG2 anti-p18 and -p24 (p< 0.16) to determine if there might be an ...
Review Article Thyroid dysfunction: an autoimmune aspect
... triggers the cell mediated immunity and follicular cell death by apoptosis [15, 16]. The humoral response by Th2 increases B cell antibody production which results in activated antiapoptotic molecules resulting death of cytotoxic lymphocytes and infiltrating thyroid tissue. In GD cytokine production ...
... triggers the cell mediated immunity and follicular cell death by apoptosis [15, 16]. The humoral response by Th2 increases B cell antibody production which results in activated antiapoptotic molecules resulting death of cytotoxic lymphocytes and infiltrating thyroid tissue. In GD cytokine production ...
IBR/Pii The humoral immune response in cattle after Pasteurella haemolytica
... A multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) , para-influenza type-3 virus (PI 3 ) and the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A 1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and ...
... A multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) , para-influenza type-3 virus (PI 3 ) and the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A 1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and ...
Will There Ever Be An Accurate Test for Lyme Disease?
... subtle form of this morphogenic antigen variability, but it, too, like its cousins, is capable of changing its outward appearance like a criminal changing his disguise. Escaping the immune system is very important if you want to survive as a bacterium. Borrelia has several mechanisms to do this, but ...
... subtle form of this morphogenic antigen variability, but it, too, like its cousins, is capable of changing its outward appearance like a criminal changing his disguise. Escaping the immune system is very important if you want to survive as a bacterium. Borrelia has several mechanisms to do this, but ...
Primary Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity: Lessons From Human
... encodes a transcriptional repressor of T cells that is ‘necessary and sufficient’ for the normal development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the periphery (Fig. 1) [13]. IPEX is usually lethal in infancy unless treated with immunosuppression or bone marrow transplantation. An autoimmune disease i ...
... encodes a transcriptional repressor of T cells that is ‘necessary and sufficient’ for the normal development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the periphery (Fig. 1) [13]. IPEX is usually lethal in infancy unless treated with immunosuppression or bone marrow transplantation. An autoimmune disease i ...
Analytical challenges of antibody-drug conjugates
... • Like antibodies, ADCs are specifically taken up into cells via target antigens plus unspecifically via Fc and FcRn receptors (“on-target/off-target”). • Besides tumor targets cells, also non-tumor cells can take up ADCs: either * on-target due to tissue cross-reactivity or * off-target (low affini ...
... • Like antibodies, ADCs are specifically taken up into cells via target antigens plus unspecifically via Fc and FcRn receptors (“on-target/off-target”). • Besides tumor targets cells, also non-tumor cells can take up ADCs: either * on-target due to tissue cross-reactivity or * off-target (low affini ...
STUDIES ON THE IMMOBILIZATION ANTIGENS OF PARAMECIUM
... was incubated two to three hours at 37"C, and then to each was added two parts of antiserum diluted with buffered saline. The antiserum was 25 times as strong as the greatest dilution giving complete immobilization in one half hour. After five minutes the mixtures were diluted by adding 36 parts of ...
... was incubated two to three hours at 37"C, and then to each was added two parts of antiserum diluted with buffered saline. The antiserum was 25 times as strong as the greatest dilution giving complete immobilization in one half hour. After five minutes the mixtures were diluted by adding 36 parts of ...
22 It`s hard to name a thinker more important to shaping
... Jerne escaped unscathed and went on to serve as the chair of what was then the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine’s Department of Microbiology. In 1984, while director of the Basel Institute, he received the Nobel prize for his theories that jump-started the modern understanding of the immu ...
... Jerne escaped unscathed and went on to serve as the chair of what was then the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine’s Department of Microbiology. In 1984, while director of the Basel Institute, he received the Nobel prize for his theories that jump-started the modern understanding of the immu ...
Do bacteria have a role in asthma development? EDITORIAL
... exacerbations [9]. However, there are conflicting data from other studies. Therefore, GRAHAM et al. [10] concluded that there was insufficient evidence to favour treatment of acute asthma episodes with antibiotics. In addition, for the therapy of chronic asthma, treatment with macrolides has not con ...
... exacerbations [9]. However, there are conflicting data from other studies. Therefore, GRAHAM et al. [10] concluded that there was insufficient evidence to favour treatment of acute asthma episodes with antibiotics. In addition, for the therapy of chronic asthma, treatment with macrolides has not con ...
Immunogen, antigen, epitope, hapten
... By examining myoglobin one can see that the Ag’s seen by Bcells and T-cells are different. B-cells see a continuous or discontinuous series of amino acids; by some circumstance, amino acid residue 109 has never been a part of an epitope for any monoclonal antibody; yet residue 109 is always part of ...
... By examining myoglobin one can see that the Ag’s seen by Bcells and T-cells are different. B-cells see a continuous or discontinuous series of amino acids; by some circumstance, amino acid residue 109 has never been a part of an epitope for any monoclonal antibody; yet residue 109 is always part of ...
Clinical Case Conference
... Complications: Increased susceptibility to infection, especially oral candidiasis. Other issues include hyperglycemia, hypertension, peptic ulcers, and psychiatric disturbances including euphoria and depression. ...
... Complications: Increased susceptibility to infection, especially oral candidiasis. Other issues include hyperglycemia, hypertension, peptic ulcers, and psychiatric disturbances including euphoria and depression. ...
Autoimmune Publication - Beyond The Basics Health Academy
... the small intestine and tissue of the digestive system, but it also triggers responses in other tissue. The thyroid is a common secondary tissue since it is extremely biologically active. When the immune system goes specifically after the tissue and enzymes of the thyroid and antibodies are present, ...
... the small intestine and tissue of the digestive system, but it also triggers responses in other tissue. The thyroid is a common secondary tissue since it is extremely biologically active. When the immune system goes specifically after the tissue and enzymes of the thyroid and antibodies are present, ...
Assembled baculovirus-expressed human papillomavirus type 11
... VLPs. A recombinant baculovirus expressing the HPV-11 L1 protein was produced by recombination of wild-type baculovirus DNA with the transfer vector pVL1392 (Invitrogen) containing an HPV-11 L1 insert. HPV-11 DNA cloned from the Hershey isolate (Kreider et al., 1985) was digested with restriction en ...
... VLPs. A recombinant baculovirus expressing the HPV-11 L1 protein was produced by recombination of wild-type baculovirus DNA with the transfer vector pVL1392 (Invitrogen) containing an HPV-11 L1 insert. HPV-11 DNA cloned from the Hershey isolate (Kreider et al., 1985) was digested with restriction en ...
... by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody against the EBV latent membrane antigen [10]. It has been proposed that immunosuppression permits an uncontrolled proliferation of EBV-infected Blymphocytes resulting in an oligoclonal B-cell hyperplasia and, ultimately, in a monoclonal B-cell tumour [24] ...
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health hazard. Out
... test will help in early diagnosis leading to a reduction in mortality among children with tuberculosis and further transmission of this disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a potentially valuable technique and simple to perform. Crude as well purified forms of antigens of M. tubercu ...
... test will help in early diagnosis leading to a reduction in mortality among children with tuberculosis and further transmission of this disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a potentially valuable technique and simple to perform. Crude as well purified forms of antigens of M. tubercu ...
The immune system - Los Angeles Mission College
... foreign substances as antigens because before birth , these cells recognize all cells in the body as "self" and after birth , when foreign substances invade into tissues , lymphocytes would recognize them as "nonself" which activates immune responses. ...
... foreign substances as antigens because before birth , these cells recognize all cells in the body as "self" and after birth , when foreign substances invade into tissues , lymphocytes would recognize them as "nonself" which activates immune responses. ...
PURPOSE:
... 1.3.1 Clostridium difficile strains that produce high levels of toxin A also produce high levels of toxin B. Likewise, strains that produce low levels of toxin A produce low levels of toxin B, indicating that the toxin production may be regulated similarly. Tests that can detect either or both toxin ...
... 1.3.1 Clostridium difficile strains that produce high levels of toxin A also produce high levels of toxin B. Likewise, strains that produce low levels of toxin A produce low levels of toxin B, indicating that the toxin production may be regulated similarly. Tests that can detect either or both toxin ...
Principles of Transplantation
... • Usually occurs 4-7 days after transplantation but may subsequently occur due to withdrawal of medications • May occur through T-cells directly recognizing donor antigens with MHC molecules and releasing IL-2 with development of CD-4/8+ effector T-cells which cause antigen-specific damage to the gr ...
... • Usually occurs 4-7 days after transplantation but may subsequently occur due to withdrawal of medications • May occur through T-cells directly recognizing donor antigens with MHC molecules and releasing IL-2 with development of CD-4/8+ effector T-cells which cause antigen-specific damage to the gr ...
The Two Major Structural Phosphoproteins (pp65 and ppl50) of
... initial doses were injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously at six to eight sites with an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant (Sigma). The booster injections were given intramuscularly at monthly intervals using Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The rabbit preimmune and immune sera were teste ...
... initial doses were injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously at six to eight sites with an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant (Sigma). The booster injections were given intramuscularly at monthly intervals using Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The rabbit preimmune and immune sera were teste ...
Rheumatoid factors: what`s new?
... gliadin is a vital part of the autoimmune process [18]. Perhaps enzyme modification of self antigen may be a significant step in the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases. In the case of RA, the detection of agalactosyl immunoglobulins is a characteristic feature. The absent galactose within the F ...
... gliadin is a vital part of the autoimmune process [18]. Perhaps enzyme modification of self antigen may be a significant step in the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases. In the case of RA, the detection of agalactosyl immunoglobulins is a characteristic feature. The absent galactose within the F ...
Kirvan, et al (2003) Mimicry and Auto-antibody
... from a Sydenham chorea patient. Human hybridomas established from fusions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the K6H6/B5 cell line resulted in three monoclonal antibodies (24.3.1, 31.1.1 and 37.2.1) that reacted strongly with glutaraldehyde-fixed, whole-cell type 5 S. pyogenes18. Monoclonal ...
... from a Sydenham chorea patient. Human hybridomas established from fusions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the K6H6/B5 cell line resulted in three monoclonal antibodies (24.3.1, 31.1.1 and 37.2.1) that reacted strongly with glutaraldehyde-fixed, whole-cell type 5 S. pyogenes18. Monoclonal ...
Multiple Trypanosoma cruzi antigens containing tandemly repeated
... Uppsala, Sweden. Abbreviation: H2, human Chagasic serum. ...
... Uppsala, Sweden. Abbreviation: H2, human Chagasic serum. ...
Solid Organ Transplantation
... Immunosuppression: In addition to drugs, polyclonal sera are prepared by immunization of animals with human lymphocytes to produce anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS). ALS is used to treat the incidence of rejection or as induction therapy shortly after transplantation (Thymoglobulin). Furthermore, murine m ...
... Immunosuppression: In addition to drugs, polyclonal sera are prepared by immunization of animals with human lymphocytes to produce anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS). ALS is used to treat the incidence of rejection or as induction therapy shortly after transplantation (Thymoglobulin). Furthermore, murine m ...
Complex Correlates of Protection After Vaccination
... vaccine against the H5N1 virus was protective only if antibody was elicited in the lungs [23]. Th1 cell frequency correlated with serologic response to an H5N1 vaccine, but protection was not measured [24]. It is also well established that cytotoxic T-cell responses, both CD4+ and CD8+, are responsi ...
... vaccine against the H5N1 virus was protective only if antibody was elicited in the lungs [23]. Th1 cell frequency correlated with serologic response to an H5N1 vaccine, but protection was not measured [24]. It is also well established that cytotoxic T-cell responses, both CD4+ and CD8+, are responsi ...
Chapter 17: Immunization and Immune Testing
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.