Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Human Monocyte Cultures: Dose
... passages without any signs of the presence of DI particles. To investigate this possibility in the present virus preparations, 10-fold dilutions of virus, resulting in multiplicities similar to those used in monocyte cultures, were inoculated into cultures of human skin fibroblasts. No high multipli ...
... passages without any signs of the presence of DI particles. To investigate this possibility in the present virus preparations, 10-fold dilutions of virus, resulting in multiplicities similar to those used in monocyte cultures, were inoculated into cultures of human skin fibroblasts. No high multipli ...
Vir Hep 2
... Prolonged and severe jaundice period, less than during hepatitis A; 9. Often exacerbations, remissions and complications (reason may be hepatitis D infection); 10. Presence of expressed asthenic syndrome during all clinical periods of disease, prolonged post hepatic asthenia, sometime years and mor ...
... Prolonged and severe jaundice period, less than during hepatitis A; 9. Often exacerbations, remissions and complications (reason may be hepatitis D infection); 10. Presence of expressed asthenic syndrome during all clinical periods of disease, prolonged post hepatic asthenia, sometime years and mor ...
Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Innate Immune System
... NK cells have been considered to be major producers of IFN-γ in an early stage of infection. Studies with various microbes, including Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major, revealed that IL-12 derived from dendritic cells (DC) and activated macrophages stimulates NK cells to ...
... NK cells have been considered to be major producers of IFN-γ in an early stage of infection. Studies with various microbes, including Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major, revealed that IL-12 derived from dendritic cells (DC) and activated macrophages stimulates NK cells to ...
Viral Hepatitis
... periods of war.Outbreaks were recorded in Germany in 1692 and in the British Army in Flanders in 1743.Other epidemics occurred during Boer War in South Africa and in the Japanese Navy.This trend continued during the course of all subsequent ...
... periods of war.Outbreaks were recorded in Germany in 1692 and in the British Army in Flanders in 1743.Other epidemics occurred during Boer War in South Africa and in the Japanese Navy.This trend continued during the course of all subsequent ...
A system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoprotein
... the cell lysate was likely an immature form of GP. The virions from vector-transfected cells (VSVDG*) contained only internal proteins (N, P, and M, lane 6). Electron microscopy of partially purified virions revealed densely arrayed spikes on the envelopes of both VSVDG*ResGP and VSVDG*-G virions, b ...
... the cell lysate was likely an immature form of GP. The virions from vector-transfected cells (VSVDG*) contained only internal proteins (N, P, and M, lane 6). Electron microscopy of partially purified virions revealed densely arrayed spikes on the envelopes of both VSVDG*ResGP and VSVDG*-G virions, b ...
Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System
... Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Recognition of PAMPs by plasma membrane-localized TLRs, such as TLR4, TLR5, TLR11, and TLR2 (TLR2 forms a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6 to form a functional receptor complex) and endosomal-localized TLRs, such as TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, activates TLR signaling pathw ...
... Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Recognition of PAMPs by plasma membrane-localized TLRs, such as TLR4, TLR5, TLR11, and TLR2 (TLR2 forms a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6 to form a functional receptor complex) and endosomal-localized TLRs, such as TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, activates TLR signaling pathw ...
Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to ""interfere"" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, such as fever, muscle pain and ""flu-like symptoms"", are also caused by the production of IFNs and other cytokines.More than twenty distinct IFN genes and proteins have been identified in animals, including humans. They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes are important for fighting viral infections and for the regulation of the immune system.