Intangible Barriers to International Trade: A Sectoral
... trade would predict trade flows that are missing from actual observations. They argue that home bias in preferences may explain this ‘mystery of missing trade’. The missing trade flows might partly originate from alternative dimensions of distance in trade. These other dimensions of distance could i ...
... trade would predict trade flows that are missing from actual observations. They argue that home bias in preferences may explain this ‘mystery of missing trade’. The missing trade flows might partly originate from alternative dimensions of distance in trade. These other dimensions of distance could i ...
World Bank Document
... growth period extends back some twenty or thirty years. In addition, there are numerous other countries that are taking advantage of growing trade and financial links – both with developed and developing countries—to accelerate economic growth. In brief, the global economy has entered a period of mu ...
... growth period extends back some twenty or thirty years. In addition, there are numerous other countries that are taking advantage of growing trade and financial links – both with developed and developing countries—to accelerate economic growth. In brief, the global economy has entered a period of mu ...
Is the New Wine World more efficient? Factors
... data were only available for every fifth year, we estimated the missing values by interpolation, assuming that the change of the indicator was linear. The tradition of wine The tradition of wine is measured by the per capita consumption of wine. We assume that the permanent presence of wine in a cou ...
... data were only available for every fifth year, we estimated the missing values by interpolation, assuming that the change of the indicator was linear. The tradition of wine The tradition of wine is measured by the per capita consumption of wine. We assume that the permanent presence of wine in a cou ...
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... China, following their transition to market economies, illustrates such a policy principle (Vukina et al. 1999, World Bank 1997). For example, energy intensity in China decreased by 30 percent between 1985 and 1997. All these forces interact simultaneously, and their net effect has to be assessed em ...
... China, following their transition to market economies, illustrates such a policy principle (Vukina et al. 1999, World Bank 1997). For example, energy intensity in China decreased by 30 percent between 1985 and 1997. All these forces interact simultaneously, and their net effect has to be assessed em ...
The Economic and Social Effects of Financial Liberalization: Jayati Ghosh
... accumulation of foreign-exchange reserves, have turned to such measures as a means of reducing pressure on the exchange rate; c) Measures that allow foreign currency assets to be freely held and traded within the domestic economy (the “dollarization” of accounts). This is the most extreme form of ex ...
... accumulation of foreign-exchange reserves, have turned to such measures as a means of reducing pressure on the exchange rate; c) Measures that allow foreign currency assets to be freely held and traded within the domestic economy (the “dollarization” of accounts). This is the most extreme form of ex ...
Structural Development Accounting - UZH
... skill level and by endogenizing productivity. Among more recent contributions, the closest paper is Caselli and Coleman (2006), who also decompose income using the aggregate production function (1). There are two main di¤erences, however. First, they back out the pair (AL ; AH ) using data on input, ...
... skill level and by endogenizing productivity. Among more recent contributions, the closest paper is Caselli and Coleman (2006), who also decompose income using the aggregate production function (1). There are two main di¤erences, however. First, they back out the pair (AL ; AH ) using data on input, ...
HOW DO ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND
... ―jams‖ the signalling effects of relative prices (Friedman, 1977). This is particularly troublesome for those agents who undertake intertemporal allocation, namely entrepreneurs. Another relevant ―freedom variable‖ is the degree of openness to international trade and investment. Larger trade flows t ...
... ―jams‖ the signalling effects of relative prices (Friedman, 1977). This is particularly troublesome for those agents who undertake intertemporal allocation, namely entrepreneurs. Another relevant ―freedom variable‖ is the degree of openness to international trade and investment. Larger trade flows t ...
How much have exchange rate movements reduced
... Because the wine industry has become more globalized in the past two decades, and most countries now have flexible exchange rates, winemakers in most countries are highly exposed to exchange rate movements. They are affected by an appreciation or depreciation not only in their own country’s currency ...
... Because the wine industry has become more globalized in the past two decades, and most countries now have flexible exchange rates, winemakers in most countries are highly exposed to exchange rate movements. They are affected by an appreciation or depreciation not only in their own country’s currency ...
AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGGREGATE SUPPLY, AND MODERN
... According to the principle of comparative advantage, these states can benefit from trade. Washington should specialize in apples because they can produce 8 times as many apples as peaches and South Carolina should produce peaches because they can only produce 3 times as many apples as peaches. Revie ...
... According to the principle of comparative advantage, these states can benefit from trade. Washington should specialize in apples because they can produce 8 times as many apples as peaches and South Carolina should produce peaches because they can only produce 3 times as many apples as peaches. Revie ...
Country Size, International Trade, and Aggregate Fluctuations in
... share of firms that export and the relative size of the largest firms across countries. Our main results can be summarized as follows. First, the model endogenously generates a negative relationship between country size and aggregate volatility. The reason is that smaller countries will have a small ...
... share of firms that export and the relative size of the largest firms across countries. Our main results can be summarized as follows. First, the model endogenously generates a negative relationship between country size and aggregate volatility. The reason is that smaller countries will have a small ...
Impact of Globalization on Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries
... By the 1980s, the dynamics of globalization can be explained by broader and interacting movements such as innovation and institutional change which are both internal and external to the economies. Since 2000, the arrival of new players has amplified the trends at work and caused them to converge def ...
... By the 1980s, the dynamics of globalization can be explained by broader and interacting movements such as innovation and institutional change which are both internal and external to the economies. Since 2000, the arrival of new players has amplified the trends at work and caused them to converge def ...
Prospects for the UK economy - Learning and Work Institute England
... Taking into account relative positions of individual countries during the crisis (measured by unemployment rates and GDP pc) we estimate that: Spain, the UK and Ireland, as well as Italy became less attractive as destinations Germany and France, weathered the recession relatively well (especially as ...
... Taking into account relative positions of individual countries during the crisis (measured by unemployment rates and GDP pc) we estimate that: Spain, the UK and Ireland, as well as Italy became less attractive as destinations Germany and France, weathered the recession relatively well (especially as ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES David Hummels Peter J. Klenow
... The extensive margin for country 4 measures the fraction of world exports that occur in those market-categories in which country 4 exports. This extensive margin is a cross-country and export analogue of Feenstra's (1994) measure of import variety growth across time for a given country. Other things ...
... The extensive margin for country 4 measures the fraction of world exports that occur in those market-categories in which country 4 exports. This extensive margin is a cross-country and export analogue of Feenstra's (1994) measure of import variety growth across time for a given country. Other things ...
business clusters and the potential of the biotechnology sector in
... Lithuania since the fall of the Soviet Union. In 1975, the biotechnology firm Fermentas was a part of the former Institute of Applied Enzymology, which was a Soviet funded genetic research laboratory. After Lithuania’s independence, the firm began to operate independently, and began expanding operat ...
... Lithuania since the fall of the Soviet Union. In 1975, the biotechnology firm Fermentas was a part of the former Institute of Applied Enzymology, which was a Soviet funded genetic research laboratory. After Lithuania’s independence, the firm began to operate independently, and began expanding operat ...
The Growth of Nations - Brookings Institution
... population growth will have steady-state income 1.15 [(816)112] times the steady-state income of a country with 3 percent population growth. These calculations show the first defect of the neoclassical model: it does not predict the large differences in income observed in the real world. A compariso ...
... population growth will have steady-state income 1.15 [(816)112] times the steady-state income of a country with 3 percent population growth. These calculations show the first defect of the neoclassical model: it does not predict the large differences in income observed in the real world. A compariso ...
Andrzej Potocki
... expanded levels of trade and investment. As these worldwide structures grew more quickly than any transnational regulatory regime, the instability of the global financial infrastructure dramatically increased, as evidenced by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010. Economic - realization of a global comm ...
... expanded levels of trade and investment. As these worldwide structures grew more quickly than any transnational regulatory regime, the instability of the global financial infrastructure dramatically increased, as evidenced by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010. Economic - realization of a global comm ...
International Settlements
... The proposed benchmark settlement rates are based on the three components of international traffic costs identified by the ITU: transmission facilities, international switching facilities and national transport and termination. It suggests that the tariffed rate for long distance traffic be used for ...
... The proposed benchmark settlement rates are based on the three components of international traffic costs identified by the ITU: transmission facilities, international switching facilities and national transport and termination. It suggests that the tariffed rate for long distance traffic be used for ...
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table
... in the U.S., but it is not purely real since the vector of (reference) prices at which GDP is evaluated can change over time. Accordingly, the C variables are best-suited for comparisons across countries in a particular year. We prefix the second concept by R because it also holds prices constant ov ...
... in the U.S., but it is not purely real since the vector of (reference) prices at which GDP is evaluated can change over time. Accordingly, the C variables are best-suited for comparisons across countries in a particular year. We prefix the second concept by R because it also holds prices constant ov ...
the import restriction of horticultural product
... for horticultural products which came into force on 28 September 2012. This policy was postponement pending of Minister of Trade Regulation No. 30/M-DAG/PER/5/2012 on Horticulture Import Products, which was originally went into effect June 15, 2012. With this provision the government would close som ...
... for horticultural products which came into force on 28 September 2012. This policy was postponement pending of Minister of Trade Regulation No. 30/M-DAG/PER/5/2012 on Horticulture Import Products, which was originally went into effect June 15, 2012. With this provision the government would close som ...
Towards a strategy for a SACU – Mercosur FTA
... decisions within the transnational organisation of production. In terms of opportunities, based on comparison of South Africa’s exports to the rest of the world and the exports to Brazil, the main product areas are aluminium and articles thereof; aircraft; various chemical products and synthetic yar ...
... decisions within the transnational organisation of production. In terms of opportunities, based on comparison of South Africa’s exports to the rest of the world and the exports to Brazil, the main product areas are aluminium and articles thereof; aircraft; various chemical products and synthetic yar ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... when growth rates are calculated over different time periods, we observe that there was an acceleration in the increase in value added, particularly after 1968 (Chee 1982a). This spurt appears to coincide closely with the Malaysian government’s increasing use of tariff protection as an instrument to ...
... when growth rates are calculated over different time periods, we observe that there was an acceleration in the increase in value added, particularly after 1968 (Chee 1982a). This spurt appears to coincide closely with the Malaysian government’s increasing use of tariff protection as an instrument to ...
Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle Author(s
... trade. Applying our approachto 1993 data, we find that borders reduce trade between the United States and Canadaby 44 percent, while reducingtradeamong otherindustrializedcountries by 29 percent. While not negligible, we considerthese to be plausibly moderateimpacts of borderson internationaltrade. ...
... trade. Applying our approachto 1993 data, we find that borders reduce trade between the United States and Canadaby 44 percent, while reducingtradeamong otherindustrializedcountries by 29 percent. While not negligible, we considerthese to be plausibly moderateimpacts of borderson internationaltrade. ...
The Puzzle of the Missing Greek Exports
... transport and tourism-related services. The drop of around 10 percentage points since 1995 is in line with global trends and indicates an increasing integration into international value chains. In the following, we focus on the domestic VA content of Greek exports as our main objective is to assess ...
... transport and tourism-related services. The drop of around 10 percentage points since 1995 is in line with global trends and indicates an increasing integration into international value chains. In the following, we focus on the domestic VA content of Greek exports as our main objective is to assess ...
Let the aggregate production function at time t be set up as:
... Though the FDI inflows in the recent years have increased in Africa, there is an uneven distribution of FDI inflows in the region. Majority of the FDI inflows in Africa is allocated in North Africa, followed by Western Africa. While the share of FDI inflows of Southern African region is fluctuating, ...
... Though the FDI inflows in the recent years have increased in Africa, there is an uneven distribution of FDI inflows in the region. Majority of the FDI inflows in Africa is allocated in North Africa, followed by Western Africa. While the share of FDI inflows of Southern African region is fluctuating, ...
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... Production quotas in European Union agriculture are normally transferable between firms within the frontiers of each country, whilst there are practically fixed and not transferable between the different EU Member States. Economic literature has frequently underlined the dead weight loss that an ind ...
... Production quotas in European Union agriculture are normally transferable between firms within the frontiers of each country, whilst there are practically fixed and not transferable between the different EU Member States. Economic literature has frequently underlined the dead weight loss that an ind ...
International factor movements
In international economics, international factor movements are movements of labor, capital, and other factors of production between countries. International factor movements occur in three ways: immigration/emigration, capital transfers through international borrowing and lending, and foreign direct investment. International factor movements also raise political and social issues not present in trade in goods and services. Nations frequently restrict immigration, capital flows, and foreign direct investment.