17. The meninges of spinal cord and brain. The formation and ways
... the dura mater. It is a thick and tough membrane and contains channels for blood to come into the brain tissue. The one, closest to the brain and spinal cord, is called the pia mater. It is made of delicate ("pia") connective tissue with a rich supply of blood vessels. The finest middle meninges is ...
... the dura mater. It is a thick and tough membrane and contains channels for blood to come into the brain tissue. The one, closest to the brain and spinal cord, is called the pia mater. It is made of delicate ("pia") connective tissue with a rich supply of blood vessels. The finest middle meninges is ...
Cranial nerves
... Functions: General sensory (general somatic afferent) and branchial motor (special visceral efferent) to derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch. Nuclei: There are four trigeminal nuclei one motor and three sensory. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the largest cranial nerve. It emerges from the lateral ...
... Functions: General sensory (general somatic afferent) and branchial motor (special visceral efferent) to derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch. Nuclei: There are four trigeminal nuclei one motor and three sensory. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the largest cranial nerve. It emerges from the lateral ...
Spring 2002 3B
... 93) Choose the INCORRECT statement concerning the menisci of the knee. a) the medial meniscus is the one that is most commonly damaged b) the medial meniscus is semicircular in shape c) the lateral meniscus is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament d) the medial meniscus attaches to the medial ...
... 93) Choose the INCORRECT statement concerning the menisci of the knee. a) the medial meniscus is the one that is most commonly damaged b) the medial meniscus is semicircular in shape c) the lateral meniscus is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament d) the medial meniscus attaches to the medial ...
Spring 2002 3A
... 1) Choose the INCORRECT statement concerning the menisci of the knee. a) the medial meniscus is the one that is most commonly damaged b) the medial meniscus is semicircular in shape c) the lateral meniscus is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament d) the medial meniscus attaches to the medial c ...
... 1) Choose the INCORRECT statement concerning the menisci of the knee. a) the medial meniscus is the one that is most commonly damaged b) the medial meniscus is semicircular in shape c) the lateral meniscus is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament d) the medial meniscus attaches to the medial c ...
Brain Function of the Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Mid
... – nearly all sensory and motor signals to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in the thalamic nuclei (exception is olfaction) – filters information on its way to cerebral cortex // split signal to share signal with limbic structures – Ascending signal synapse in thalamus then two pathway continue ...
... – nearly all sensory and motor signals to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in the thalamic nuclei (exception is olfaction) – filters information on its way to cerebral cortex // split signal to share signal with limbic structures – Ascending signal synapse in thalamus then two pathway continue ...
Document
... • Most visceral organs have dual innervation • Dynamic antagonism allows for precise control of visceral activity – Sympathetic division increases heart and respiratory rates, and inhibits digestion and ...
... • Most visceral organs have dual innervation • Dynamic antagonism allows for precise control of visceral activity – Sympathetic division increases heart and respiratory rates, and inhibits digestion and ...
The Nervous System - Dr. Gerry Cronin
... • The central gray matter is made up of glial cells and nerve cell bodies • Projections of gray matter are called horns – Which extend out into the white matter ...
... • The central gray matter is made up of glial cells and nerve cell bodies • Projections of gray matter are called horns – Which extend out into the white matter ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... Somatic reflex—contraction of skeletal muscles Autonomic (visceral) reflex—either contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretion by glands ...
... Somatic reflex—contraction of skeletal muscles Autonomic (visceral) reflex—either contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretion by glands ...
Chapter 12 Notes
... In the cervical enlargement, which contains neurons involved with sensations and motor control of the upper limbs, the motor nuclei of the anterior gray horn are grouped by region, with motor neurons controlling flexor muscles medial to those controlling extensor muscles. ...
... In the cervical enlargement, which contains neurons involved with sensations and motor control of the upper limbs, the motor nuclei of the anterior gray horn are grouped by region, with motor neurons controlling flexor muscles medial to those controlling extensor muscles. ...
The functional Anatomy of the Cranial nerves
... Functions: General sensory (general somatic afferent) and branchial motor (special visceral efferent) to derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch. Nuclei: There are four trigeminal nuclei one motor and three sensory. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the largest cranial nerve. It emerges from the lateral ...
... Functions: General sensory (general somatic afferent) and branchial motor (special visceral efferent) to derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch. Nuclei: There are four trigeminal nuclei one motor and three sensory. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the largest cranial nerve. It emerges from the lateral ...
Cranial nerves
... Functions: Sensory (general somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, general visceral afferent), motor (special visceral efferent), and parasympathetic (general visceral efferent). Sensory from the inferior pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal organs. Sense of taste from the root of the t ...
... Functions: Sensory (general somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, general visceral afferent), motor (special visceral efferent), and parasympathetic (general visceral efferent). Sensory from the inferior pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal organs. Sense of taste from the root of the t ...
Treatment of the Dura for Concussion
... respira6on. Biomechanics of the Pons-Cord Tract and its Enveloping Structures: an Overview ...
... respira6on. Biomechanics of the Pons-Cord Tract and its Enveloping Structures: an Overview ...
Autonomic nervous system
... vertebral. In this region divided into medial and lateral branch. Medial branch –connect in two side and passes caudally in tail with middle coccigeal artery. In this uniting region there is ganglion called ganglion impars , also in pelvic part found sacral ganglion beside the ventral foramen of the ...
... vertebral. In this region divided into medial and lateral branch. Medial branch –connect in two side and passes caudally in tail with middle coccigeal artery. In this uniting region there is ganglion called ganglion impars , also in pelvic part found sacral ganglion beside the ventral foramen of the ...
Neuroanatomy Laboratory
... ipsilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle. This projection is relatively diffuse and reaches the entire cerebellum. The LRN receives its input from spinal neurons as well as descending input from the cortex and red nucleus. Neurons of the inferior olivary nuclei project to all parts of the contralate ...
... ipsilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle. This projection is relatively diffuse and reaches the entire cerebellum. The LRN receives its input from spinal neurons as well as descending input from the cortex and red nucleus. Neurons of the inferior olivary nuclei project to all parts of the contralate ...
Spinal Cord Tethering - Spina Bifida Association
... is found to be working, or for those who do not have a shunt, an MRI of the spine is performed. It is important to know that virtually every child with Spina Bida has evidence of tethering on the MRI. Untethering is therefore performed only if there are clinical signs or symptoms of deterioration. ...
... is found to be working, or for those who do not have a shunt, an MRI of the spine is performed. It is important to know that virtually every child with Spina Bida has evidence of tethering on the MRI. Untethering is therefore performed only if there are clinical signs or symptoms of deterioration. ...
T HE spinal cord extends the whole length of the vertebral canal and
... said above, passes, as is usually the case, without any line of demarcation into the spinal cord, the obex filling in the apex of the fourth ventricle at the anterior end of the median dorsal fissure. A lateral view of the brain is shown in Figure 30, C. The hemisphere, VH, is conical in outline, wi ...
... said above, passes, as is usually the case, without any line of demarcation into the spinal cord, the obex filling in the apex of the fourth ventricle at the anterior end of the median dorsal fissure. A lateral view of the brain is shown in Figure 30, C. The hemisphere, VH, is conical in outline, wi ...
Chapter 1, Introduction to Human Anatomy/physiology
... THE DORSAL (POSTERIOR) BODY CAVITY: is located near the back of the body. It is divided into TWO CAVITIES: CRANIAL CAVITY: Formed by the CRANIAL BONES; it houses the BRAIN. b. VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CAVITY: Formed by VERTEBRAE of the backbone, it contains SPINAL CORD, and ROOTS of SPINAL NERVES. a. ...
... THE DORSAL (POSTERIOR) BODY CAVITY: is located near the back of the body. It is divided into TWO CAVITIES: CRANIAL CAVITY: Formed by the CRANIAL BONES; it houses the BRAIN. b. VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CAVITY: Formed by VERTEBRAE of the backbone, it contains SPINAL CORD, and ROOTS of SPINAL NERVES. a. ...
Nervous System (NSP)
... cranial cavity. Dura is cut open at both sides to expose hemispheres It is to reveal the encapsulation of the brain by the dura. A brain is dissected from the cranial cavity. As required, by removing dura and keeping arachnoid mater at left side, it is to reveal vessels underneath. By removing both ...
... cranial cavity. Dura is cut open at both sides to expose hemispheres It is to reveal the encapsulation of the brain by the dura. A brain is dissected from the cranial cavity. As required, by removing dura and keeping arachnoid mater at left side, it is to reveal vessels underneath. By removing both ...
Nervous system notes
... • Identify the principal sensory and motor pathways, and explain how it is possible to distinguish among sensations that originate in different areas of the body. ...
... • Identify the principal sensory and motor pathways, and explain how it is possible to distinguish among sensations that originate in different areas of the body. ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... specialist recognizes the problem as meningitis, but the question is what caused it originally. How can that be cured? The loss of vision comes from swelling around the optic nerve, which probably presented as a bulge on the inside of the eye. Why is swelling related to meningitis going to push on t ...
... specialist recognizes the problem as meningitis, but the question is what caused it originally. How can that be cured? The loss of vision comes from swelling around the optic nerve, which probably presented as a bulge on the inside of the eye. Why is swelling related to meningitis going to push on t ...
13 The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
... The nervous system connects the organism with its environment (somatic nervous system) and its internal organs (autonomic or vegetative nervous system). The characteristics of the somatic nervous system are conscious sensation, voluntary movement, and rapid processing of information. The vegetative ...
... The nervous system connects the organism with its environment (somatic nervous system) and its internal organs (autonomic or vegetative nervous system). The characteristics of the somatic nervous system are conscious sensation, voluntary movement, and rapid processing of information. The vegetative ...
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract
... length of spinal cord, supplies axial muscles ▪ Lateral Group: exists in the 2 enlargements, supplies distal muscles ...
... length of spinal cord, supplies axial muscles ▪ Lateral Group: exists in the 2 enlargements, supplies distal muscles ...
Chapter 14 The Brain Stem
... process in which the brain learns to ignore repetitive, inconsequential stimuli while remaining sensitive to others ...
... process in which the brain learns to ignore repetitive, inconsequential stimuli while remaining sensitive to others ...
Preganglionic Neurons of the Sphenopalatine Ganglia Reside in the
... flow is mediated primarily by non-cholinergic fibers (5, 19, 36, 37) and is independent of glucose utilization (7). Therefore, the SPG is involved in regulation of the cortical and/or carotid arterial blood flows. The central location of preganglionic neurons that project to the SPG in cats (14, 15) ...
... flow is mediated primarily by non-cholinergic fibers (5, 19, 36, 37) and is independent of glucose utilization (7). Therefore, the SPG is involved in regulation of the cortical and/or carotid arterial blood flows. The central location of preganglionic neurons that project to the SPG in cats (14, 15) ...
Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal's body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals to and from different parts of its body. Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrate species it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory or afferent. Most nerves serve both functions and are called mixed nerves. The PNS is divided into a) somatic and b) autonomic nervous system, and c) the enteric nervous system. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves.At the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron, also known as a ""nerve cell"". Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly and precisely to other cells. They send these signals in the form of electrochemical waves traveling along thin fibers called axons, which cause chemicals called neurotransmitters to be released at junctions called synapses. A cell that receives a synaptic signal from a neuron may be excited, inhibited, or otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural circuits and also neural networks that generate an organism's perception of the world and determine its behavior. Along with neurons, the nervous system contains other specialized cells called glial cells (or simply glia), which provide structural and metabolic support.Nervous systems are found in most multicellular animals, but vary greatly in complexity. The only multicellular animals that have no nervous system at all are sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, which have very simple body plans. The nervous systems of the radially symmetric organisms ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (which include anemones, hydras, corals and jellyfish) consist of a diffuse nerve net. All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worm, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord (or two cords running in parallel), and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord. The size of the nervous system ranges from a few hundred cells in the simplest worms, to around 100 billion cells in humans.The central nervous system functions to send signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to others and to receive feedback. Malfunction of the nervous system can occur as a result of genetic defects, physical damage due to trauma or toxicity, infection or simply of ageing. The medical specialty of neurology studies disorders of the nervous system and looks for interventions that can prevent or treat them. In the peripheral nervous system, the most common problem is the failure of nerve conduction, which can be due to different causes including diabetic neuropathy and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Neuroscience is the field of science that focuses on the study of the nervous system.