Overview Editorial Board NeoPlus 2007
... The lack of a gag reflex in a newborn infant may indicate abnormalities of the neural pathways involving CN IX and CN X. Cranial nerve III, the oculomotor nerve, provides motor fibers to the striated muscles of four of the six extraocular muscles (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and ...
... The lack of a gag reflex in a newborn infant may indicate abnormalities of the neural pathways involving CN IX and CN X. Cranial nerve III, the oculomotor nerve, provides motor fibers to the striated muscles of four of the six extraocular muscles (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and ...
The Human Brain in Photographs and Diagrams
... Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord The spinal cord is perhaps the most simply arranged part of the CNS. Its basic structure, indicated in a schematic drawing of the eighth cervical segment (Figure 2–1), is the same at every level—a butterfly-shaped core of gray matter surrounded by white matter. ...
... Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord The spinal cord is perhaps the most simply arranged part of the CNS. Its basic structure, indicated in a schematic drawing of the eighth cervical segment (Figure 2–1), is the same at every level—a butterfly-shaped core of gray matter surrounded by white matter. ...
NBCE MOCK BOARD QUESTIONS SPINAL ANATOMY 1. What are
... A 58 year old man suffers an injury to the right shoulder during a biking accident. An AP radiograph of the left shoulder reveals a complete dislocation of the shoulder joint. The head of the humerus lies inferior and medial to the glenoid fossa. You perform a physical exam and determine the axillar ...
... A 58 year old man suffers an injury to the right shoulder during a biking accident. An AP radiograph of the left shoulder reveals a complete dislocation of the shoulder joint. The head of the humerus lies inferior and medial to the glenoid fossa. You perform a physical exam and determine the axillar ...
spinal nerves
... The central canal runs the entire length of the spinal cord, is contiguous with the brain and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...
... The central canal runs the entire length of the spinal cord, is contiguous with the brain and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...
TI-IJE YXRIPHERAL EERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE
... organism; first, actions i n relation to the external world (somatic), and second, internal activities having to do with the processes of nutrition, etc. (visceral). In each case there is the double activity on the part of the nervous system, sensory and motor, making in all four primary functional ...
... organism; first, actions i n relation to the external world (somatic), and second, internal activities having to do with the processes of nutrition, etc. (visceral). In each case there is the double activity on the part of the nervous system, sensory and motor, making in all four primary functional ...
Functions of the Nervous System: The Neuron
... and intelligence. Nerves from the eyes, ears, nose and skin bring sensory impulses to the cortex where they are interpreted, and appropriate voluntary movements are then initiated here. Different regions of the cortex are responsible for certain sensory and motor functions, for example, vision, hear ...
... and intelligence. Nerves from the eyes, ears, nose and skin bring sensory impulses to the cortex where they are interpreted, and appropriate voluntary movements are then initiated here. Different regions of the cortex are responsible for certain sensory and motor functions, for example, vision, hear ...
Ch 34, Nervous & Musculoskeletal
... Nervous System Disorders TBI - Traumatic Brain Injury Sudden trauma damages brain Spinal cord injuries likely Some permanent damage is likely Disability depends on severity of injury ...
... Nervous System Disorders TBI - Traumatic Brain Injury Sudden trauma damages brain Spinal cord injuries likely Some permanent damage is likely Disability depends on severity of injury ...
Anatomy Lecture 6 Stretch reflex: The doctor started by emphasizing
... - A noxious stimulus is any stimulus that is about to produce tissue damage. - How could the person move all limbs together? This could happen with the help of the Propriospinal Tract which connects and coordinates the movement between the upper and lower limbs. - If you gently stroke the belly, the ...
... - A noxious stimulus is any stimulus that is about to produce tissue damage. - How could the person move all limbs together? This could happen with the help of the Propriospinal Tract which connects and coordinates the movement between the upper and lower limbs. - If you gently stroke the belly, the ...
13-1 MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN FIGURE 13.1 and TABLE 13.1
... brainstem to the diencephalon or the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from the cerebellum also ascend through the brainstem. C. Descending nerve tracts from the cerebrum and diencephalon pass through the brainstem to the spinal cord, pass out cranial nerves, or extend to the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from th ...
... brainstem to the diencephalon or the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from the cerebellum also ascend through the brainstem. C. Descending nerve tracts from the cerebrum and diencephalon pass through the brainstem to the spinal cord, pass out cranial nerves, or extend to the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from th ...
13-1 MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN FIGURE 13.1 and TABLE 13.1
... brainstem to the diencephalon or the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from the cerebellum also ascend through the brainstem. C. Descending nerve tracts from the cerebrum and diencephalon pass through the brainstem to the spinal cord, pass out cranial nerves, or extend to the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from th ...
... brainstem to the diencephalon or the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from the cerebellum also ascend through the brainstem. C. Descending nerve tracts from the cerebrum and diencephalon pass through the brainstem to the spinal cord, pass out cranial nerves, or extend to the cerebellum. Nerve tracts from th ...
Tongji Univesity School of Medicine
... VII of segments S2-S4 spinal cord, and the neurons there are parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. 13. On the surface of the spinal cord, six long longitudinal grooves can be observed, the deep one is ____________ and a shallow one is __________, two pairs of lateral grooves are ___________ and ___ ...
... VII of segments S2-S4 spinal cord, and the neurons there are parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. 13. On the surface of the spinal cord, six long longitudinal grooves can be observed, the deep one is ____________ and a shallow one is __________, two pairs of lateral grooves are ___________ and ___ ...
PNS in the Nervous System - Sinoe Medical Association
... The bipolar cells are the primary sensory neurons of the visual pathway. They synapse with and either excite or inhibit the action potential firing rate of the secondary sensory neurons the ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells converge at the optic disc near the center of the retina t ...
... The bipolar cells are the primary sensory neurons of the visual pathway. They synapse with and either excite or inhibit the action potential firing rate of the secondary sensory neurons the ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells converge at the optic disc near the center of the retina t ...
Motor Components of the Cranial Nerves
... small cells. Tract-tracing methods have shown that the medial parts send out many long ascending and descending fibers, whereas the lateral small-celled part receives most of the afferents coming to the RF. Studies with the Golgi method give evidence of how complexly the RF is organized. The long as ...
... small cells. Tract-tracing methods have shown that the medial parts send out many long ascending and descending fibers, whereas the lateral small-celled part receives most of the afferents coming to the RF. Studies with the Golgi method give evidence of how complexly the RF is organized. The long as ...
Nervous Structure of the Spinal Cord of the Young
... fig. 25 shows a dorsal spinal nerve dividing into four branches. Two of these branches correspond to the median and the lateral branches of von Kupffer's account: but the other two run, one dorsally and the other dorsolaterally, quite clear of the myotome to reach the skin. His fig. 26 shows a motor ...
... fig. 25 shows a dorsal spinal nerve dividing into four branches. Two of these branches correspond to the median and the lateral branches of von Kupffer's account: but the other two run, one dorsally and the other dorsolaterally, quite clear of the myotome to reach the skin. His fig. 26 shows a motor ...
PERIPHERAL NERVE STRUCTURE - Straight A Nursing Student
... o Dorsal and Ventral Roots o Laterally they join to form spinal nerve, a short segment where the two roots meet. The spinal nerve is a MIXED NERVE. SPINAL NERVE has two major branches. o The DORSAL RAMUS is the smaller one. It supplies medial back muscles and the skin o The VENTRAL RAMUS is the larg ...
... o Dorsal and Ventral Roots o Laterally they join to form spinal nerve, a short segment where the two roots meet. The spinal nerve is a MIXED NERVE. SPINAL NERVE has two major branches. o The DORSAL RAMUS is the smaller one. It supplies medial back muscles and the skin o The VENTRAL RAMUS is the larg ...
The Visceral Nervous System
... largest, situated in front of transverse processes of C1~C3 vertebra Middle cervical ganglion: smallest, is at level of transverse processes of C6 vertebra Inferior cervical ganglion: situated at level of C7 vertebra, and may be fused with first thoracic ganglion to form cervicothoracic ganglion ...
... largest, situated in front of transverse processes of C1~C3 vertebra Middle cervical ganglion: smallest, is at level of transverse processes of C6 vertebra Inferior cervical ganglion: situated at level of C7 vertebra, and may be fused with first thoracic ganglion to form cervicothoracic ganglion ...
Anatomy of vertebrates` eyeball
... The complexity of the retina becomes simplified by appreciation of the fact that the retina is only three neurons deep. The first neuron, the photoreceptors (i.e. rods and cones), accounts for the outer layers, with each rod and cone having a sensory end organ (layer 9) lying outermost against pigme ...
... The complexity of the retina becomes simplified by appreciation of the fact that the retina is only three neurons deep. The first neuron, the photoreceptors (i.e. rods and cones), accounts for the outer layers, with each rod and cone having a sensory end organ (layer 9) lying outermost against pigme ...
Document
... 1) An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or 2) Sympathetic chains or 3) An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or 4) An axon may pass th ...
... 1) An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or 2) Sympathetic chains or 3) An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or 4) An axon may pass th ...
Chapter 14: Peripheral Nervous System
... Spinal Nerves Form Plexuses (Not T2 - T12) • Formed when the Ventral Rami of Several Spinal Nerves Exchange Fibers • (Fibers Recombine) to Form New Nerves that Supply Specific Areas ...
... Spinal Nerves Form Plexuses (Not T2 - T12) • Formed when the Ventral Rami of Several Spinal Nerves Exchange Fibers • (Fibers Recombine) to Form New Nerves that Supply Specific Areas ...
Brainstem II
... Spinal root: dorsolateral portion of ventral horn in cervical spinal cord (rostal portion SCM, caudaltrapezius) Exit cord between ventral and dorsal nerve rootlets, just dorsal to dentate ligament Ascend together into skull through foramen magnum exits via jugular foramen neck to supply SCM and ...
... Spinal root: dorsolateral portion of ventral horn in cervical spinal cord (rostal portion SCM, caudaltrapezius) Exit cord between ventral and dorsal nerve rootlets, just dorsal to dentate ligament Ascend together into skull through foramen magnum exits via jugular foramen neck to supply SCM and ...
Neuron II
... corresponding vertebral segment if the cord is only 40cm‐45cm long? Answer: Spinal nerves extend down to the appropriate vertebral segment forming the cauda equina This means cord segments and vertebral ...
... corresponding vertebral segment if the cord is only 40cm‐45cm long? Answer: Spinal nerves extend down to the appropriate vertebral segment forming the cauda equina This means cord segments and vertebral ...
SPINAL CORD -1
... The spinal veins form loose-knit plexuses in which there are an anterior and a posterior midline longitudinal vein, and on each side a pair of longitudinal veins posterior to the anterior and posterior nerve roots. These veins drain to the internal vertebral venous plexus, and thence via the extern ...
... The spinal veins form loose-knit plexuses in which there are an anterior and a posterior midline longitudinal vein, and on each side a pair of longitudinal veins posterior to the anterior and posterior nerve roots. These veins drain to the internal vertebral venous plexus, and thence via the extern ...
Протокол
... the tongue; a smoll quantity of the test substance is gently rubbed on one side of the tongue and the patient signals identification of the test substance before drawing the tongue into the mouth to prevent diffusion of the taste to the opposite side or to the posterior third of the tongue, thus obs ...
... the tongue; a smoll quantity of the test substance is gently rubbed on one side of the tongue and the patient signals identification of the test substance before drawing the tongue into the mouth to prevent diffusion of the taste to the opposite side or to the posterior third of the tongue, thus obs ...
Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal's body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals to and from different parts of its body. Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrate species it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory or afferent. Most nerves serve both functions and are called mixed nerves. The PNS is divided into a) somatic and b) autonomic nervous system, and c) the enteric nervous system. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves.At the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron, also known as a ""nerve cell"". Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly and precisely to other cells. They send these signals in the form of electrochemical waves traveling along thin fibers called axons, which cause chemicals called neurotransmitters to be released at junctions called synapses. A cell that receives a synaptic signal from a neuron may be excited, inhibited, or otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural circuits and also neural networks that generate an organism's perception of the world and determine its behavior. Along with neurons, the nervous system contains other specialized cells called glial cells (or simply glia), which provide structural and metabolic support.Nervous systems are found in most multicellular animals, but vary greatly in complexity. The only multicellular animals that have no nervous system at all are sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, which have very simple body plans. The nervous systems of the radially symmetric organisms ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (which include anemones, hydras, corals and jellyfish) consist of a diffuse nerve net. All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worm, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord (or two cords running in parallel), and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord. The size of the nervous system ranges from a few hundred cells in the simplest worms, to around 100 billion cells in humans.The central nervous system functions to send signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to others and to receive feedback. Malfunction of the nervous system can occur as a result of genetic defects, physical damage due to trauma or toxicity, infection or simply of ageing. The medical specialty of neurology studies disorders of the nervous system and looks for interventions that can prevent or treat them. In the peripheral nervous system, the most common problem is the failure of nerve conduction, which can be due to different causes including diabetic neuropathy and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Neuroscience is the field of science that focuses on the study of the nervous system.