2 m – 18. Pathways of CNS
... providing start-up and control of motor activity, the implementation of behavioral acts. Extrapyramidal paths provide the regulation of tonus and coordination of movements of muscles-flexor and muscles-extensor upper and lower extremities, coordination of movements of the respiratory muscles, liaise ...
... providing start-up and control of motor activity, the implementation of behavioral acts. Extrapyramidal paths provide the regulation of tonus and coordination of movements of muscles-flexor and muscles-extensor upper and lower extremities, coordination of movements of the respiratory muscles, liaise ...
Indicate structure that belongs to pelvis as a whole
... D. insertion. E. fixator. ANSWER: A The inguinal canal in patient is so wide that the internal organs extend from it. What is the upper wall of the inguinal canal? A. obliquus abdominis internus and transversus muscles B. fascia transversalis C. inguinal ligament D. aponeurosis of m. obliquus abdom ...
... D. insertion. E. fixator. ANSWER: A The inguinal canal in patient is so wide that the internal organs extend from it. What is the upper wall of the inguinal canal? A. obliquus abdominis internus and transversus muscles B. fascia transversalis C. inguinal ligament D. aponeurosis of m. obliquus abdom ...
Morphological Characteristics of the Developing Cranial Nerves and
... evaluate their developmental features to understand the evolution, not only of bony fishes, but also of tetrapods in general. Using Besters, commercially established hybrid sturgeons, the neural crest cell distribution pattern, mesodermal epithelium, and peripheral nerves were observed based on whol ...
... evaluate their developmental features to understand the evolution, not only of bony fishes, but also of tetrapods in general. Using Besters, commercially established hybrid sturgeons, the neural crest cell distribution pattern, mesodermal epithelium, and peripheral nerves were observed based on whol ...
Systemic Anatomy Exam III
... 44) Classify the neurons found in the greatest abundance in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. a) GSE b) GSA c) GVA d) SSA e) SVE 45) The spinal nerve is formed by the union of the __ and the ___. a) ventral horn, dorsal horn b) ventral rami, dorsal rami c) ventral root, dorsal root d) gray commis ...
... 44) Classify the neurons found in the greatest abundance in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. a) GSE b) GSA c) GVA d) SSA e) SVE 45) The spinal nerve is formed by the union of the __ and the ___. a) ventral horn, dorsal horn b) ventral rami, dorsal rami c) ventral root, dorsal root d) gray commis ...
Summer 2001 3A
... a) cell organelles b) cell membranes c) receptors d) myelinated axons e) DNA page 6, SA Exam III, Q.# 36-43 ...
... a) cell organelles b) cell membranes c) receptors d) myelinated axons e) DNA page 6, SA Exam III, Q.# 36-43 ...
electrical activity in the radial nerve cord and ampullae of sea urchins
... with the clear facilitation of the ampulla contractions. Facilitation may be taking place within the cord but in relatively few fibres, in which case the effect would not be recorded. The logarithmic decay of the potential suggests a purely electrotonic spread of the excitation along the nerve but t ...
... with the clear facilitation of the ampulla contractions. Facilitation may be taking place within the cord but in relatively few fibres, in which case the effect would not be recorded. The logarithmic decay of the potential suggests a purely electrotonic spread of the excitation along the nerve but t ...
The cerebellum. A
... (1) Globose-Emboliform-Rubral Pathway Axons of neurons in the globose and emboliform nuclei travel through the superior cerebellar peduncle and cross the midline to the opposite side in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles The fibers end by synapsing with cells of the contralateral r ...
... (1) Globose-Emboliform-Rubral Pathway Axons of neurons in the globose and emboliform nuclei travel through the superior cerebellar peduncle and cross the midline to the opposite side in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles The fibers end by synapsing with cells of the contralateral r ...
II. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TESTS
... CM Functions of the receptors: a) collection of information from the external environment b) collection of information from the internal environment c) generating of nerve impulses d) selection of collected information e) conduction of response reactions CM Functional classification of the neurons: ...
... CM Functions of the receptors: a) collection of information from the external environment b) collection of information from the internal environment c) generating of nerve impulses d) selection of collected information e) conduction of response reactions CM Functional classification of the neurons: ...
N.VAGUS Vagus nerve: superior ganglia (syn. jugular
... The vagus emerges from the brain stem at the medulla oblongata, between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. It exits the cranium through the jugular foramen together with the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves. Region The vagus nerve has two ganglia, the superior and inferior ganglia. ...
... The vagus emerges from the brain stem at the medulla oblongata, between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. It exits the cranium through the jugular foramen together with the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves. Region The vagus nerve has two ganglia, the superior and inferior ganglia. ...
Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis
... Mid-esophagus to anal verge Burn and crush not painful Stretch, over distension, traction are normally painful Spasm, isometric conditions, ischemia and inflammation painful ...
... Mid-esophagus to anal verge Burn and crush not painful Stretch, over distension, traction are normally painful Spasm, isometric conditions, ischemia and inflammation painful ...
Anatomical introduction.pptx
... (Source: Drake R. L. et al. Gray. Anatomia. Podręcznik dla studentów. Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2010 and Felten D.L et al. Atlas neuroanatomii i neurofizjologii Nettera, Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2007, with permission) ...
... (Source: Drake R. L. et al. Gray. Anatomia. Podręcznik dla studentów. Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2010 and Felten D.L et al. Atlas neuroanatomii i neurofizjologii Nettera, Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2007, with permission) ...
Dermatomes Anatomy Overview The surface of the skin is divided
... The 31 spine segments on each side give rise to 31 spinal nerves, which are composed of 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal spinal nerve. Dermatomes exist for each of these spinal nerves, except the first cervical spinal nerve. Sensory information from a specific dermatome i ...
... The 31 spine segments on each side give rise to 31 spinal nerves, which are composed of 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal spinal nerve. Dermatomes exist for each of these spinal nerves, except the first cervical spinal nerve. Sensory information from a specific dermatome i ...
Spinal nerve
... • Multiple spinal nerves may interweave into nerve plexus • Plexuses innervate body structures (limbs, neck, etc.) • Each body structure innervated by extensions from several nerves • damage to one nerve or one area of spine may not cause complete loss of sensation or ...
... • Multiple spinal nerves may interweave into nerve plexus • Plexuses innervate body structures (limbs, neck, etc.) • Each body structure innervated by extensions from several nerves • damage to one nerve or one area of spine may not cause complete loss of sensation or ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... F. adaptation - decreased sensitivity with repeat stimuli a. rapidly adapting - pressure, touch, smell b. slowly adapting - pain, position, blood chemicals G. afterimage - sensation even after stimulus is gone H. modality - distinct property of each sensation ...
... F. adaptation - decreased sensitivity with repeat stimuli a. rapidly adapting - pressure, touch, smell b. slowly adapting - pain, position, blood chemicals G. afterimage - sensation even after stimulus is gone H. modality - distinct property of each sensation ...
Spinal cord
... As they emerge from the intervertebral foramina, spinal nerves are divided into two rami: • posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves • anterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves Posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves supply nerve fibers to the: • synovial joints of the vertebral column, • ...
... As they emerge from the intervertebral foramina, spinal nerves are divided into two rami: • posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves • anterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves Posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves supply nerve fibers to the: • synovial joints of the vertebral column, • ...
20. PLACODES AND SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
... factors (e.g.Sox3) is lost. These neurons are larger than the more proximally located neural crestderived neurons in the ganglia of the branchiomeric cranial nerves (Fig. 20-4). The otic placode invaginates to give rise to the entire membranous labyrinth of the inner ear (cochlea, semicircular canal ...
... factors (e.g.Sox3) is lost. These neurons are larger than the more proximally located neural crestderived neurons in the ganglia of the branchiomeric cranial nerves (Fig. 20-4). The otic placode invaginates to give rise to the entire membranous labyrinth of the inner ear (cochlea, semicircular canal ...
methodological developments to practical classes on neurology for
... c. damage to the thoracical spinal cord d. lesion to the ventral tegmental area 10. Which of the following is indicative of a complete unilateral lesion of the dorsal column? a. intact vibratory sensation ipsilaterally below the level of the lesion b. ipsilateral loss of conscious proprioception bel ...
... c. damage to the thoracical spinal cord d. lesion to the ventral tegmental area 10. Which of the following is indicative of a complete unilateral lesion of the dorsal column? a. intact vibratory sensation ipsilaterally below the level of the lesion b. ipsilateral loss of conscious proprioception bel ...
SPINAL ANATOMY - Turk Norosirurji
... drumshaped body, and a posterior part, the vertebral or neural arch. These formed the vertebral foramen, through which the spinal cord passes. The vertebral arch consists of two supporting pedicles and two arched laminae. Seven processes arise from the vertebral arch of a typical vertebrae: one spin ...
... drumshaped body, and a posterior part, the vertebral or neural arch. These formed the vertebral foramen, through which the spinal cord passes. The vertebral arch consists of two supporting pedicles and two arched laminae. Seven processes arise from the vertebral arch of a typical vertebrae: one spin ...
No. 32
... It generally arises by two roots, which encircle the middle meningeal artery. It supplies the skin of the anterior surface of the auricle, the temporal region and the parotid gland. 2) The buccal nerve It supplies the skin over the buccinator and the mucus membrane lining its inner surface. 3) The l ...
... It generally arises by two roots, which encircle the middle meningeal artery. It supplies the skin of the anterior surface of the auricle, the temporal region and the parotid gland. 2) The buccal nerve It supplies the skin over the buccinator and the mucus membrane lining its inner surface. 3) The l ...
4 th Cranial nerve
... geniculate bodies and mid brain. d- The number of nerve fibers in the optic nerve is related to importance and activity of the visual system in particular species. 3rd Cranial nerve: Oculomotor nerves: aAre motor nerves to the ocular muscles and supply all the muscle of the eye except the obliqus do ...
... geniculate bodies and mid brain. d- The number of nerve fibers in the optic nerve is related to importance and activity of the visual system in particular species. 3rd Cranial nerve: Oculomotor nerves: aAre motor nerves to the ocular muscles and supply all the muscle of the eye except the obliqus do ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... • Development of the central nervous system • Neural tube • A hollow tube, closed at the rostral end, that forms from ectodermal tissue early in embryonic development; serves as the ______ of the central nervous system. ...
... • Development of the central nervous system • Neural tube • A hollow tube, closed at the rostral end, that forms from ectodermal tissue early in embryonic development; serves as the ______ of the central nervous system. ...
BIOL_218_MTX3_QA_101110.53
... Which of the following is the most common type of neurons in the central nervous system, and is exemplified by all the motor neurons that control skeletal muscle? A. anaxonic neurons B. multipolar neurons C. pseudounipolar neurons D. bipolar neurons ...
... Which of the following is the most common type of neurons in the central nervous system, and is exemplified by all the motor neurons that control skeletal muscle? A. anaxonic neurons B. multipolar neurons C. pseudounipolar neurons D. bipolar neurons ...
Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal's body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals to and from different parts of its body. Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrate species it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory or afferent. Most nerves serve both functions and are called mixed nerves. The PNS is divided into a) somatic and b) autonomic nervous system, and c) the enteric nervous system. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves.At the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron, also known as a ""nerve cell"". Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly and precisely to other cells. They send these signals in the form of electrochemical waves traveling along thin fibers called axons, which cause chemicals called neurotransmitters to be released at junctions called synapses. A cell that receives a synaptic signal from a neuron may be excited, inhibited, or otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural circuits and also neural networks that generate an organism's perception of the world and determine its behavior. Along with neurons, the nervous system contains other specialized cells called glial cells (or simply glia), which provide structural and metabolic support.Nervous systems are found in most multicellular animals, but vary greatly in complexity. The only multicellular animals that have no nervous system at all are sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, which have very simple body plans. The nervous systems of the radially symmetric organisms ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (which include anemones, hydras, corals and jellyfish) consist of a diffuse nerve net. All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worm, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord (or two cords running in parallel), and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord. The size of the nervous system ranges from a few hundred cells in the simplest worms, to around 100 billion cells in humans.The central nervous system functions to send signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to others and to receive feedback. Malfunction of the nervous system can occur as a result of genetic defects, physical damage due to trauma or toxicity, infection or simply of ageing. The medical specialty of neurology studies disorders of the nervous system and looks for interventions that can prevent or treat them. In the peripheral nervous system, the most common problem is the failure of nerve conduction, which can be due to different causes including diabetic neuropathy and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Neuroscience is the field of science that focuses on the study of the nervous system.