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Islam: Sunnis and Shiites - The Investigative Project on Terrorism
Islam: Sunnis and Shiites - The Investigative Project on Terrorism

... among some Shiites by the ritual of self-flagellation. As a minority that was often persecuted by Sunnis, Shiites found solace in the Ashura ritual, the telling of the martyrdom of Hussein and the moral lessons to be learned from it, which reinforced Shiite religious traditions and practices. Twelve ...
Islam: Sunnis and Shiites - The University of Maryland Francis King
Islam: Sunnis and Shiites - The University of Maryland Francis King

... among some Shiites by the ritual of self-flagellation. As a minority that was often persecuted by Sunnis, Shiites found solace in the Ashura ritual, the telling of the martyrdom of Hussein and the moral lessons to be learned from it, which reinforced Shiite religious traditions and practices. Twelve ...
CH10_Islam
CH10_Islam

... • Abu-Bakr and the next three elected caliphs—Umar, Uthman, and Ali—all had known Muhammad and supported his mission. • They used the Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions as guides to leadership. • For this, they are known as the “rightly guided” caliphs. • The region ruled by a caliph was called a calipha ...
Bim¥rist¥n (Hospital) in Islam - International Society for the History of
Bim¥rist¥n (Hospital) in Islam - International Society for the History of

... era, were not necessarily of Muslims contributions but from both Muslims and non-Muslims, Arab and non-Arabs. They are representative of important figures in building of various fields of medical arts throughout Muslim world under encouragement of many Muslim rulersphilanthropists. We may here recal ...
File
File

... The topic of Aisha is a very intriguing topic for me to research, her marriage to the legendary prophet Muhammad is historical yet controversial. She is known to his “child bride” one of the youngest women he married, there are some writings from Aisha herself which leaves her views on the nation o ...
Some Reflections on the Wahhabiyah Movement
Some Reflections on the Wahhabiyah Movement

... further cemented by an intermarriage between the two families (Troeller, p. 13). The Saudi-Wahhabi alliance seems to be a turning point through which the Wahhabi movement gained an official acceptance and confirmation from a strong dynasty that used religious authority of the Wahhabi doctrines as a ...
“Muhammad and the Caliphate,” Oxford History of Islam
“Muhammad and the Caliphate,” Oxford History of Islam

... that occupied the northern fringes of the peninsula, where it bordered on Syria and Mesopotamia, and may also have been current among some pastoral groups farther south, in northern and central Arabia itself. Judaism was similarly widespread; important Jewish communities existed in the string of oas ...
The Sunnis and The Shiites - Sheila T. Harty, Editor, Writer, Speaker
The Sunnis and The Shiites - Sheila T. Harty, Editor, Writer, Speaker

... he dramatic martyrdom of Husain, the hereditary claimant to the caliphate, galvanized Shiites as a political party.61 They opposed the rule of the caliphs, who were becoming absolute monarchs, which devout Muslims considered unIslamic.62 They believed that Islamic principles of a just society were m ...
Rise of Islam - World History
Rise of Islam - World History

... Abu Bakr became head of the state, chief judge, religious leader, military commander The region ruled over by the caliph is referred to as a “caliphate”. Rise of Islam ...
World History: Patterns of Interaction
World History: Patterns of Interaction

... 2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4 3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline 4. Click the Print button to print the ...
Islam - Assignment Point
Islam - Assignment Point

... • Much of the Koran revealed in the context of an all-out war imposed on early Muslims by the powerful city of Mecca, and many passages deal with the conduct of armed struggle.  While one finds "slay [enemies] wherever you find them!" (e.g., 4: 89), in almost every case it is followed by something ...
some common misconceptions about shi`ism - islam-usa
some common misconceptions about shi`ism - islam-usa

... Now when I give lectures on Islam to non-Muslims, one of the questions they always ask me is if I am Shia or Sunni.  I ask them if they know the difference.  They have no knowledge, other than what has been given to them by the media.  So they say Shias are the ones who are the militant version of I ...
With the help of first leader and prophet, Muhammad
With the help of first leader and prophet, Muhammad

... to the hills to pray and converse with himself about the problems with the people of Arabia. The problem was that Muhammad believed that the people of Arabia weren’t really going along with the Islamic religion in Mecca (or Makkah), where he lived. Then, one day when Muhammad came up to the hills ag ...
A Concise Summary of the Evolution of Islamic Law (Sharia) From its
A Concise Summary of the Evolution of Islamic Law (Sharia) From its

... enlarged realm, and whose converts soon greatly outnumbered the original Arab Muslim community. This circumstance created a new cultural and religiously defined dichotomy within the Muslim community. The Umayyad Arab ruling group ameliorated the problem by allowing non-Arab Muslims to attach themsel ...
WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer
WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer

... of the old Roman empire, and into Asia, Persia, and Mesopotamia. - A revolution against Umayyad leaders lead to the Abbasid dynasty. ...
chapter 9 • the worlds of islam: afro
chapter 9 • the worlds of islam: afro

... • For the first time a shared faith in Islam allowed the newly organized state to mobilize the military potential of the entire Arab population. • The Byzantine and Persian empires were weakened by decades of war with each other and by internal revolts. The two empires also underestimated the Arab t ...
Zul-Hijjah - Usmani Mosque
Zul-Hijjah - Usmani Mosque

... It has been stated in the Holy Qur'an, "By the dawn; By the ten nights (ie. the first ten days of the month of Zul-Hijjah), and by the even and the odd (of all the creations of Allah) and by night when it departs. There are indeed in them (the above oaths) sufficient proofs for men of understanding. ...
Chapter 13: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Chapter 13: The Expansive Realm of Islam

... Chapter 13: The Expansive Realm of Islam Nature of the Abbasid Dynasty • Diverse nature of administration (i.e. not exclusively Arab) • Militarily competent, but not bent on imperial expansion • Content to administer the empire they had inherited • Dar al-Islam (“House of Islam”) term used by Musli ...
`Abd Al-Malik Ibn Marwan and `Ubaydullah Bin Ziyad - Al
`Abd Al-Malik Ibn Marwan and `Ubaydullah Bin Ziyad - Al

... and the sons of Ali (a.s.). With this in mind he wrote to his governor Hajjaj that he should stop harassing the progeny of the Prophet. The reason for this change was that he had seen with his own eyes how, soon after Abu Sufyan's family had bloodied their hands in the slaughter of Ali's sons, their ...
Turkish Contributions to Scientific Work in Islam
Turkish Contributions to Scientific Work in Islam

... scene of his activities from the city of Mecca to Medina. The Prophet died ten years later, but before 650 CE the Muslims had managed to conquer Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia, and in these rapid conquests religious faith had served remarkably as a motive power for building a gigantic empire. ...
The Sunnis and The Shiites - Sheila T. Harty, Editor, Writer, Speaker
The Sunnis and The Shiites - Sheila T. Harty, Editor, Writer, Speaker

... Damascus from Medina was another loss to orthodox Islam. 77 Ali’s transfer of his capital from Medina to Kufa brought Shiism support from local Iraqis. 78 Many of the more extreme Shiites were converts. 79 Ironically, they brought religious ideas to Shiism from their Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastri ...
The Prophet Muhammad
The Prophet Muhammad

... Islam are called Muslims (those who surrender to ...
Glossary of Terms Related to Islam and Muslim Communities in Inter
Glossary of Terms Related to Islam and Muslim Communities in Inter

... The Qur’an, while predicting perdition for those who practice what it calls idolatry and rejection of God, at the same time contains passages that acknowledge the existence of groups outside of Muhammad’s community which possess religious scriptures and which believe in God. The Qur’an specifies Jew ...
Islam`s Historical Background Introduction
Islam`s Historical Background Introduction

... ‘Caliph’, the English form of Arabic word Khalifa, short for Khalifatu Rasulil-lah, meaning “Successor to the Messenger of God.” ...
What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?
What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

... Hussein’s death at Karbala. There has never been a clash between the Shia and Sunni on the scale of the Thirty Y ears War, which saw Christian sects fight each other in 17th-century Europe with great loss of life. This is partly because the Shias, ever mindful of their minority status, retreated. Th ...
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History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the religion of Islam and its adherents, Muslims. ""Muslim"" is an Arabic word meaning ""one who submits to God"". Muslims and their religion have greatly impacted the political, economic, and military history of the Old World, especially the Middle East, where its roots lie. Because of the absence of historical and archaeological record non-Muslims understand Islam to have originated in Mecca and Medina. Beginning in the 7th century the Islamic world expanded to include people of the Islamic civilization, while consuming non-Muslims living in that civilisation.A century after the death of last Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Islamic empire extended from Al-Andalus (Spain) in the west to Indus in the east. The subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids, Ajuuraan, Adal and Warsangali in Somalia, Mughals in India and Safavids in Persia and Ottomans were among the influential and distinguished powers in the world. The Islamic civilization gave rise to many centers of culture and science and produced notable scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, nurses and philosophers during the Golden Age of Islam. Technology flourished; there was investment in economic infrastructure, such as irrigation systems and canals; and the importance of reading the Qur'an produced a comparatively high level of literacy in the general populace.In the later Middle Ages, destructive Mongol invasions from the East, and the loss of population in the Black Death, greatly weakened the traditional centre of the Islamic world, stretching from Persia to Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire was able to conquer most Arabic-speaking areas, creating an Islamic world power again, although one that was unable to master the challenges of the Early Modern period.Later, in modern history (18th and 19th centuries), many Islamic regions fell under the influence of European Great Powers. After the First World War, Ottoman territories (a Central Powers member) were partitioned into several nations under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres.
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