PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... acceleration-induced concentration gradients on altering the average hydrodynamic profiles in an ICF plasma by greatly reducing and possibly reversing the direction of conductive heat flow for a mixed species ablator - such as CH. The atomic mixing of fuel and shell material resulting from hydrodyna ...
... acceleration-induced concentration gradients on altering the average hydrodynamic profiles in an ICF plasma by greatly reducing and possibly reversing the direction of conductive heat flow for a mixed species ablator - such as CH. The atomic mixing of fuel and shell material resulting from hydrodyna ...
Design and Sizing of Solar Thermal Power Plant (STPP
... A shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside ...
... A shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside ...
experiment 3
... the years the term has come to be used also in referring to the alkaline hydrolysis of any type of ester. The saponification of ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5 + OH- CH3COO- + C2H5OH ...
... the years the term has come to be used also in referring to the alkaline hydrolysis of any type of ester. The saponification of ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5 + OH- CH3COO- + C2H5OH ...
The Physical Chemistry, Theory and Technique of
... mOsm of solute, but A contains one kind and B contains another. The solute in A may diffuse into B, but the solute in B may not diffuse into A. Or, the solute in A may diffuse faster than the solute in B. In either case, there will be at least some time during which the two solutions will not be iso ...
... mOsm of solute, but A contains one kind and B contains another. The solute in A may diffuse into B, but the solute in B may not diffuse into A. Or, the solute in A may diffuse faster than the solute in B. In either case, there will be at least some time during which the two solutions will not be iso ...
the hybrid fridge
... introduced to explain the principle of operation and the refrigeration cycle. Further, an advanced model is presented that takes care of refrigerant rectification necessary to make the system practical and more efficient. A thermodynamic analysis is carried out for the whole system by taking flow ac ...
... introduced to explain the principle of operation and the refrigeration cycle. Further, an advanced model is presented that takes care of refrigerant rectification necessary to make the system practical and more efficient. A thermodynamic analysis is carried out for the whole system by taking flow ac ...
Mid-Semester Paper
... recent functional, anatomical, and imaging findings in the brain that indicate pain is generated by specific sensory channels that ascend in a central homeostatic afferent pathway. These findings suggest the human feeling of pain is not only a sensation but also a motivator--rather, pain is an emot ...
... recent functional, anatomical, and imaging findings in the brain that indicate pain is generated by specific sensory channels that ascend in a central homeostatic afferent pathway. These findings suggest the human feeling of pain is not only a sensation but also a motivator--rather, pain is an emot ...
heat
... During a chemical reaction, a substance is transformed into another substance with a different amount of chemical potential energy. When you buy gasoline, you are actually buying the stored potential energy it contains. The controlled explosions of the gasoline in a car’s engine transform the potent ...
... During a chemical reaction, a substance is transformed into another substance with a different amount of chemical potential energy. When you buy gasoline, you are actually buying the stored potential energy it contains. The controlled explosions of the gasoline in a car’s engine transform the potent ...
Document
... dimensional numbers and validate the design space for larger scales with less experiments compared to DOE approach. ...
... dimensional numbers and validate the design space for larger scales with less experiments compared to DOE approach. ...
The first and second law of Thermodynamics - Ole Witt
... In the figure above is shown a machine M, which does the work W. The machine consumes the heat Q1 at temperature T1, and let out the heat Q2 at temperature T2 , performing the work W. Assuming that W > Wrev , we intend to show that it leads to a contradiction to the second, law in the Kelvin-Planck ...
... In the figure above is shown a machine M, which does the work W. The machine consumes the heat Q1 at temperature T1, and let out the heat Q2 at temperature T2 , performing the work W. Assuming that W > Wrev , we intend to show that it leads to a contradiction to the second, law in the Kelvin-Planck ...
Countercurrent exchange
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or any combination of those. For example, in a distillation column, the vapors bubble up through the downward flowing liquid while exchanging both heat and mass.The maximum amount of heat or mass transfer that can be obtained is higher with countercurrent than co-current (parallel) exchange because countercurrent maintains a slowly declining difference or gradient (usually temperature or concentration difference). In cocurrent exchange the initial gradient is higher but falls off quickly, leading to wasted potential. For example, in the diagram at the right, the fluid being heated (exiting top) has a higher exiting temperature than the cooled fluid (exiting bottom) that was used for heating. With cocurrent or parallel exchange the heated and cooled fluids can only approach one another. The result is that countercurrent exchange can achieve a greater amount of heat or mass transfer than parallel under otherwise similar conditions. See: flow arrangement.Countercurrent exchange when set up in a circuit or loop can be used for building up concentrations, heat, or other properties of flowing liquids. Specifically when set up in a loop with a buffering liquid between the incoming and outgoing fluid running in a circuit, and with active transport pumps on the outgoing fluid's tubes, the system is called a Countercurrent multiplier, enabling a multiplied effect of many small pumps to gradually build up a large concentration in the buffer liquid.Other countercurrent exchange circuits where the incoming and outgoing fluids touch each other are used for retaining a high concentration of a dissolved substance or for retaining heat, or for allowing the external buildup of the heat or concentration at one point in the system.Countercurrent exchange circuits or loops are found extensively in nature, specifically in biologic systems. In vertebrates, they are called a Rete mirabile, originally the name of an organ in fish gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. It is mimicked in industrial systems. Countercurrent exchange is a key concept in chemical engineering thermodynamics and manufacturing processes, for example in extracting sucrose from sugar beet roots.Countercurrent multiplication is a similar but different concept where liquid moves in a loop followed by a long length of movement in opposite directions with an intermediate zone. The tube leading to the loop passively building up a gradient of heat (or cooling) or solvent concentration while the returning tube has a constant small pumping action all along it, so that a gradual intensification of the heat or concentration is created towards the loop. Countercurrent multiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs.