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Put ESTAR in its PLACE and everything else is SER!
Put ESTAR in its PLACE and everything else is SER!

... plural (les), and yet another one (se) that can be used for both! Nevertheless, the 'se' form is used only when the direct object pronoun is also used for reasons that seem to be primarily aesthetic (such as the use of the 'n' with the indefinite article in English: "an apple" vs. "a apple"). Althou ...
Name that Verb
Name that Verb

... When you see an "ing" verb such as "running", be on the lookout for a helping verb also. We are watching a movie today. A sentence may contain up to three helping verbs to the main verb. An example would be: The dog must have been chasing the cat. The helping verbs are: must, have, and been; the ma ...
Svan and its speakers. Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal [NB: This
Svan and its speakers. Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal [NB: This

... lacks /v/ as a distinct phoneme, but it has /w/. Zhghent’i [1949: 141-148] reports having detected a distinct voiced uvular phoneme /G/, in a couple of dozen lexemes (many of them expressive); e.g. G eh (name of edible alpine plant), Z&Gwläp’ ‘sound of someone walking in slush’. None of the speakers ...
Les pronoms interrogatifs
Les pronoms interrogatifs

... Notice that the direct object ("objet direct") and object of a preposition ("objet d'une préposition") forms of these pronouns use either "est-ce que" or "inversion" [never both at the same time], but that the subject forms do not ("Qui" as subject is directly followed by a verb, and "Que" is combin ...
FREN 1101 (Stephenson)
FREN 1101 (Stephenson)

... Notice that the direct object ("objet direct") and object of a preposition ("objet d'une préposition") forms of these pronouns use either "est-ce que" or "inversion" [never both at the same time], but that the subject forms do not ("Qui" as subject is directly followed by a verb, and "Que" is combin ...
PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 1. Introduction
PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 1. Introduction

... In short, clitics never occupy the same syntactic position as strong forms: they are X0 elements (heads) that attach to another X0 element, while strong pronouns are free-standing constituents which have the distribution of DPs. In Romanian, clitics are canonically hosted by the inflected verb. Marg ...
An algebraic approach to French sentence structure
An algebraic approach to French sentence structure

... from “classical bilinear logic”, as proposed by Claudia Casadio, but at the cost of making computations more difficult. For a more thorough discussion of this question, see the article “A tale of four grammars”, to appear in Studia Logica. The referee also raises the question of how to block such se ...
RHETORICAL SKILLS ••••i
RHETORICAL SKILLS ••••i

... Non-coordinate adjectives have a special relationship with the nouns they modify. To some degree, they create a word group that itself is modified. They should not he preceded by commas. EXAMPLE: ...
Identitate românească în context balcanic
Identitate românească în context balcanic

... not accidental that next to these gates we find until today Aromanian settlements (guarding places). And it is not at all surprising the fact that Aromanians from all researched areas show a lively Romance and Romanian awareness. This finding has been put forth before on another occasion, when prese ...
Unit 3 - I blog di Unica
Unit 3 - I blog di Unica

...  an African elephant, an elephant, an Indian elephant, an old car, an umbrella BUT sometimes the initial u is pronounced /ʌ/ (an uncle, an ugly man), sometimes it is pronounced /ju:/ (a union, a university). ...
Draft for M. Rappaport Hovav, E. Doron, and I. Sichel (ed). Syntax
Draft for M. Rappaport Hovav, E. Doron, and I. Sichel (ed). Syntax

... that the events must constitute a coherent semantic frame. A verb can designate subevents that are not causally related, and a verb can specify both manner and result, but it must constitute an established semantic frame. When a verb meaning is combined with a meaningful argument structure construct ...
an introduction to english syntax for czech students
an introduction to english syntax for czech students

... conversation is thus seen as a sequence of turn-taking when one person talks at a time so a turn ends when the speaker changes. From the communicative point of view, a sentence finds its counterpart in a parallel term of an utterance. The sentence refers to grammatically complete units treated purel ...
Index: Participial postmodification in NP
Index: Participial postmodification in NP

... o none: None are so blind as those who won’t see. Predicator in singular: o subjects joined by or or by the correlative conjunctions: either... or, neither...nor, not only... but: John or Mary is going to settle the affair. o with conjunction as well as, no less then: I as well as they am ready to h ...
Types of Subordinate Clauses DIRECTECTIONS: Read through this
Types of Subordinate Clauses DIRECTECTIONS: Read through this

... B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying. When a complex sentence begins with ...
what does the greek first class conditional imply? gricean
what does the greek first class conditional imply? gricean

... II. NOTATIONAL CONVENTION ...
An algebraic approach to French sentence structure
An algebraic approach to French sentence structure

... Referee 2 wants to know the limitations of our approach and whether it also applies to other languages. The approach has been applied to English, German and Italian. Admittedly, these are all Indo-European languages, but first steps are being taken to look at some non-IndoEuropean languages as well ...
Lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
Lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... inflex. var.: 0 ...
Mastering Modifiers
Mastering Modifiers

... Children who exercise rarely are obese. Why is this an example of a Two-way Modifier? In this case “rarely” can describe how often they exercise or how often they are obese. It is a subtle difference, but it is a difference. Correction: Children who rarely exercise are obese. Correction: Children wh ...
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project

... By contrast, when there is used adverbially, it receives at least some stress and does not trigger inversion. EXAMPLES: There/RB, a party was in progress. There/RB, a melee ensued. Existential and adverbial there can both occur together in the same sentence. EXAMPLE: ...
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object

... gathered is at least enough to provide guidelines which may help to inform and possibly resolve the three issues. Solution Proper In dealing with each of the three issues, some guidelines or principles that have been derived from the study are first set forth, and then some of the exegetically signi ...
Practice 1
Practice 1

... They scrapped, scrambled, and hustled but refused to quit. They also add more elements as objects of a verb: S ...
Revised 08-27-08 Sentence variety exercise 1 Coordinating
Revised 08-27-08 Sentence variety exercise 1 Coordinating

... They scrapped, scrambled, and hustled but refused to quit. They also add more elements as objects of a verb: S ...
The Welsh Vocabulary Builder 1
The Welsh Vocabulary Builder 1

... homonyms by part of speech as much as I could. In Welsh, there is some overlap between adjectives and adverbs, and between verbs and nouns. In a few cases, it was not possible to distinguish homonyms for the same part of speech. The top 500 words comprise 75% of the entire set, so that if you learn ...
sentence and clause - Professor Flavia Cunha
sentence and clause - Professor Flavia Cunha

... b) Is the style formal or informal? If informal, the preposition is likely to come at the end of its clause, even in written English. There are, however, two other considerations, which concern the way in which the preposition functions: a) Verb + preposition combinations such as take after(= resemb ...
Textbook - public.asu.edu
Textbook - public.asu.edu

... the focus is on the mind of the language learner/user (the competence) and ceases to be on the structures present in the language produced (the performance). Thus, children do not imitate what they hear but come up with their own system; see the difficulties this leads to in Figure ...
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Modern Greek grammar



The grammar of Standard Modern Greek, as spoken in present-day Greece and Cyprus, is basically that of Demotic Greek, but it has also assimilated certain elements of Katharevousa, the archaic, learned variety of Greek imitating Classical Greek forms, which used to be the official language of Greece through much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Modern Greek grammar has preserved many features of Ancient Greek, but has also undergone changes in a similar direction as many other modern Indo-European languages, from more synthetic to more analytic structures.
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