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An Analysis of the Howard Hughes Corporation
An Analysis of the Howard Hughes Corporation

... Vegas strip, in walking distance of the key attractions • In 2007, North Vegas Strip land sold for $34M/acre • Wynn, Trump International, The Palazzo, The Venetian – all have easy access to Fashion Show • We can say with confidence that this asset is worth much more than its carrying value of $0! ...
Long-Term Analysis Conquers Wrong Turn Paralysis
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... important to note that not all performance is attributable to a ‘single factor’. Just as French and Fama have since found that there are at least five factors that influence performance (size, value, market risk, profitability, investment, and possibly a sixth as Cliff Asness - Fama’s student - want ...
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PDF

... goods may accelerate or slow growth by shifting resources among alternative productive uses. The model set out below pursues this line of analysis, showing that a pure expansion of opportunities for trade across states of nature may itself promote resource reallocations favorable to long-term econom ...
Valuation: Introduction
Valuation: Introduction

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A REHABILITATION OF STOCHASTIC DISCOUNT FACTOR METHODOLOGY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A REHABILITATION OF STOCHASTIC DISCOUNT FACTOR METHODOLOGY

... Kan and Zhou (1999) compare the “stochastic discount factor” (SDF) methodology, using GMM, to a “traditional” maximum likelihood estimate and test, applied to the static linear CAPM with i.i.d. normal returns. They conclude that the SDF methodology performs much worse than the traditional estimate a ...
the use of portfolio credit risk models in central banks
the use of portfolio credit risk models in central banks

... risk models for reasons unrelated to their investments, notably in their capacity as bank supervisors or for market surveillance. Only a few central banks have practical experience with credit risk modelling, but many others are testing or implementing systems. Of those represented in the task force ...
Asset Pricing with Return Asymmetries: Theory
Asset Pricing with Return Asymmetries: Theory

... of high aggregate marginal utility. When the market portfolio is negatively skewed, which indicates that it offers large negative returns more often than large positive returns, investors may prefer to hold assets with high idiosyncratic asymmetry because they cannot obtain positive skewness in their ...
Risk Sharing between Banks and Markets
Risk Sharing between Banks and Markets

... insurance contracts). First-loss positions have been shown to be optimal arrangements in a number of papers, including Arrow (1971), Townsend (1979), and Gale and Hellwig (1985). Riddiough (1997) shows that splitting (tranching) the portfolio payoff into a risk-free security, which is not subject to ...
Cumulative Prospect Theory, Aggregation, and Pricing
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... a complete market is insufficient to guarantee that the set of efficient portfolios is convex, as is guaranteed for risk-averse investors who use objective probabilities. This means that there may be no representative agent who holds the average or market portfolio. Unfortunately, a representative i ...
MICROECONOMIC THEORY
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Dynamic Portfolio Execution - Jacobs Levy Center
Dynamic Portfolio Execution - Jacobs Levy Center

corporate finance may 2013 - Institute of Bankers in Malawi
corporate finance may 2013 - Institute of Bankers in Malawi

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... • To approximate the standard deviation use random sampling • If CFs are highly correlated over time – The risk of a project will be greater than if they are mutually independent • Degree of dependence of CFs is important ...
US Equities: Light at the End of the Tunnel
US Equities: Light at the End of the Tunnel

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... of the period of interest. Then again, both X and Y are zero with high probability, but have possibly long left tails on the negative half-line. If the probability of a zero payout is close enough to 1, VaR is zero for each option separately, but may be positive for their sum. ...
Loss Aversion and Incentives Omission Bias Evaluating Talent
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Integrated Approach to Managing Risk and
Integrated Approach to Managing Risk and

... managing trading floor risks, it has many limitations for managing the risks of a structural balance sheet. For example, consider the treasury function. Such monitoring the risk can be used for position management but it is not used for structural balance sheet management, formulating funding strat ...
Alternative risk premia investing: from theory to practice
Alternative risk premia investing: from theory to practice

... classes. Meanwhile, several studies have shown that momentum investing can be exploited in a cross-asset setting, reproducing the returns offered by trend-following strategies. These strategies are part of the family of alternative risk premia. The case for alternative risk premia Alternative risk p ...
Understanding Your Choices - FieldNet
Understanding Your Choices - FieldNet

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... Price volatility of a security thirty years ago hardly seems relevant today). On the other hand, longer-term returns such as those computed on a monthly or annual basis will more closely follow a normal distribution than returns computed on a daily or shorter-term basis. This is a highly desirable q ...
PRICING AND HEDGING OF SWAPTIONS∗
PRICING AND HEDGING OF SWAPTIONS∗

... occurring at time t+∆t. Cashflows on both sides coinciding would mean the net value being paid to the beneficiary. Swaps are particularly useful in the restructuring of risk in an investment. Eventual interest rate risks can be hedged away with swaps. It is for this reason that swaps have become so ...
Dynamic Volatility Targeting
Dynamic Volatility Targeting

... asset falls, but more importantly, the rate of the increase in the price of puts increases as the price of the underlying asset falls. Conversely, the rate of the decrease in the price of puts decreases as the price of the underlying asset rises. This characteristic is unique to a long options posit ...
Characterizing world market integration through time
Characterizing world market integration through time

... portfolio, and Re is the vector of returns on all securities that can be bought by all investors irrespective of their nationality. Thus, the expected return on the ith security commands a global risk premium and a super risk premium which is proportional to the conditional market risk. Securities t ...
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Modern portfolio theory

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory, in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has lower overall risk than any other combination of assets with the same expected return. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets sometimes change in value in opposite directions. For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a combination of both types of assets can in theory generate lower overall risk than either individually. Diversification can lower risk even if assets' returns are positively correlated.More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally or elliptically distributed random variable, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.MPT was developed in the 1950s through the early 1970s and was considered an important advance in the mathematical modeling of finance. Since then, some theoretical and practical criticisms have been leveled against it. These include evidence that financial returns do not follow a normal distribution or indeed any symmetric distribution, and that correlations between asset classes are not fixed but can vary depending on external events (especially in crises). Further, there remains evidence that investors are not rational and markets may not be efficient. Finally, the low volatility anomaly conflicts with CAPM's trade-off assumption of higher risk for higher return. It states that a portfolio consisting of low volatility equities (like blue chip stocks) reaps higher risk-adjusted returns than a portfolio with high volatility equities (like illiquid penny stocks). A study conducted by Myron Scholes, Michael Jensen, and Fischer Black in 1972 suggests that the relationship between return and beta might be flat or even negatively correlated.
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