Intestinal microbiota and metabolites—Implications for broiler
... coevolution has produced specific host-microbe combinations, called superorganisms, with the best possible fitness in a given environment. Intestinal microbiota has an enormous metabolic potential and it affects both the nutrition and health of the host. The importance of intestinal microbiota for t ...
... coevolution has produced specific host-microbe combinations, called superorganisms, with the best possible fitness in a given environment. Intestinal microbiota has an enormous metabolic potential and it affects both the nutrition and health of the host. The importance of intestinal microbiota for t ...
Enigmatic dual symbiosis in the excretory organ of Nautilus
... Symbiosis is an important driving force in metazoan evolution and the study of ancient lineages can provide an insight into the influence of symbiotic associations on morphological and physiological adaptations. In the ‘living fossil’ Nautilus, bacterial associations are found in the highly speciali ...
... Symbiosis is an important driving force in metazoan evolution and the study of ancient lineages can provide an insight into the influence of symbiotic associations on morphological and physiological adaptations. In the ‘living fossil’ Nautilus, bacterial associations are found in the highly speciali ...
The Effects of Flooding on the Microbial Communities of Sparrow
... and their role in the community has some effect on all organisms (Zoetendal, 2006). Among birds, microbial trans-shell infection has been shown to reduce hatching success in eggs. This ability to impact egg viability, however, is likely dependent on the ecological interactions of the microbial commu ...
... and their role in the community has some effect on all organisms (Zoetendal, 2006). Among birds, microbial trans-shell infection has been shown to reduce hatching success in eggs. This ability to impact egg viability, however, is likely dependent on the ecological interactions of the microbial commu ...
20.2 Bacteria
... Human Uses of Prokaryotes Prokaryotes, especially bacteria, are used in the production of a wide variety of foods and other commercial products. Yogurt is produced by the bacterium Lactobacillus. Some bacteria can digest petroleum and remove human-made waste products and poisons from water. Other ba ...
... Human Uses of Prokaryotes Prokaryotes, especially bacteria, are used in the production of a wide variety of foods and other commercial products. Yogurt is produced by the bacterium Lactobacillus. Some bacteria can digest petroleum and remove human-made waste products and poisons from water. Other ba ...
Viruses and Prokaryotes
... strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Bacteria, on the other hand, are one-celled microorganisms that can also cause infection. Any living organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease is called an infectious agent, or pathogen. You have learned that all living things shar ...
... strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Bacteria, on the other hand, are one-celled microorganisms that can also cause infection. Any living organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease is called an infectious agent, or pathogen. You have learned that all living things shar ...
Bacteria-eating viruses
... A potential problem with systemic phage use is the possibility that they may be seen as foreign by the body’s immune system and be destroyed. Delivery of phages also needs to be investigated. To prevent them being damaged by the acidity of the digestive system when ingested, phages would need to be ...
... A potential problem with systemic phage use is the possibility that they may be seen as foreign by the body’s immune system and be destroyed. Delivery of phages also needs to be investigated. To prevent them being damaged by the acidity of the digestive system when ingested, phages would need to be ...
Gram-Stain
... in culture. Possible explanations for this occurrence: • 1) Organisms that are dead or dying are • visualized on the smear but are not viable and therefore do grow in culture • 2) Residual effects of antimicrobial agents in the culture prevent growth of the organism • 3) Microscope slide or Gram’s s ...
... in culture. Possible explanations for this occurrence: • 1) Organisms that are dead or dying are • visualized on the smear but are not viable and therefore do grow in culture • 2) Residual effects of antimicrobial agents in the culture prevent growth of the organism • 3) Microscope slide or Gram’s s ...
A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Caecal
... SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF TONSIL ...
... SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF TONSIL ...
Ch 16
... Prokaryotes live in cold, hot, salty, acidic, and alkaline habitats Although some bacteria are pathogenic and cause disease, most bacteria on our bodies are benign or beneficial – Several hundred species of bacteria live in and on our bodies, decomposing dead skin cells, supplying essential vita ...
... Prokaryotes live in cold, hot, salty, acidic, and alkaline habitats Although some bacteria are pathogenic and cause disease, most bacteria on our bodies are benign or beneficial – Several hundred species of bacteria live in and on our bodies, decomposing dead skin cells, supplying essential vita ...
chapter 27 - Dripping Springs ISD
... ○ Instead, prokaryotes use specialized infolded regions of the plasma membrane to perform many metabolic functions, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis. ○ Some prokaryotes can store metabolic by-products in simple compartments made out of proteins; these compartments lack membranes and ...
... ○ Instead, prokaryotes use specialized infolded regions of the plasma membrane to perform many metabolic functions, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis. ○ Some prokaryotes can store metabolic by-products in simple compartments made out of proteins; these compartments lack membranes and ...
SIMPLE STAIN and the GRAM STAIN
... (coagulation of surface proteins) to the slide. This renders the slide safe to use and keeps the bacteria stuck to the slide so that simple or complex staining procedures can be carried out on these bacteria. After preparation of the heat fixed smear of a bacterium, the cells may then be stained. Th ...
... (coagulation of surface proteins) to the slide. This renders the slide safe to use and keeps the bacteria stuck to the slide so that simple or complex staining procedures can be carried out on these bacteria. After preparation of the heat fixed smear of a bacterium, the cells may then be stained. Th ...
Document
... Carbohydrates are good sources of energy for organisms. The most efficient metabolic process to harvest the energy from sugars is aerobic respiration. In the absence of aerobic conditions, organisms may be able to metabolize the sugars, though with minimal gain of ATP. These processes are characteri ...
... Carbohydrates are good sources of energy for organisms. The most efficient metabolic process to harvest the energy from sugars is aerobic respiration. In the absence of aerobic conditions, organisms may be able to metabolize the sugars, though with minimal gain of ATP. These processes are characteri ...
plaque - WordPress.com
... • Pili (from Latin for hairs) and fimbriae (from Latin for threads) are thin, filamentous, proteinaceous surface appendages (hair-like organelles) that protrude from the surface of many different bacterial species and are especially prominent on gram-negative bacteria where they are anchored within ...
... • Pili (from Latin for hairs) and fimbriae (from Latin for threads) are thin, filamentous, proteinaceous surface appendages (hair-like organelles) that protrude from the surface of many different bacterial species and are especially prominent on gram-negative bacteria where they are anchored within ...
Bacterial Cell Walls as Revealed by the Specific Cell
... The specific cell-wall reaction demands a preliminary treatment of the bacteria in order to separate the cell wall from the cytoplasm. Previous observations (Tomcsik & Guex-Holzer, 1954 a), as well as those described here, are contrary to the general concept based on the work of Kantorowicz (1909) a ...
... The specific cell-wall reaction demands a preliminary treatment of the bacteria in order to separate the cell wall from the cytoplasm. Previous observations (Tomcsik & Guex-Holzer, 1954 a), as well as those described here, are contrary to the general concept based on the work of Kantorowicz (1909) a ...
Bacterial Cell Walls as Revealed by the Specific Cell
... The specific cell-wall reaction demands a preliminary treatment of the bacteria in order to separate the cell wall from the cytoplasm. Previous observations (Tomcsik & Guex-Holzer, 1954 a), as well as those described here, are contrary to the general concept based on the work of Kantorowicz (1909) a ...
... The specific cell-wall reaction demands a preliminary treatment of the bacteria in order to separate the cell wall from the cytoplasm. Previous observations (Tomcsik & Guex-Holzer, 1954 a), as well as those described here, are contrary to the general concept based on the work of Kantorowicz (1909) a ...
scope and historical developments in microbiology
... carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Bacteria referred to as nitrogen fixers live in the soil where they convert vast quantities of nitrogen in air into a form that plants can use. Microorganisms also play major roles in energy production. Natural gas (methane) is a product of bacterial activity, arising f ...
... carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Bacteria referred to as nitrogen fixers live in the soil where they convert vast quantities of nitrogen in air into a form that plants can use. Microorganisms also play major roles in energy production. Natural gas (methane) is a product of bacterial activity, arising f ...
USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE AS NOVEL FOOD ADDITIVES
... 5 hemolytic units per mL). In evaluating the safety of this new food additive, the FDA considered published reports from animal studies submitted by the petitioner and results from the use of phage therapies against human bacterial infections. 17 Clearly with this amendment, the FDA has demonstrated ...
... 5 hemolytic units per mL). In evaluating the safety of this new food additive, the FDA considered published reports from animal studies submitted by the petitioner and results from the use of phage therapies against human bacterial infections. 17 Clearly with this amendment, the FDA has demonstrated ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008.
... The increase in culture pH which occurred when S. acidocaldarius 98-3 and S. solfataricus were grown in the presence of elemental sulphur and yeast extract indicates that they were not growing on the sulphur but on the yeast extract alone. The inability of these strains to oxidize either sulphur or ...
... The increase in culture pH which occurred when S. acidocaldarius 98-3 and S. solfataricus were grown in the presence of elemental sulphur and yeast extract indicates that they were not growing on the sulphur but on the yeast extract alone. The inability of these strains to oxidize either sulphur or ...
Periodontal diseases
... The increasing thickness of the plaque limits the diffusion of oxigen to the entrapped original oxigentolerant populations, as a result the organisms that survive in the deeper parts of the plaque are either ...
... The increasing thickness of the plaque limits the diffusion of oxigen to the entrapped original oxigentolerant populations, as a result the organisms that survive in the deeper parts of the plaque are either ...
Bacteriophages: antibacterials with a future?
... Rich [17], describing it as the smegma bacillus, citing it as an example of a non-pathogenic acidfast bacillus repeatedly found not only in man but other animals. He mentions that injected into the body in appropriate numbers, these non-pathogenic acid-fast bacilli incite a mononuclear-like reaction ...
... Rich [17], describing it as the smegma bacillus, citing it as an example of a non-pathogenic acidfast bacillus repeatedly found not only in man but other animals. He mentions that injected into the body in appropriate numbers, these non-pathogenic acid-fast bacilli incite a mononuclear-like reaction ...
Most Probable Number Method
... The following assumptions are necessary to support the MPN method. The sample is prepared in such a way that the bacteria are distributed randomly within it. The bacteria are separate, not clustered together, and they do not repel each other. ...
... The following assumptions are necessary to support the MPN method. The sample is prepared in such a way that the bacteria are distributed randomly within it. The bacteria are separate, not clustered together, and they do not repel each other. ...
Overuse of antibiotics leads to ineffectiveness
... greater detail. Levy is also leading work on ways to “target virulence, not growth.” ...
... greater detail. Levy is also leading work on ways to “target virulence, not growth.” ...
File
... 19. Know the spherical-shaped bacteria that also form grape-like clusters. (Staphylococcus) 20. Know how to calculate the total magnification. (Objective lens X Ocular lens) 21. Know that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus (or a nuclear membrane). 22. Know that the following trace elements may be ess ...
... 19. Know the spherical-shaped bacteria that also form grape-like clusters. (Staphylococcus) 20. Know how to calculate the total magnification. (Objective lens X Ocular lens) 21. Know that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus (or a nuclear membrane). 22. Know that the following trace elements may be ess ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.