Exam 1
... Separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus and from the temporal lobe by the lateral (Sylvian) sulcus. Serves various behavioral functions including movement control, speech, cognition, and the highest level of affective behaviors and emotions. Subdivided: superior frontal gyrus – motor ...
... Separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus and from the temporal lobe by the lateral (Sylvian) sulcus. Serves various behavioral functions including movement control, speech, cognition, and the highest level of affective behaviors and emotions. Subdivided: superior frontal gyrus – motor ...
Central Emotional Integration
... Emotional autonomic states = reciprocal projections from amygdala to hypothalamus & autonomic n. Influence on conscious feeling: Reciprocal projections from amygdala to hippocampus, cingulate, prefrontal & orbitofrontal cortex. Somatic feedback to cingulate and prefrontal cortex. ...
... Emotional autonomic states = reciprocal projections from amygdala to hypothalamus & autonomic n. Influence on conscious feeling: Reciprocal projections from amygdala to hippocampus, cingulate, prefrontal & orbitofrontal cortex. Somatic feedback to cingulate and prefrontal cortex. ...
The Third Generation of Neural Networks
... Right now neural networks are rising from the ashes for the third time since their introduction in the 1940s. There are many design decisions that a neural network practitioner must make. Because of their long history, there is a diverse amount of information about the architecture of neural network ...
... Right now neural networks are rising from the ashes for the third time since their introduction in the 1940s. There are many design decisions that a neural network practitioner must make. Because of their long history, there is a diverse amount of information about the architecture of neural network ...
Central Emotional System
... Emotional autonomic states = reciprocal projections from amygdala to hypothalamus & autonomic n. Influence on conscious feeling: Reciprocal projections from amygdala to hippocampus, cingulate, prefrontal & orbitofrontal cortex. Somatic feedback to cingulate and prefrontal cortex. ...
... Emotional autonomic states = reciprocal projections from amygdala to hypothalamus & autonomic n. Influence on conscious feeling: Reciprocal projections from amygdala to hippocampus, cingulate, prefrontal & orbitofrontal cortex. Somatic feedback to cingulate and prefrontal cortex. ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
The brain timewise: how timing shapes and supports brain function
... It is evident that one cannot keep accurate timing in large mammal brains just by increasing the diameter of all axons, as such a design would lead to a catastrophic increase of the brain size [27], making delivery impossible. The required high-speed information transfer is thus realized by a signif ...
... It is evident that one cannot keep accurate timing in large mammal brains just by increasing the diameter of all axons, as such a design would lead to a catastrophic increase of the brain size [27], making delivery impossible. The required high-speed information transfer is thus realized by a signif ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... the benefit of the higher resolution of small synaptic structures using a standard CCD camera (e.g., Hamamatsu ORCA-R2).Finally, spinning disk systems allow for rapid acquisition speed, with, as a benefit, greater throughput of image stacks. The primary advantages of the LSCM include: greater resolu ...
... the benefit of the higher resolution of small synaptic structures using a standard CCD camera (e.g., Hamamatsu ORCA-R2).Finally, spinning disk systems allow for rapid acquisition speed, with, as a benefit, greater throughput of image stacks. The primary advantages of the LSCM include: greater resolu ...
Regulation of rCBF by Diffusible Signals: An Analysis of Constraints
... 19901. The data suggest the following sequence of events following a brief sensory stimulus: first, 200400 ms after the onset of neural activity, highly localized oxygen delivery occurs followed 300400 ms later by an increase in blood volume. After a second or more a substantial rise in local oxyhem ...
... 19901. The data suggest the following sequence of events following a brief sensory stimulus: first, 200400 ms after the onset of neural activity, highly localized oxygen delivery occurs followed 300400 ms later by an increase in blood volume. After a second or more a substantial rise in local oxyhem ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
17 Human Single Unit Activity for Reach and Grasp Motor Prostheses
... 80% of the cells in MI were tuned to observed position and velocity of a target in a pursuittracking task. In addition, Truccolo et al. (2008) reported that the intended target was decoded with an accuracy of 80–95% in a 2-D center–out task, consistent with previous research in monkeys (Paninski et ...
... 80% of the cells in MI were tuned to observed position and velocity of a target in a pursuittracking task. In addition, Truccolo et al. (2008) reported that the intended target was decoded with an accuracy of 80–95% in a 2-D center–out task, consistent with previous research in monkeys (Paninski et ...
The Structure of the Nervous System
... cerebrum. Figure 7.4b shows the rat cerebrumas it appearswhen viewed from above. Notice that it is clearly split down the middle into two cerebral hemispheres, separatedby the deep sagittalfissure.In general, the right cerebralhemisphere receives sensationsfrom, and controls movements of, the left s ...
... cerebrum. Figure 7.4b shows the rat cerebrumas it appearswhen viewed from above. Notice that it is clearly split down the middle into two cerebral hemispheres, separatedby the deep sagittalfissure.In general, the right cerebralhemisphere receives sensationsfrom, and controls movements of, the left s ...
Coefficient of Variation (CV) vs Mean Interspike Interval (ISI) curves
... experimentally, we will postulate that neuronal firing in cortical cells is of Poisson-type. Apart from the work mentioned above [15,18], other earlier experimental studies have shown that cortical neuron firing is highly irregular; Smith and Smith [17] investigated the spontaneous cortical activity ...
... experimentally, we will postulate that neuronal firing in cortical cells is of Poisson-type. Apart from the work mentioned above [15,18], other earlier experimental studies have shown that cortical neuron firing is highly irregular; Smith and Smith [17] investigated the spontaneous cortical activity ...
Is neuroimaging measuring information in the brain? | SpringerLink
... What does it mean to measure information in the brain? When we record neural activity after the presentation of a stimulus, can we call that activity the neural representation of that stimulus? What technique provides the best measure of information? Are single-cell recordings a more direct measure ...
... What does it mean to measure information in the brain? When we record neural activity after the presentation of a stimulus, can we call that activity the neural representation of that stimulus? What technique provides the best measure of information? Are single-cell recordings a more direct measure ...
phys chapter 56 [10-19
... One branch of each mossy fiber goes directly to deep nuclear cells in deep cerebellar nuclei Instantly sends excitatory signal back into cerebral corticospinal motor system either by return signals through thalamus to cerebral cortex or by neuronal circuitry in brainstem to support muscle contra ...
... One branch of each mossy fiber goes directly to deep nuclear cells in deep cerebellar nuclei Instantly sends excitatory signal back into cerebral corticospinal motor system either by return signals through thalamus to cerebral cortex or by neuronal circuitry in brainstem to support muscle contra ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... In an attempt to study some of the complexity of natural movement, Georgopoulos and colleagues pioneered the directional reaching paradigm (Georgopoulos et al., 1982, 1986). In this paradigm, a monkey is trained to reach in many possible directions from an initial central location. During the reach, ...
... In an attempt to study some of the complexity of natural movement, Georgopoulos and colleagues pioneered the directional reaching paradigm (Georgopoulos et al., 1982, 1986). In this paradigm, a monkey is trained to reach in many possible directions from an initial central location. During the reach, ...
Unilateral Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduce
... present study indicated that the cortical neurons in PFC could influence the activity of the STN via the cortico-subthalamic pathway in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. These results, together with the similar findings of previous studies, indicate that the PFC and STN regions are electrophysiologically related. ...
... present study indicated that the cortical neurons in PFC could influence the activity of the STN via the cortico-subthalamic pathway in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. These results, together with the similar findings of previous studies, indicate that the PFC and STN regions are electrophysiologically related. ...
The role of ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action
... portion of the inferior frontal cortex, mainly in area 44 of Brodmann. According to our own data, there seems to be a homology between Brodmann area 44 in humans and the monkey area F5. The non-language related motor functions of Broca’s region comprise complex hand movements, associative sensorimot ...
... portion of the inferior frontal cortex, mainly in area 44 of Brodmann. According to our own data, there seems to be a homology between Brodmann area 44 in humans and the monkey area F5. The non-language related motor functions of Broca’s region comprise complex hand movements, associative sensorimot ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... type of cortex will lead to broad-ranging abnormalities in perception, memory and cognition, and motor control. Moreover, ‘noisy’ (hyperexcitable, poorly functionally differentiated) cortex is inherently unstable, and susceptible to epilepsy. As will be discussed below, an imbalance of excitation an ...
... type of cortex will lead to broad-ranging abnormalities in perception, memory and cognition, and motor control. Moreover, ‘noisy’ (hyperexcitable, poorly functionally differentiated) cortex is inherently unstable, and susceptible to epilepsy. As will be discussed below, an imbalance of excitation an ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... glabrous skin of the hand revealed activation in the midorbitofrontal cortex (see Fig. 2) (McCabe et al., 2008). The implication is that the orbitofrontal cortex may be especially activated in relation to CT afferents vs. afferents from the glabrous skin. (The activation of the orbitofrontal cortex ...
... glabrous skin of the hand revealed activation in the midorbitofrontal cortex (see Fig. 2) (McCabe et al., 2008). The implication is that the orbitofrontal cortex may be especially activated in relation to CT afferents vs. afferents from the glabrous skin. (The activation of the orbitofrontal cortex ...
Chapter 12 – Auditory Localization and Organization
... A simple way to create time of arrival signaling is to have a longer path from neurons originating in one ear to the postsynaptic neuron than the path from the other ear. This is analagous to the motion detectors we studied a couple of chapters ago. Sounds in front of us If a sound strikes both L an ...
... A simple way to create time of arrival signaling is to have a longer path from neurons originating in one ear to the postsynaptic neuron than the path from the other ear. This is analagous to the motion detectors we studied a couple of chapters ago. Sounds in front of us If a sound strikes both L an ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control
... is driven by properties inherent in stimuli— that is, by salience (e.g., a flashing fire alarm) (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they ...
... is driven by properties inherent in stimuli— that is, by salience (e.g., a flashing fire alarm) (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal
... is driven by properties inherent in stimuli— that is, by salience (e.g., a flashing fire alarm) (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they ...
... is driven by properties inherent in stimuli— that is, by salience (e.g., a flashing fire alarm) (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
... hooked together in ever larger configurations and still function, with ever increasing subtlety, to both analyze sensory input and organize motor actions. Even in producing the most remarkable achievement of the brain - language - the areas of the brain involved have used the identical structure. Th ...
Document
... • Most inferior part of the brain stem • Along with the pons, forms the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle • Contains the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle • Pyramids – two longitudinal ridges formed by corticospinal tracts descending from the motor cortex • Before entering the spinal cord th ...
... • Most inferior part of the brain stem • Along with the pons, forms the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle • Contains the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle • Pyramids – two longitudinal ridges formed by corticospinal tracts descending from the motor cortex • Before entering the spinal cord th ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.