Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... descending pathways, through which FN participates in the axial, proximal and ocular motor control, have been well clarified in both primates and other mammals. Notably, in nonhuman primates, it has also been reported that via ascending pathways, axons of the FN neurons cross to the contralateral si ...
... descending pathways, through which FN participates in the axial, proximal and ocular motor control, have been well clarified in both primates and other mammals. Notably, in nonhuman primates, it has also been reported that via ascending pathways, axons of the FN neurons cross to the contralateral si ...
[11c]altropane, a highly selective ligand for the dopamine
... PET imaging of healthy human subjects detected DATselective ligand accumulation in the posterior-inferior vermis (lobules VIII-IX), suggesting the presence of DAT in this region. ...
... PET imaging of healthy human subjects detected DATselective ligand accumulation in the posterior-inferior vermis (lobules VIII-IX), suggesting the presence of DAT in this region. ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... cerebellum is that of Angevine et al. (1961). This dissection in three planes reveals the structure of the folia and deep nuclei. There are inherent difficulties in using this atlas for contemporary purposes, however. It is applicable only in the parasagittal plane, as the coronal and axial planes o ...
... cerebellum is that of Angevine et al. (1961). This dissection in three planes reveals the structure of the folia and deep nuclei. There are inherent difficulties in using this atlas for contemporary purposes, however. It is applicable only in the parasagittal plane, as the coronal and axial planes o ...
NEURO PresentationWORKING students B
... Normally the balance is in favor of excitation Deep nuclear cell at first receives an excitatory input from both the climbing fibers and mossy fibers. This is followed by an inhibitory signal from the Purkinje cells ...
... Normally the balance is in favor of excitation Deep nuclear cell at first receives an excitatory input from both the climbing fibers and mossy fibers. This is followed by an inhibitory signal from the Purkinje cells ...
10-3_Brainstem _in_motor_process_JászA
... Specialized neurons in brainstem mediate parasympathetic reflexes, such increased peristaltis of the gut, and constriction of the pupils. The brainstem contains ascending and descending pathways that carry motor (and sensory) information to other divisions of the central nervous system. The input-ou ...
... Specialized neurons in brainstem mediate parasympathetic reflexes, such increased peristaltis of the gut, and constriction of the pupils. The brainstem contains ascending and descending pathways that carry motor (and sensory) information to other divisions of the central nervous system. The input-ou ...
Brain - El Camino College
... superiorly and the central canal inferiorly 5. Cranial nerves _____ arise from the MO 6. Important nuclei in the MO include the nucleus gracilis & cuneatus, which relay __________ info. to the thalamus, then to the cerebral cortex via thalamic nuclei 7. Three other nuclei function as _____________ m ...
... superiorly and the central canal inferiorly 5. Cranial nerves _____ arise from the MO 6. Important nuclei in the MO include the nucleus gracilis & cuneatus, which relay __________ info. to the thalamus, then to the cerebral cortex via thalamic nuclei 7. Three other nuclei function as _____________ m ...
File
... • Periaqueductal gray matter – Pain suppression; links amygdaloid body and ANS; controls cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV ...
... • Periaqueductal gray matter – Pain suppression; links amygdaloid body and ANS; controls cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV ...
Neuro Objectives 22 - U
... Medial lemniscus (Contralateral touch/position): medial in caudal medulla → medial to inferior olivary nucleus in the rostral medulla → dorsolateral in the basal pons → ventromedial to the spinothalamic tract in the midbrain Spinothalamic tract (Contralateral pain/temperature): lateral in caudal med ...
... Medial lemniscus (Contralateral touch/position): medial in caudal medulla → medial to inferior olivary nucleus in the rostral medulla → dorsolateral in the basal pons → ventromedial to the spinothalamic tract in the midbrain Spinothalamic tract (Contralateral pain/temperature): lateral in caudal med ...
the diencephalon
... Medial nuclei (mediodorsalis nc.) Lateral nuclei – dorsal tier (lateral dorsal nc., lateral posterior nc., posterior ncll.,(ncll. of pulvinar) ventral tier ( ventralis anterior – VA, ventralis lateralis – VL, ventralis posterolateralis- VPL, ventralis posteromedialis – VPM, ventralis intermedialis - ...
... Medial nuclei (mediodorsalis nc.) Lateral nuclei – dorsal tier (lateral dorsal nc., lateral posterior nc., posterior ncll.,(ncll. of pulvinar) ventral tier ( ventralis anterior – VA, ventralis lateralis – VL, ventralis posterolateralis- VPL, ventralis posteromedialis – VPM, ventralis intermedialis - ...
The Value of the Examination of Visuooculomotor Reflexes in
... accadic movement and smooth-pursuit (eyetracking) movement examination are the standard otoneurological tests [1–4]. Latency, velocity, and accuracy of eye movements are appreciated during the saccadic test. Eye-tracking or caloric eyetracking tests are classified on the basis of a suggestion from M ...
... accadic movement and smooth-pursuit (eyetracking) movement examination are the standard otoneurological tests [1–4]. Latency, velocity, and accuracy of eye movements are appreciated during the saccadic test. Eye-tracking or caloric eyetracking tests are classified on the basis of a suggestion from M ...
Spinal Cord
... Substantia Gelatinosa (SG) in dorsal horn of spinal cord acts as a ‘gate’ SG cells of Lamina II act as a inhibitory neurons and inhibit “T” cells of lamina IV Larger diameter afferent fibers of touch excite both SG and T cells, Therefore afferent signals of pain sensation from T cells is block ...
... Substantia Gelatinosa (SG) in dorsal horn of spinal cord acts as a ‘gate’ SG cells of Lamina II act as a inhibitory neurons and inhibit “T” cells of lamina IV Larger diameter afferent fibers of touch excite both SG and T cells, Therefore afferent signals of pain sensation from T cells is block ...
RETICULAR FORMATION
... A. Electrical stimulation of cholinergic neurons near junction of pons and medulla B. Low frequency electrical stimulation of thalamus ...
... A. Electrical stimulation of cholinergic neurons near junction of pons and medulla B. Low frequency electrical stimulation of thalamus ...
9-Cranial nerve 8 (Vestibulo
... • Type: Special sensory (SSA) • Conveys impulses from inner ear to nervous system. • Components: Vestibular part: conveys impulses associated with body posture and balance coordination of head & eye movement. ...
... • Type: Special sensory (SSA) • Conveys impulses from inner ear to nervous system. • Components: Vestibular part: conveys impulses associated with body posture and balance coordination of head & eye movement. ...
File - thebiotutor.com
... The cerebellum has neural connections with other parts of the brain and the peripheral parts of the body. So at any given moment it continuously receives sensory information from the bones, joints and muscles about their position, rate and direction of movement and forces acting on them. The cerebel ...
... The cerebellum has neural connections with other parts of the brain and the peripheral parts of the body. So at any given moment it continuously receives sensory information from the bones, joints and muscles about their position, rate and direction of movement and forces acting on them. The cerebel ...
the human brain the cerebrum
... • The second largest region of the brain is the cerebellum. • Information about muscle and joint position, as well as other sensory inputs, are sent to the cerebellum. ...
... • The second largest region of the brain is the cerebellum. • Information about muscle and joint position, as well as other sensory inputs, are sent to the cerebellum. ...
L9 - Internal structure of brain stem new
... It is a complex matrix of nerve fibers & small groups of nerve cells that extends throughout the brain stem. ...
... It is a complex matrix of nerve fibers & small groups of nerve cells that extends throughout the brain stem. ...
Descending Motor Pathways Objective • To learn the functional
... This section cuts through the ventral posterior nucleus, which is the somatic sensory relay nucleus. It is located caudal to the ventral lateral nucleus. This section also cuts through the magnocellular division of the red nucleus, from which the rubrospinal tract originates. M-5 Coronal—cerebral he ...
... This section cuts through the ventral posterior nucleus, which is the somatic sensory relay nucleus. It is located caudal to the ventral lateral nucleus. This section also cuts through the magnocellular division of the red nucleus, from which the rubrospinal tract originates. M-5 Coronal—cerebral he ...
NAlab08_DescMotor
... This section cuts through the ventral posterior nucleus, which is the somatic sensory relay nucleus. It is located caudal to the ventral lateral nucleus. This section also cuts through the magnocellular division of the red nucleus, from which the rubrospinal tract originates. M-5 Coronal—cerebral he ...
... This section cuts through the ventral posterior nucleus, which is the somatic sensory relay nucleus. It is located caudal to the ventral lateral nucleus. This section also cuts through the magnocellular division of the red nucleus, from which the rubrospinal tract originates. M-5 Coronal—cerebral he ...
Neuropathology Review
... proliferate when there’s ependymal cell damage (i.e. meningitis), forming granulation to protect. Stenosis of the aqueduct: Caused by cellular proliferation. Damage after meningitis, causing aqueduct stenosis ----> hydrocephalus. Mesenchymal components of the CNS: Microglia, Monocytes, Macrophag ...
... proliferate when there’s ependymal cell damage (i.e. meningitis), forming granulation to protect. Stenosis of the aqueduct: Caused by cellular proliferation. Damage after meningitis, causing aqueduct stenosis ----> hydrocephalus. Mesenchymal components of the CNS: Microglia, Monocytes, Macrophag ...
The cerebellum chip: an analog VLSI implementation of a
... block diagram of the hardware model is shown in Figure 1. The CS block receives the conditioned stimulus and generates two signals: an analog long-lasting, slowly decaying trace (cs_out) and an equally long binary pulse (cs_wind). Similarly, the US block receives an unconditioned stimulus and genera ...
... block diagram of the hardware model is shown in Figure 1. The CS block receives the conditioned stimulus and generates two signals: an analog long-lasting, slowly decaying trace (cs_out) and an equally long binary pulse (cs_wind). Similarly, the US block receives an unconditioned stimulus and genera ...
Central nervous system
... of the gray matter and its lateral part (horn) are located between them. The largest neurons of the spinal cord are located in the ventral horn. They form motor nuclei, which are subdivided into lateral and medial groups. In the intermediate zone there are found medial intermediate nucleus and later ...
... of the gray matter and its lateral part (horn) are located between them. The largest neurons of the spinal cord are located in the ventral horn. They form motor nuclei, which are subdivided into lateral and medial groups. In the intermediate zone there are found medial intermediate nucleus and later ...
Coding in the Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
... usually also reflect the consecutive activation of the two different mossy fiber pathways, with delays of the respective peak responses which are similar to those observed in the field potential recordings. The large receptive fields observed in Golgi cell recordings are probably due to the activati ...
... usually also reflect the consecutive activation of the two different mossy fiber pathways, with delays of the respective peak responses which are similar to those observed in the field potential recordings. The large receptive fields observed in Golgi cell recordings are probably due to the activati ...
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (Latin for ""little brain"") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established. The cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing. It receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, and integrates these inputs to fine-tune motor activity. Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning.Anatomically, the cerebellum has the appearance of a separate structure attached to the bottom of the brain, tucked underneath the cerebral hemispheres. Its cortical surface is covered with finely spaced parallel grooves, in striking contrast to the broad irregular convolutions of the cerebral cortex. These parallel grooves conceal the fact that the cerebellar cortex is actually a continuous thin layer of tissue tightly folded in the style of an accordion. Within this thin layer are several types of neurons with a highly regular arrangement, the most important being Purkinje cells and granule cells. This complex neural organization gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of its output passes through a set of small deep cerebellar nuclei lying in the interior of the cerebellum.In addition to its direct role in motor control, the cerebellum is necessary for several types of motor learning, most notably learning to adjust to changes in sensorimotor relationships. Several theoretical models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the cerebellum. Most of them derive from models formulated by David Marr and James Albus, which were based on the observation that each cerebellar Purkinje cell receives two dramatically different types of input: one type of input is made up of thousands of weak inputs from the parallel fibers; the other type is that of an extremely strong input from a single climbing fiber. The basic concept of the Marr–Albus theory is that the climbing fiber serves as a ""teaching signal"", which induces a long-lasting change in the strength of parallel fiber inputs. Observations of long-term depression in parallel fiber inputs have provided support for theories of this type, but their validity remains controversial.