Sample pages 2 PDF
... The study of bacterial genetic exchange has revealed three processes that allow horizontal gene transfer between cells to occur and a fourth process that allows vertically transferred DNA to jump onto horizontally transferred elements and vice versa. Transformation is the uptake of naked DNA that ha ...
... The study of bacterial genetic exchange has revealed three processes that allow horizontal gene transfer between cells to occur and a fourth process that allows vertically transferred DNA to jump onto horizontally transferred elements and vice versa. Transformation is the uptake of naked DNA that ha ...
The Sexual Nature of the Eukaryote Genome
... into a yeast chromosome, and they are then stably replicated and maintained (Nishikawa et al. 1992). The acquisition and subsequent integration of prokaryotic conjugative plasmids by eukaryotic microbes seems to be a process readily observed and manipulated in the laboratory, although its occurrence ...
... into a yeast chromosome, and they are then stably replicated and maintained (Nishikawa et al. 1992). The acquisition and subsequent integration of prokaryotic conjugative plasmids by eukaryotic microbes seems to be a process readily observed and manipulated in the laboratory, although its occurrence ...
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics
... Producing Clones of Cells APPLICATION Cloning is used to prepare many copies of a gene of interest for use in sequencing the gene, in producing its encoded protein, in gene therapy, or in basic research. TECHNIQUE ...
... Producing Clones of Cells APPLICATION Cloning is used to prepare many copies of a gene of interest for use in sequencing the gene, in producing its encoded protein, in gene therapy, or in basic research. TECHNIQUE ...
pEGFP-C1 - Newcastle University Staff Publishing Service
... pEGFP-C1 encodes a red-shifted variant of wild-type GFP (1–3) which has been optimized for brighter fluorescence and higher expression in mammalian cells. (Excitation maximum = 488 nm; emission maximum = 507 nm.) pEGFP-C1 encodes the GFPmut1 variant (4) which contains the double-amino-acid substitut ...
... pEGFP-C1 encodes a red-shifted variant of wild-type GFP (1–3) which has been optimized for brighter fluorescence and higher expression in mammalian cells. (Excitation maximum = 488 nm; emission maximum = 507 nm.) pEGFP-C1 encodes the GFPmut1 variant (4) which contains the double-amino-acid substitut ...
THE EFFECT OF R-FACTOR CARRIAGE ON THE SURVIVAL O F
... An incidental finding in one experiment was the isolation of strains of E. coli with resistance determinants consistent with plasmid transfer from an ingested donor with antibiotic determinants for nalidixic acid and R-222-1 to a recipient resistant to rifampicin. These organisms formed only 0*05-0- ...
... An incidental finding in one experiment was the isolation of strains of E. coli with resistance determinants consistent with plasmid transfer from an ingested donor with antibiotic determinants for nalidixic acid and R-222-1 to a recipient resistant to rifampicin. These organisms formed only 0*05-0- ...
7 Lysogeny and Transduction
... Lysogeny and pseudolysogeny Lysogeny occurs when a phage enters into a stable symbiosis with its host (Ackermann and DuBow, 1987). The host (bacterium or algal cell) and phage capable of entering into such a relationship are termed a lysogen and temperate phage, respectively. The temperate phage gen ...
... Lysogeny and pseudolysogeny Lysogeny occurs when a phage enters into a stable symbiosis with its host (Ackermann and DuBow, 1987). The host (bacterium or algal cell) and phage capable of entering into such a relationship are termed a lysogen and temperate phage, respectively. The temperate phage gen ...
Biol 207 Dr. Locke`s section WS9 Page 1 Workshop 9 Biol207
... discuss any questions during the workshop. 1. Your project is to clone the lacZ gene from a wild type E. coli strain. The first step in the project is to produce a genomic library from E. coli. To produce this library, genomic DNA from a wild type E. coli will be digested using restriction enzymes i ...
... discuss any questions during the workshop. 1. Your project is to clone the lacZ gene from a wild type E. coli strain. The first step in the project is to produce a genomic library from E. coli. To produce this library, genomic DNA from a wild type E. coli will be digested using restriction enzymes i ...
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Arginine
... Pro-175 (CCG), and Gly-176 (GGC). Finally this TS/Smal gene in Ml3mp19 vector was sub cloned into pUCl8 to construct pSCTS9/SmaI plasmid. The modified DNA (PSCTS9/Smal) contains one additional unique restriction site (Smal) between the two restriction sites (Cia I and MstII). Therefore, the flanking ...
... Pro-175 (CCG), and Gly-176 (GGC). Finally this TS/Smal gene in Ml3mp19 vector was sub cloned into pUCl8 to construct pSCTS9/SmaI plasmid. The modified DNA (PSCTS9/Smal) contains one additional unique restriction site (Smal) between the two restriction sites (Cia I and MstII). Therefore, the flanking ...
Initial Stages in Creating a lacI Knockout in Escherichia coli C29
... plasmid. To ensure the plasmid we were provided with was in fact pKD46, a restriction digest and gel electrophoresis was performed with enzymes SstI, NheI to look for predicted banding patterns. SstI and NheI both contain single cut sites within pKD46, therefore, we expected a single band in both la ...
... plasmid. To ensure the plasmid we were provided with was in fact pKD46, a restriction digest and gel electrophoresis was performed with enzymes SstI, NheI to look for predicted banding patterns. SstI and NheI both contain single cut sites within pKD46, therefore, we expected a single band in both la ...
E. coli Inducible Expression Vectors E. coli Expression Vectors with
... promoter, and therefore transcription occurs only at very low levels. (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_repressor) LacO is a regulatory gene of the lac operon. If lactose is missing from the growth medium, the repressor binds very tightly to a short DNA sequence just downstream of the promoter near the ...
... promoter, and therefore transcription occurs only at very low levels. (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_repressor) LacO is a regulatory gene of the lac operon. If lactose is missing from the growth medium, the repressor binds very tightly to a short DNA sequence just downstream of the promoter near the ...
E. coli Inducible Expression Vectors E. coli Expression Vectors with
... promoter, and therefore transcription occurs only at very low levels. (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_repressor) LacO is a regulatory gene of the lac operon. If lactose is missing from the growth medium, the repressor binds very tightly to a short DNA sequence just downstream of the promoter near the ...
... promoter, and therefore transcription occurs only at very low levels. (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_repressor) LacO is a regulatory gene of the lac operon. If lactose is missing from the growth medium, the repressor binds very tightly to a short DNA sequence just downstream of the promoter near the ...
Chapter 20 Notes: DNA Technology
... 5) Insert recombinant DNA plasmid back into bacterial cell; 6) As bacterial cell reproduces, it makes copies of the desired gene; -grow cells on a petri dish ...
... 5) Insert recombinant DNA plasmid back into bacterial cell; 6) As bacterial cell reproduces, it makes copies of the desired gene; -grow cells on a petri dish ...
gene transfer - Bio-Rad
... of transfected cells in several independent experiments. Generally, we found multiple clusters of transfected epidermal cells in bombarded leaf segments as shown in Figure 2. Thus, the Hepta adaptor is useful for experiments in which several independent constructs need to be tested or in which high ...
... of transfected cells in several independent experiments. Generally, we found multiple clusters of transfected epidermal cells in bombarded leaf segments as shown in Figure 2. Thus, the Hepta adaptor is useful for experiments in which several independent constructs need to be tested or in which high ...
PTK7 domain involvement in planar cell polarity
... cognitive functioning. The human nervous system is a very complex, and there is much to learn about how it works. One area which is of interest when trying to understand how the human brain works is how axon path finding works during neuronal development in early stages of life. Learning how neurons ...
... cognitive functioning. The human nervous system is a very complex, and there is much to learn about how it works. One area which is of interest when trying to understand how the human brain works is how axon path finding works during neuronal development in early stages of life. Learning how neurons ...
Molecular analysis of the operon which encodes the
... restriction enzymes. Southern blotting showed that none gave a single hybridization-positive band, but digestion with BgAI produced two positive bands, of 4 and 6 kb. These fragments were cloned into the BamHI site of pUC18 to give p R P 0 4 and pRPO6 respectively. In this way large flanking regions ...
... restriction enzymes. Southern blotting showed that none gave a single hybridization-positive band, but digestion with BgAI produced two positive bands, of 4 and 6 kb. These fragments were cloned into the BamHI site of pUC18 to give p R P 0 4 and pRPO6 respectively. In this way large flanking regions ...
Common DNA sequences with potential for detection of genetically
... that all GMOs used in food production are subjected to safety assessment and regulatory procedures. A generic test for the detection of recombinant DNA might provide a useful screening procedure for unlicensed and/or undeclared GMOs in food. Trends in genetic engineering have a direct bearing on the ...
... that all GMOs used in food production are subjected to safety assessment and regulatory procedures. A generic test for the detection of recombinant DNA might provide a useful screening procedure for unlicensed and/or undeclared GMOs in food. Trends in genetic engineering have a direct bearing on the ...
Recombination, Bacteriophages, and Horizontal Gene Transfer
... • The F factor can exist in three different states: • F+ refers to a factor in an autonomous, extrachromosomal state containing only the genetic information described above. • The "Hfr" (which refers to "high frequency recombination") state describes the situation when the factor has integrated itse ...
... • The F factor can exist in three different states: • F+ refers to a factor in an autonomous, extrachromosomal state containing only the genetic information described above. • The "Hfr" (which refers to "high frequency recombination") state describes the situation when the factor has integrated itse ...
presentation - Harlem Children Society
... Two separate ligations are done here; the first one is to insert the mut Hbraf into our constructed plasmid and the next ligation is to insert the wt Hbraf into our constructed plasmid without the mut Hbraf. Transformation is prepared with both newly constructed plasmids thus 62.1mod/oli/Trp2+mutH a ...
... Two separate ligations are done here; the first one is to insert the mut Hbraf into our constructed plasmid and the next ligation is to insert the wt Hbraf into our constructed plasmid without the mut Hbraf. Transformation is prepared with both newly constructed plasmids thus 62.1mod/oli/Trp2+mutH a ...
Effects of Transition Mutations in the Regulatory
... carbon source, they begin a process of differentiation that leads, after about 8 h at 37 "C, to the formation of heat-resistant spores (for a review, see Young & Mandelstam, 1979). During this time many specific genes, which were not transcribed during vegetative growth, become expressed in a regula ...
... carbon source, they begin a process of differentiation that leads, after about 8 h at 37 "C, to the formation of heat-resistant spores (for a review, see Young & Mandelstam, 1979). During this time many specific genes, which were not transcribed during vegetative growth, become expressed in a regula ...
Jalasvuori_Vehicl
... cellular life form that can also have an extracellular state [7, 8]. Virus is not strictly equivalent to the protein-enclosed viral genome. Rather, the extracellular form of a virus should be denoted as a virion, and this virion should not be mistaken for a virus. Viruses, in a complete sense, are o ...
... cellular life form that can also have an extracellular state [7, 8]. Virus is not strictly equivalent to the protein-enclosed viral genome. Rather, the extracellular form of a virus should be denoted as a virion, and this virion should not be mistaken for a virus. Viruses, in a complete sense, are o ...
DNA Sequencing
... • Most methods for cloning pieces of DNA in the laboratory share general features, such as the use of bacteria and their plasmids. • Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome. • Cloned genes are useful for making copies of a particular gene and ...
... • Most methods for cloning pieces of DNA in the laboratory share general features, such as the use of bacteria and their plasmids. • Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome. • Cloned genes are useful for making copies of a particular gene and ...
Advanced Bacterial Conjugation Kit
... resistance to antibiotics is a type of genetic recombination that enables the new recombinant bacterial cell to express resistance to an antibiotic to which it was formerly sensitive. While bacterial chromosomes normally carry all the genes necessary for growth and reproduction, bacteria also contai ...
... resistance to antibiotics is a type of genetic recombination that enables the new recombinant bacterial cell to express resistance to an antibiotic to which it was formerly sensitive. While bacterial chromosomes normally carry all the genes necessary for growth and reproduction, bacteria also contai ...
Document
... The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a noncommercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained from SQA’s NQ Assessment team. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secon ...
... The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a noncommercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained from SQA’s NQ Assessment team. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secon ...
The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign
... involves internalization of foreign DNA in the form of single strands (ss), generated from a double-stranded (ds) substrate, which are recombined into the host genome by homology. Transformation is a widespread process2 which contributes to genetic diversity in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneum ...
... involves internalization of foreign DNA in the form of single strands (ss), generated from a double-stranded (ds) substrate, which are recombined into the host genome by homology. Transformation is a widespread process2 which contributes to genetic diversity in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneum ...
video slide
... widely divergent species provide information in many fields of biology • The more similar the nucleotide sequences between two species, the more closely related these species are in their evolutionary history • Comparative genome studies confirm the relevance of research on simpler organisms to ...
... widely divergent species provide information in many fields of biology • The more similar the nucleotide sequences between two species, the more closely related these species are in their evolutionary history • Comparative genome studies confirm the relevance of research on simpler organisms to ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.