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Identifying sub-tropical grass seedlings
Identifying sub-tropical grass seedlings

... Signal grass is a creeping grass which can form a sward, but under WA conditions behaves as a bunch grass. It has some potential on sandy soils in areas with mild winters and a low incidence of frosts in the NAR, but is generally not suited to the south coast. Seedlings may be identified by: • dist ...
Tillandsia capitata Grisebach, Cat
Tillandsia capitata Grisebach, Cat

... El Seibo in the southeastern part of the island. It differs in so many characters from the type that it should be described as a separate variety, T. capitata var. domingensis nov. var. Rauh et Ariza Julia, Fig. 19. The plant is not stemless, but forms long stems and produces many offsets, so that i ...
Bromeliacece Q3 2013 - Bromeliad Society of Queensland
Bromeliacece Q3 2013 - Bromeliad Society of Queensland

... can only assume that Smith got this information from Macbride 4077, 1946. But ligulate! As for leaves, Meyer, originally was of the opinion they were spineless hence the name, but from Mez 1935 onwards we seem to have sheaths that are spiny and as the leaves age, the blade is deciduous at this join. ...
3.16.05 - El Camino College
3.16.05 - El Camino College

... Nonvascular Plants • PHYLUM: Bryophyta • Nonvascular plants include the liverworts, hornworts, and the mosses. • Nonvascular plants lack vascular tissues throughout their life cycle; they lack true roots, stems, and leaves. • Sperm require water to swim to the egg. ...
Common burdock - Colorado Parks and Wildlife
Common burdock - Colorado Parks and Wildlife

... Seeds/Fruit: Mature flower heads form a prickly bur that readily sticks to clothing or animals. Leaves: Stem leaves are alternate, broadest at the leaf base and somewhat diminished upward. Leaf margins are toothed or wavy, and the entire leaf is wooly beneath and dark green above. Rosette leaves are ...
Morphological-anatomical study of Achillea L. species in western
Morphological-anatomical study of Achillea L. species in western

... used. The study of signs of morphological structure of raw materials was performed according to the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine [3-5]. Raw material was viewed with the naked eye and under a magnifying glass (x10) in daylight. In determination of the anatomical features, Achillea o ...
Miami green bytes - Miami-Dade County Extension Office
Miami green bytes - Miami-Dade County Extension Office

... It is this negative side that will be explored in more detail below. Common to all climbing plants are stems which, to varying degrees, lack sufficient rigidity to grow vertically without some external support. Some are scandent shrubs, such as the Chinese hat plant (Holmskjoldia sanguinea) or yello ...
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy of Flowering Plants

... elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres. Gymnosperms have albuminous cells (cells containing or resembling to egg white or albumen) and sieve cells. They lack sieve tubes and companion cells. Sieve tube elements are also long, tube-like structures, arranged longitudinally and ...
Sporobolus jacquemontii
Sporobolus jacquemontii

... glabrous) and the leaf blades (up to 40 cm long and 2.5-3.5 mm wide) may be flat or somewhat rolled (i.e. convolute). These leaf blades are also hairless (i.e. glabrous) and ...
Field Guide to the Perkins Arboretum and Bird
Field Guide to the Perkins Arboretum and Bird

... seventeen evenly spaced number signs that indicate learning stations along the trail. If you would like to learn more about the ecology of the Arboretum, please follow the trail and stop at each numbered station. Information about the species and habitats you will see at each station is provided on ...
29 Cavender-Bares a.indd - College of Biological Sciences
29 Cavender-Bares a.indd - College of Biological Sciences

... photoinhibition. This term is somewhat problematic because a decline in Fv /Fm may result from a number of different processes, some of which are readily reversible and not indicative of damage, and others which are slowly reversible and can be termed photodamage. Use of the word photoinhibition has ...
Drosera magnifica
Drosera magnifica

... Rivadavia 645 (holotype SPF!, isotypes BHCB!, MO!, P!, RB!, SPF!). Diagnosis:—Drosera magnifica differs from D. graminifolia and D. spiralis by the long prostrate or ascending stems up to 123.5 cm long; by the higher number of active leaves per rosette, which are sessile and broader linear-lanceolat ...
bryophytes - faculty.fairfield.edu
bryophytes - faculty.fairfield.edu

... types of leaves are also referred to as conifers. However, not all gymnosperms have this trait. Two strange exceptions are the gingko and Welwitschia. Welwitschia is endemic to the deserts of Nambia while the gingko is native to Asia. ...
Seed Plants
Seed Plants

... (a) The smallest angiosperm is the duckweed, found floating on ponds. These specimens are about 1/8 inch (3 millimeters) in diameter. (b) The largest angiosperms are eucalyptus trees, which can reach 325 feet (100 meters) in height. Conspicuous flowers, such as those on a eucalyptus tree (b, inset), ...
Osmanthus
Osmanthus

... quite holly-like, though smaller than holly leaves. Tiny white clusters of perfumed flowers appear in early winter. I particularly like Osmanthus heterophyllus ‘Purpureus’, because the young shoots and leaves have a dark polished tint almost like the copper beech, but the purple tint is temporary, a ...
Weed Seedling Identification Guide
Weed Seedling Identification Guide

... the Northern Great Plains states. For broadleaf plants, this guide will be most useful if you have both cotyledon and first true leaves available. For grasses, choose plants with three or more blades and use the newest for examination; characteristics regarding ligule and collar region may not be fu ...
Piper methysticum G. Forster
Piper methysticum G. Forster

... crushed or pounded and mixed with water to produce "kava," an alkaloid stimulant that has a mild narcotic, sedative, or soporific effect and that is drunk both ceremonially and as a social beverage. Other uses: kava is often used as a medium of social and religious interaction. In kava utilizing cul ...
These materials are for Denver Botanic Gardens use only. STEPPE
These materials are for Denver Botanic Gardens use only. STEPPE

... Family: Lamiaceae (Mint) Native range: Russia Genus is widespread in temperate regions and on tropical mountains. Most are annual or perennial herbaceous plants from 5 cm to 1 m tall, but a few are subshrubs (a woody perennial plant - distinguished from a shrub by its ground-hugging stems and lower ...
Invasive Plant Guide
Invasive Plant Guide

... Autumn olive is a multi-stemmed shrub that grows to 20’. Russian olive is a small tree that grows to 30’ and has twigs with a terminal spine. Leaves and twigs on both species are covered by small silver or copper-colored scales. Leaves: Simple and alternate. Autumn olive’s leaves are silver-gray on ...
`Rutschmann`s Orange`
`Rutschmann`s Orange`

... specialists. In fact in 1996 it made its way to Australia as T. crocata ‘Orange’ where it would not offset fast enough to satisfy the demand. In dry Adelaide, Australia, ‘normal’ T. crocata have leaves 7cm long but leaves for ‘Orange’ are 13cm long. Nobody has succeeded in growing self set seed from ...
Florida 4-H Horticulture Identification and Judging
Florida 4-H Horticulture Identification and Judging

... Oval Leaf Shape: Broadly elliptical, with the width usually greater than one half of the length. (See Figure 20.) Ovary: Basal portion of the female flower that becomes a fruit. Ovate Leaf Shape: Egg-shaped, with the broadest half below the middle. (See Figure 21.) Ovoid: Shaped like an egg with the ...
CHAPTER 35
CHAPTER 35

... o These shoots, which include stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs, are often mistaken for roots. ...
Specific plasma membrane aquaporins of the PIP1 subfamily
Specific plasma membrane aquaporins of the PIP1 subfamily

... the second intracellular and in the fifth extracellular loops (LB and LE). In addition to water, some MIPs have been reported to transport solutes including glycerol (aquaglyceroporins), urea, boric acid, ammonia, carbon dioxide and ions. Among the members of the plant MIP family, the PIPs (plasma m ...
Ferns and Fern Allies
Ferns and Fern Allies

... The evolution of vascular tissue and seeds let tracheophytes become fully terrestrial Over 279,000 species of tracheophytes (most of them flowering plants!) ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Usually this growth hormone spreads evenly around the stem, so the stem grows upward. But if light hits the plant from one direction, the growth hormone is distributed unevenly. In fact, more auxin flows down the "shady" side, causing it to grow faster than the "sunny" side of the plant. • This un ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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