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Lecture 12: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Lecture 12: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

... Vascular tissue: Trees • Vascular tissue is located on the outer layers of the tree. bark _______ Vascular cambium ...
Perennial - Pender County Center
Perennial - Pender County Center

... purple berries in fall Many cultivars – Leaf spot resistant:  ‘Olivia’ – white, 4’ x 5’ ...
Coastal Flowers at Rye Harbour Nature Reserve
Coastal Flowers at Rye Harbour Nature Reserve

... also be common spotted orchids with smaller pale flowers and spotted leaves. Ragwort flowers are 20mm. The poisons in this plant can be absorbed through the skin, but they are used by the stripy cinnabar moth caterpillars for protection. F Jun-Oct. There is also the very similar, but paler hoary rag ...
Whittlesea weed fact sheet * Pattersons curse
Whittlesea weed fact sheet * Pattersons curse

... flower spike/stem and continue producing fl owers upwards towards the flower stem tip. This often means there are mature seeds already present when the plants are in full bloom and most noticeable. Leaves: Mid-green, oval to lance-shaped leaves which are covered in tiny irritating bristles and deep ...
Whittlesea weed fact sheet – Pattersons curse
Whittlesea weed fact sheet – Pattersons curse

... flower spike/stem and continue producing fl owers upwards towards the flower stem tip. This often means there are mature seeds already present when the plants are in full bloom and most noticeable. Leaves: Mid-green, oval to lance-shaped leaves which are covered in tiny irritating bristles and deep ...
gesneriads - Chicago Botanic Garden
gesneriads - Chicago Botanic Garden

... be monitored carefully in the winter to avoid temperatures below 55 degrees Fahrenheit, which may damage the plants. Windowsill gardeners, too, will find many gesneriads adapted to the environments they can provide. Trays of moist gravel will help add the humidity that some species need. Sills can b ...
Endemism in two new species of Dendrophthora
Endemism in two new species of Dendrophthora

... Description Very stout, glabrous, bright green plants, dichotomous by abortion of the shoot apex after forming one pair of foliage leaves; innovations with 3 or 4 pairs of blunt cataphylls, the basal ones ca. 4 mm above the base, the upper ones about halfway to the foliage leaves. Internodes terete, ...
Oligoneuron rigidum, aka Solidago rigida
Oligoneuron rigidum, aka Solidago rigida

... perfectly suited to our local growing conditions. When choosing native plants, pollinator species do not use size as their guide, they use smell and colour as indicators. Planting a variety of flowers with a wide colour range and interspersed with grasses and sedges will help attract pollinators and ...
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF

... nonglandular hairs . Leaf There was single-layered epidermis on both sides of the leaf. The upper epidermis had a thicker cuticle than the lower one. Epidermal cells were orbicular in cross section. The mesophyll was unifacial, about 1024 μm thick. It comprised 10–12 layers of round-shaped parenchym ...
4.4 Plants
4.4 Plants

... To be able to investigate the best place for growing a plant. To know the main parts of flowering plants and be able to recognise these parts on different plants (including trees and bushes) To know that trees and bushes are flowering plants. To know when a seed is starting to grow. To understand a ...
Morphometric analyses of mixed Dactylorhiza colonies (Orchidaceae)
Morphometric analyses of mixed Dactylorhiza colonies (Orchidaceae)

... measuring the many plants suspected of being hybrids, and restricted their analyses to pol) graphs and bar charts. These limitations are unfortunate, since an adequate description of morphological \ ariation within such populations requires multik ariate anal! ses encompassing putative hybrids as we ...
SOME COMMON SHADE TREE GALLS
SOME COMMON SHADE TREE GALLS

... is protected within the structure. This means that remedial actions, other than pruning in some cases, are not effective. Preventive action is necessary to attempt to reduce the infestation the following season and these may be of limited value. Fortunately, most galls, especially those on leaves an ...
A new type of Kranz anatomy in Asteraceae
A new type of Kranz anatomy in Asteraceae

... (a) The Atriplicoid type (e.g. Chrysanthellum indicum var. afroamericanum) with numerous and simple KUs; the Isostigma type with numerous, simple and compound KUs is an intermediate step and the Eryngiophyllum type with only one compound KU and sclerenchyma tissue; (b) change in the patterns of vasc ...
Vines - Moreton Bay Regional Council
Vines - Moreton Bay Regional Council

... Imported vine species have an advantage over local native vines because the natural controls from their places of origin were not imported with them. Weed vines do not provide food for the variety of native animals that native vines do. Weed vines often need specialist control techniques. The curren ...
Pests of Trees and Palms in Hawai`i
Pests of Trees and Palms in Hawai`i

... fiddlewood, hibiscus, and plumeria, • Plumeria is the most preferred, but other host plants with lighter infestations found on include many vegetable, ornamental, fruit, and shade other plants such as hau, milo, trees in Hawaii avocado, citrus, and guava. ...
Ch. 35 - Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District
Ch. 35 - Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District

... o These shoots, which include stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs, are often mistaken for roots. ...
Class Notes
Class Notes

... o These shoots, which include stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs, are often mistaken for roots. ...
Gymnosperm
Gymnosperm

... 70 genera and 600–630 species), conifers are of immense ecological importance: They are the dominant plants over huge areas of land, especially the boreal forests of the northern hemisphere, and in similar cool climates in ...
Ch. 35
Ch. 35

... o These shoots, which include stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs, are often mistaken for roots. ...
Effect of physical and chemical mutagens on morphological
Effect of physical and chemical mutagens on morphological

... varieties under the changing climatic conditions would be the most ideal approach before any new cost effective techniques are developed which are freely available without too many regulations. The purpose of induced mutations is to enhance the mutation frequency rate in order to select appropriate ...
Fringing Vegetation Fringing Vegetation
Fringing Vegetation Fringing Vegetation

... have lignin. Stems are usually brown, and some species have minute fine hairs. Moss leaves are usually arranged in a spiral with a central mid-rib and a distinct border. Leaves are very thin, often only one cell thick so moisture goes directly into the leaves. Instead of roots, moss has rhizoids whi ...
Helleborus diversity in Slovenia
Helleborus diversity in Slovenia

... the great diversity of H. niger most of the variations do not show a sufficient number of distinguishing features to be of any taxonomic significance. They are nonetheless important in the horticultural sense, since these variants can also have names of their own. The fragrant hellebore (Helleborus ...
Section Peltanthera, subsection Centranthifolii [synonym
Section Peltanthera, subsection Centranthifolii [synonym

... margins; entire but leaves rarely slightly toothed, Upper leaf-disk cup-like, to 6 cm (2 ¼”) long & as wide, most stem leaves & bracts connate (merged around stem), deep blue-green. Inflorescence: Leafy, not distinct from leafy stem, very long, opening new flowers as it elongates, blooms a long time ...
Herbs, Part 1 - Redding Garden Club
Herbs, Part 1 - Redding Garden Club

... me to get me started. Miss Plum’s Particulars carried her products for four years —what a gift. I also sold herb plants grown by Gilberties, which closed the loop. Caprilands Herb Farm is still open to the public April-December. Call 860-742-7244, but Adelma is no longer there; she died in 1997. The ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... • Hardwood cuttings are used to propagate evergreens and deciduous plants with wood stems – The cuttings are made during the winter when the plant is in the dormant stage – The cuttings are 6 to 8 inches in length and are dipped in rooting hormone before planting in moist medium – Several months lat ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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