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Featured Pest: Common Burdock
Featured Pest: Common Burdock

... In the second year the plant re-emerges from the rootstock to produce rosette which is bushier then that of the first year plant. The flowering stalks appear in the second-year. The flowing stems are erect, 60-180cm high, branched, hollow in crossection and grooved lengthwise. Common burdock proudce ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis

... …photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy ...
CB098-008.34_Photosynthesis_B
CB098-008.34_Photosynthesis_B

... known as cool season grasses. Other C3 plants include bean and many trees and shrubs. C3 plants may have problems in extreme hot weather because oxygen gas levels are higher than carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. C3 plants have high carbon dioxide compensation points (Lower Photosynthetic Eff ...
Enhanced Photosynthetic Performance and
Enhanced Photosynthetic Performance and

... of the Aco1 mutant revealed that it exhibited a decreased flux through the TCA cycle and decreased levels of TCA cycle intermediates but was characterized by elevated adenylate levels and an increased rate of carbon dioxide assimilation. In addition, although it must be taken into account that S. pe ...
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL

... texture to pear fruits. ...
Amaryllidaceae - Williams College
Amaryllidaceae - Williams College

... Allium tricoccum, Wild Leek -- Leafs first in the early spring and then in summer after the leaves have senesced, puts up a flowering stalk. ...
68.50k - PlantingScience.org
68.50k - PlantingScience.org

... All the seed are doing a fine job. They have at least 3 green leaves now each. All six are now ready for a big step. Are green, the stems are white. Grew like three times more. Have strong, and healthy stems and leaves. The sprouts are The sprouts are growing very quickly, but the plants them self’s ...
Invasive Plants Field and Reference Guide: An Ecological
Invasive Plants Field and Reference Guide: An Ecological

... 2-12 cm (3⁄4 to 43⁄4 in) long, arranged in a basal rosette that forms the first year and persists through winter; upper leaves alternate, triangular, toothed.15,8,4,7 Stems: Up to about 1 m (3 ft); one flowering stem per rosette, but up to six;4,17 may branch.8,4,7 Flowers: Second year; numerous; 5- ...
Invasive Species Field Guide
Invasive Species Field Guide

... 2-12 cm (3⁄4 to 43⁄4 in) long, arranged in a basal rosette that forms the first year and persists through winter; upper leaves alternate, triangular, toothed.15,8,4,7 Stems: Up to about 1 m (3 ft); one flowering stem per rosette, but up to six;4,17 may branch.8,4,7 Flowers: Second year; numerous; 5- ...
Recognising water weeds - Plant identification guide
Recognising water weeds - Plant identification guide

... Leaves: ■■Opposite ■■Spear-shaped, 2.5–8 cm long, 0.6–2 cm wide ■■Serrated margin Flowers: ■■Yellowish flowers in leaf axils (stem and leaf junction) ■■Summer Similar looking species ■■Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides): single white ball-like flower on stalk and hollow stem ...
Bathurst burr - Enviro Data SA
Bathurst burr - Enviro Data SA

... vomiting, depression and weakness. Death may occur within hours or days. In South America Bathurst burr has been used for medicine and dye. Recognition Bathurst burr is an erect, densely branched annual herb to 1m high with a branched taproot. The upper surface of leaves are dark green and shiny, wh ...
Forage oat variety guide 2015 - Department of Agriculture and
Forage oat variety guide 2015 - Department of Agriculture and

... Intermediate and late-maturing varieties remain vegetative until late in the season and provide a longer duration of grazing for livestock. If possible, first grazing should be delayed until secondary roots are well established and before stems begin to elongate. Grazing can commence when there is e ...
CHAPTER 36
CHAPTER 36

... o A species may have one leaf per node (alternate, or spiral, phyllotaxy), two leaves per node (opposite phyllotaxy), or more (whorled phyllotaxy). o Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy, with leaves arranged in an ascending spiral around the stem. o Each successive leaf emerges about 137.5 f ...
The characters which distinguish the classes
The characters which distinguish the classes

... neat categories we create for them. This does not mean that such characters cannot be useful in recognizing monocots, but it does mean that no one character will always work - it is best to compare on a number of features. The three characters which are most closely congruent with the usual definiti ...
Concepts in Biology, First Edition Sylvia Mader
Concepts in Biology, First Edition Sylvia Mader

... Cotyledons – seed leaves with nutrients that nourish the embryo ...
identifying northern utah`s flowering plants
identifying northern utah`s flowering plants

... Before starting into the formal key for identifying North Utah's plants to family, you need to make an important decision: Is you plant a monocot or not? To make this decision, use the table below. Base your decision on at least two of the above characters. There are exceptions to almost every state ...
Rhododendrons - Shore Acres State Park
Rhododendrons - Shore Acres State Park

... ‘Loderi King George’ – large (o en tree-like) rhodie with huge pinkish-white fragrant flowers; late April to early June; very beau ful plant that requires protec on from direct sun and exposure to wind Collec on of tree rhodies – very large leaves (up to 18” long); na ve to Himalaya of China and Ind ...
The Cultivated Species of Chamaedorea with Cespitose Habit and
The Cultivated Species of Chamaedorea with Cespitose Habit and

... Chamaedorea costaricana is a most variable speciesthroughout its rather wide range. Different species have been proposedbasedprincipally on sizeand number of parts and prominence of nerves of the pinnae. I have examined the type of C. costaricana and thoseofthe other species I include in synonymy he ...
Spotty Dotty Asian Mayapple
Spotty Dotty Asian Mayapple

... medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance perennial, and is best cleaned up in early spring before it resumes active growth for the season. It has no significant negative ...
tillandsia ionantha
tillandsia ionantha

... is satisfactory for bromeliad growth, but most species must not be exposed to the direct rays of the sun. In most instances, a bromeliad will indicate by its growth habit whether light levels are satisfactory. A yellowish or pale green plant may indicate that the light level is too high. Conversely, ...
Chapter Two - HOW THE GLADIOLUS GROWS
Chapter Two - HOW THE GLADIOLUS GROWS

... look again to what is taking place underground while the leaves and flowers are forming above it. For one thing, the contractile roots are continuing to grow and to bring food to the plant. At the same time, a swelling of the base of the new flower stem is taking place. This ultimately will become t ...
COCONUT As An Ornamental
COCONUT As An Ornamental

... for many types of decorations. Polynesians use the midribs of leaves for brooms, to hold flowers to string leis, and for pins. The sheath at the base of the stem of the leaf is woven into sandals and strainers. The shells of the nuts are used as containers and implements. They are made into charcoal ...
Conservation status and effects of harvest on an endemic
Conservation status and effects of harvest on an endemic

... Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and southern Maharashtra. The epithet circinalis, (Latin for coiled), refers to the circinate pattern of leaflet unfolding. It is arborescent, growing up to 8 m high, sometimes branched, with old leaf bases usually prominent but sometimes weathering away to a more or less smoot ...
ds - EPPO
ds - EPPO

... P. stewartii subsp. stewartii may be transmitted in seed, and occasionally overwinters in soil, manure or maize stalks. However, these means are of little importance compared with the insect vectors which harbour the pathogen during hibernation, and transfer the bacterium from one plant to another d ...
Butterfly bush - Clemson University
Butterfly bush - Clemson University

... Carolina; however, it may be killed to the ground during harsh winters. In some areas of the US, it is considered weedy, and its planting is discouraged. This does not seem to be as much of an issue in the southeast with the exception of B. Lindleyana which suckers prolifically. Weedy seedlings shou ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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