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Gymnosperms and the Seed Fig. 15.7
Gymnosperms and the Seed Fig. 15.7

... Peculiarities: xylem structure and reproduction Gnetales have vessels in the xylem in addition to tracheids - an angiosperm-like feature Gnetales undergo a form of double fertilization, unique in non-flowering seed plants, and more like angiosperms ...
A Study on the Medicinal Usage of Flora and Fauna
A Study on the Medicinal Usage of Flora and Fauna

... data was collected by personal interviews, questionnaires and expeditions. The plants were located, photographed and specimens were taken for identification. The scientific names of these plants were identified and arranged in a logical manner. The survey revealed that there were 44 different medici ...
Document
Document

... (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), possessed two important features that allowed them to live on land: 1) a waxy cuticle to protect against desiccation (drying out) and 2) protection of gametes and embryos in a protective jacket made of cells. Even with these adaptations, early land plants were st ...
Chapter 17 - 18 Lecture Printout
Chapter 17 - 18 Lecture Printout

... Explant/Propagule • the piece of the plant  used to initiate the  micropropagation process ...
Anatomy - Helping Material for Botany
Anatomy - Helping Material for Botany

... sections of the stem must also be studied. In this article, we will focus only on stems in cross-section. You can obtain some general information about major plant groups by visiting the Science Olympiad section of our website. ...
Raising Penstemons in Montana
Raising Penstemons in Montana

... APS Trip to southern Wyoming and northwest Colorado An APS outing to southern Wyoming and northwest Colorado took me into a country of new and different Penstemons, including P. osterhoutii and cyathophorus, both in the Anularius section. They are quite similar, wee compact plants with short stems o ...
Ch. 31 Presentation
Ch. 31 Presentation

... 31.4 Many plants have modified roots, stems, and leaves  Stems may be modified as – stolons, for asexual reproduction, – tubers, for storage and asexual reproduction, – rhizomes, for storage and asexual reproduction, or – cactus stems, for water storage and photosynthesis. ...
Taro cultivar named `Pa`lehua`
Taro cultivar named `Pa`lehua`

... Quality.--Poi quality 4-4.5 (scale of 1 to 5; 1=poor and 5=excellent). Eating quality 4.5 (scale same as above). Leaves: Number.--Usually a 3-7 month old mother plant maintains 5-6 leaves at a time, each new leaf being produced approximately every 10 days until the corm is ready to harvest. Size.--U ...
Sample Exam 2 - Gardening Solutions
Sample Exam 2 - Gardening Solutions

... the root ball using existing soil so that the plant will sit in the hole at the same level it was growing in the container. Research indicates that the addition of organic amendments is not needed. 5. When should I prune my plants; is there a general rule? The time for major pruning of ornamental pl ...
Document
Document

... seeds Gymnosperms and Angiosperms have vascular tissue, they have complex leaves, and they produce seeds. Rubisco catalyzes a reaction in the CalvinBenson cycle of photosynthesis in which carbon from CO2 is added to a five-carbon ...
table partner review
table partner review

... What is the difference between a fibrous root and a taproot? • A fibrous root system consists of many similarly sized roots that form a dense, tangled mass. ...
Maianthemum racemosum
Maianthemum racemosum

... Height: Its height is 1-3½ feet. Stem: Its stem is single, unbranched, stiff, erect or arching, and slightly zigzag. Leaves: Its leaves are simple and alternate. Each leaf is oblong, oval, elliptical, or lanceolate; bright green above and hairy below; ribbed; about 3-6 inches long and about 1-3 inch ...
Picture: Brassica nigra
Picture: Brassica nigra

... 4. Representative genera and species While the family consists of 350 genera and 3000 species it is of no meaning to put them here all. Therefore will just some of them be presented, but with a lot of characteristics. Raphanus sativus, wild radish. The cross-shaped configuration of the flowers in th ...
Unit 1 Plants - Beck-Shop
Unit 1 Plants - Beck-Shop

... 5 Lastly, Haytham dipped the leaf into water and spread it out on a white tile. The leaf looked white. He added iodine solution to the leaf. Some parts of the leaf went orange-brown, and some went blue-black. On the diagram below, shade in the parts of the leaf that would go blue-black, if Haytham’s ...
Ch. 36
Ch. 36

... o A species may have one leaf per node (alternate, or spiral, phyllotaxy), two leaves per node (opposite phyllotaxy), or more (whorled phyllotaxy). o Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy, with leaves arranged in an ascending spiral around the stem. o Each successive leaf emerges about 137.5 f ...
Angiosperms - OpenStax CNX
Angiosperms - OpenStax CNX

... form a network in leaves, and ower parts come in four, ve, or many whorls. Vascular tissue forms a ring in the stem; in monocots, vascular tissue is scattered in the stem. Eudicots can be ...
17.3 What Are The Tissues And Cell Types Of Plants?
17.3 What Are The Tissues And Cell Types Of Plants?

...  Flowering plants have a root system and a shoot system (continued). • The part of the plant above ground is the shoot system, and consists of leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit born on stems. • The functions of shoots include photosynthesis, reproduction, and transport between different parts of the ...
Plants Activities - Learning Resources
Plants Activities - Learning Resources

... group do people fit into? Place the yes and no word cards on a table. Then, place the title people in the top row. Place the title plants in the same row, to the right. Place the characteristic cards down the left side of the pocket chart. Read each characteristic, and ask children if it applies to ...
Common Delaware Invasive Species
Common Delaware Invasive Species

... Inhabits floodplains, roadsides and waste places Rapidly colonizes and aggressively outcompetes natives and forms dense thickets Reproduces vegetativly and from seed Best control method is cutting stalks at base, and treating regrowth with 2-3% Garlon® 3A Can also be hand pulled, but all material mu ...
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants

...  11,000 species  habitat = wetlands, especially in tropics  dominant generation is the sporophyte plant ...
Mistletoe
Mistletoe

... Mistletoe Mistletoe in the genus Viscum : • The name was originally applied to Viscum album (European Mistletoe, Santalaceae), the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe. European mistletoe, Viscum album is readily recognized by its smooth-edged oval evergreen leaves borne in pairs ...
Article PHYTOTAXA Commiphora benguelensis
Article PHYTOTAXA Commiphora benguelensis

... In this contribution, a new species of Commiphora from the Kaokoveld Centre is described. During a botanical expedition to southwestern Angola in April 2010, the author encountered an unfamiliar Commiphora with smooth, non-peeling bark and hairy, trifoliolate leaves, resembling C. africana (Richard ...
Auxins
Auxins

... causes the cells on that side to elongate more than those on the illuminated side and the stem “bends” toward the light. Concentration of auxins in root cells in the illuminated side is suitable for cell elongation in that side, and root will bend away from light . ...
Cultivation Guide Alstroemeria
Cultivation Guide Alstroemeria

... open. When sold directly the stems should be harvested when the first flowers have just opened. The stems can be either pulled or cut off. This depends on the variety, the age of the plant, the height of the plants and the degree to which the plants are anchored in the soil. Pulling the stems is not ...
A Vegetative Key to the Willows of Colorado
A Vegetative Key to the Willows of Colorado

... mature leaves (at least 4-6 weeks old, not just emerging from the bud) and twigs pubescent with a fine peach fuzz type hair (sometimes not at the very tip, look at several leaves), individual hairs not distinguishable with the unaided eye. Surface of the leaf is textured, the veins impressed into th ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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