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Studies on the Genus Ophioglossum L. in Pachmarhi Biosphere
Studies on the Genus Ophioglossum L. in Pachmarhi Biosphere

... medially, apex acuminate-obtuse, leaves semiquincuncially arranged, margin entire, costa not very prominent, replaced with less profused venation. Leaves green in color, 2.2-5.8 cm long, and 1.7-2.4 cm wide medially, sessile, originating from subterranean part of rhizome and the base of peduncle, st ...
Pandanus as food - van Veen Organics
Pandanus as food - van Veen Organics

... about 1,000 individual keys which contain the nut which is eaten. On a branch that is about to bear fruit, the leaves are upright and clumped slightly together. The fruit bunch emerges from the centre of these leaves. It hangs close to the trunk amongst the dead hanging leaves. Large leaves (bracts) ...
An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella
An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella

... typically with red foliage. Solitary flowers of wine-red, rarely yellow, are formed in the axils (van Borssum Waalkes, 1966). A number of selections have been released over the years, including a recent release from The University of Georgia, known as H. acetosella ‘Panama Red’ PP20,121. This releas ...
Light Heterogeneity and Plants: from
Light Heterogeneity and Plants: from

... d) Geometry of the Crown, Curiosity or Function? ...
Cordyline fruticosa Negra
Cordyline fruticosa Negra

... Dimensions: A small tree to 4 m generally but it has been noted as reaching 6 m on rare occasions in its natural habitat. Flowers: Intense orange to red flowers are produced on racemes that are commonly spreading on a multi branching stem. The stem is generally produced at the head of the plant, giv ...
Agapanthus - The Von Trapp Greenhouse
Agapanthus - The Von Trapp Greenhouse

... (‘Peter Pan’ and the deep blue ‘Royal Ama’) and some bloom for a limited four to five weeks. The flower stalks may be up to five feet tall or be less than one foot (‘Lilliput’). The individual flowers may be drooping or be angled outward on the umbel. Agapanthus leaves are long, smooth and straplike ...
a. YOUNG PLANT WITH BEGINNINGS OF ROOTS, STEM, LEAVES
a. YOUNG PLANT WITH BEGINNINGS OF ROOTS, STEM, LEAVES

... http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr5/phloem_xylem5.jpg http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab9/images/xylem.gif http://universe-review.ca/I10-22a-xylem.jpg http://www.park.edu/bhoffman/courses/bi225/images/xylem.jpg http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/ ...
Epidermis
Epidermis

... • Stomata varies on different parts of the same leaf and on different leaves on same plant. It is affected by environmental conditions • In leaves it may occur on both sides or only on one side which is usually the lower one. • Vary depending on their position relative to epidermis could be : -even ...
Facts About Galls On Oaks
Facts About Galls On Oaks

... A gall is a growth of plant tissue that starts with an organism’s (insects, mites, fungi) chemical and/or mechanical stimulus, which increases the plant’s production of plant growth hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, etc.). Galls are made of cells that are more numerous or larger than norma ...
O rchids have attracted attention of the taxnomists, ecologists
O rchids have attracted attention of the taxnomists, ecologists

... roots clasping the tree closely. Oblong leaves are 10-20 cm in length and coriaceous in texture. A long panicled receme possesses sweet fragrant pale-pink flowers. This corticolous orchid was collected from branches of tall trees from Khandala and Mahabaleshwar. Palynological observations. Under L.M ...
presentation source
presentation source

... The genera: Acer (maple) is common to both the Old and New Worlds. The other, Dipteronia, occurs only in China. Notes: Acer is the source of maple syrup and many species are valuable timber trees and their wood are used to make furniture. Also used as street and other landscaping trees/shrubs. In th ...
Biology and Management of Horseweed
Biology and Management of Horseweed

... have a shallow layer of silt over a thick clay layer. These soils have relatively poor internal drainage and water holding capacity and require frequent light rains to maintain optimal crop growth. Horseweed tolerates drought conditions well and continues to grow and produce biomass and seed under c ...
Taxodium mucronatum
Taxodium mucronatum

... ...
Giant Rhubarb
Giant Rhubarb

... It can reproduce by both sexual (seed) and asexual (vegetative) means. Each mature plant is capable of producing up to 250,000 drupe-like seeds every year which are then distributed by birds, water and human activity such as the transport and movement of soil containing the seeds. Giant rhubarb can ...
Optimization and computational evaluation of
Optimization and computational evaluation of

... not to have a negative effect on the protein present in the juice as well as in the ...
GIANT RHUBARB Gunnera tinctoria
GIANT RHUBARB Gunnera tinctoria

... It can reproduce by both sexual (seed) and asexual (vegetative) means. Each mature plant is capable of producing up to 250,000 drupe-like seeds every year which are then distributed by birds, water and human activity such as the transport and movement of soil containing the seeds. Giant rhubarb can ...
Field Guide to Noxious and Other Selected Weeds of British Columbia
Field Guide to Noxious and Other Selected Weeds of British Columbia

... radiates from central point. Rosette leaves have entire margins, taper towards the stalk, and are rounded at the tips. Flowering stalks grow from the rosette during the second year. Stem leaves are lance-shaped with entire margins, and are alternately arranged. Stem hairs are painful to touch. Seeds ...
What Is a Plant?
What Is a Plant?

... to all their cells—even those that grow aboveground in the dry air • Water is one of the raw materials of photosynthesis, so it is used up quickly when the sun is shining • Sunny conditions, such as those in a desert, can cause living tissues to dry out • Thus, plants have developed structures that ...
Living Things - Somerset Area School District
Living Things - Somerset Area School District

... grow into a new plant. -Many stay dormant until conditions are right (sometimes hundreds of years). -Seeds need proper water, oxygen, and temperature to germinate. Some need sunlight; some need darkness. They use up their stored food as they grow. ...
PDF - CLIMBERS - University of Michigan
PDF - CLIMBERS - University of Michigan

... purplish gray and ridged. The leaves are opposite and compound (occasionally simple), with 3-5 leaflets per leaf (including a terminal leaflet). These leaflets have serrate-dentate margins and are sometimes lobed. Their shape is ovate to lanceolate with glabrous to sparse pubescence above and silky ...
Arabidopsis flower specific defense gene expression patterns affect
Arabidopsis flower specific defense gene expression patterns affect

... stamen (stage 12) (Smyth et al., 1990). The sepal primordia arise in stage 3 and outgrow the flower primordium (stage 4). Petal and stamen primordia appear at stage 5 and end up completely enclosed by the sepals (Smyth et al., 1990). The Arabidopsis flower organs are arranged in concentric whorls as ...
Kingdoms of Life
Kingdoms of Life

... many cells, its cells tend to do different jobs. For instance, many plants have root cells. Their job is to take in water and nutrients. Root cells do not make food, so they have no chloroplasts. Other cells in the plant make food. Levels of Organization ...
Identifying Ash Trees
Identifying Ash Trees

... when crushed. Hickory leaves have a shiny upper surface and are aromatic when crushed. The terminal leaflet is much larger than the basal leaves. Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and black ...
pub3306WheatPocketGuideFORWEBNov20142WEEDSSECTION / 0.52MB
pub3306WheatPocketGuideFORWEBNov20142WEEDSSECTION / 0.52MB

... cutleaf evening-primrose from October through February. Cutleaf evening-primrose can be controlled with certain herbicides in wheat. Optimum timing Cutleaf evening-promise plant of herbicide application for cutleaf evening-primrose control in rosette growth stage in wheat is in late-fall and very ea ...
Favorites Plants for North Texas Gardens
Favorites Plants for North Texas Gardens

... accented by longer protruding bright red stamens. The blooms take up to 4 hours to open and begin in the afternoon. Once open, that flower only last for one day. In northern Texas, it will die to the ground at the first freeze but will come back in spring. It is both drought and heat tolerant. Its n ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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