The GeOLOGY OF ALMOPIA SPeLeOPARK
... SW-NE and SE-NW directions. An extensional tectonic regime has being active in this area since the Neogene. The AVRs form several distinct centers, consisting of lava domes and subordinate lava flows and dikes. The eruptive centers are surrounded by large amounts of volcanoclastic materials. A chara ...
... SW-NE and SE-NW directions. An extensional tectonic regime has being active in this area since the Neogene. The AVRs form several distinct centers, consisting of lava domes and subordinate lava flows and dikes. The eruptive centers are surrounded by large amounts of volcanoclastic materials. A chara ...
Chapter 9
... • a long narrow continental trough bounded by faults, • extending from the Lake Superior basin southwest into Kansas, • and a southeasterly branch extends through Michigan into Ohio ...
... • a long narrow continental trough bounded by faults, • extending from the Lake Superior basin southwest into Kansas, • and a southeasterly branch extends through Michigan into Ohio ...
Crustal architecture of the Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia and
... A 581 km vibroseis-source, deep seismic reflection survey was acquired through the Capricorn Orogen of Western Australia and, for the first time, provides an unprecedented view of the deep crustal architecture of the West Australian Craton. The survey has imaged three principal suture zones, as well ...
... A 581 km vibroseis-source, deep seismic reflection survey was acquired through the Capricorn Orogen of Western Australia and, for the first time, provides an unprecedented view of the deep crustal architecture of the West Australian Craton. The survey has imaged three principal suture zones, as well ...
Igneous rocks
... minerals can’t be seen (for instance, in a volcanic glass), leave the mineral space blank. ...
... minerals can’t be seen (for instance, in a volcanic glass), leave the mineral space blank. ...
Cache Creek-Nicola Contact, Ashcroft Area
... foliation is parallel or subparallel to bedding throughout most of the area. Occasionally, within the space of tens of metres, outcrops grade from schist into massive, poorly foliated rock. Sericitizaticr along planes of foliation is common, and foliation surfaces often have a micaceous luster. Kink ...
... foliation is parallel or subparallel to bedding throughout most of the area. Occasionally, within the space of tens of metres, outcrops grade from schist into massive, poorly foliated rock. Sericitizaticr along planes of foliation is common, and foliation surfaces often have a micaceous luster. Kink ...
SGES 1302 Lecture4
... scale motions of the Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompassed and superseded the older theory of continental drift from the first half of the 20th century and the concept of seafloor spreading developed during the 1960s. The outermost part of the Earth's interior is made up of two layers: the lit ...
... scale motions of the Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompassed and superseded the older theory of continental drift from the first half of the 20th century and the concept of seafloor spreading developed during the 1960s. The outermost part of the Earth's interior is made up of two layers: the lit ...
epicontinental seas
... depressed and has not finished rising, when uplift is complete both seas will mostly or entirely disappear. ...
... depressed and has not finished rising, when uplift is complete both seas will mostly or entirely disappear. ...
S. Peacock (UBC) - Earth and Space Sciences
... Slab age at deformation front = 7.5 Ma (Wilson, 1993) Orthogonal convergence rate = 40 mm/yr (NUVEL-1A) Plate geometry of Rogers (1998) ...
... Slab age at deformation front = 7.5 Ma (Wilson, 1993) Orthogonal convergence rate = 40 mm/yr (NUVEL-1A) Plate geometry of Rogers (1998) ...
Earthquakes
... The plates that make up the earth’s crust are moving towards or away from each other at a rate of a few millimeters a year. It is believed convection currents in the earth’s mantle cause the plates to move. The movement is not smooth, and sudden movements cause earthquakes. There are four types of p ...
... The plates that make up the earth’s crust are moving towards or away from each other at a rate of a few millimeters a year. It is believed convection currents in the earth’s mantle cause the plates to move. The movement is not smooth, and sudden movements cause earthquakes. There are four types of p ...
LECTURE 19
... the Skiddaw Aureole, UK • The aureole around the Skiddaw granite was sub-divided into three zones, principally on the basis of textures: ...
... the Skiddaw Aureole, UK • The aureole around the Skiddaw granite was sub-divided into three zones, principally on the basis of textures: ...
Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt
... by Early Paleogene time there was a change in the subduction angle from steep to gentle and the Farallon plate moved nearly horizontally beneath North America ...
... by Early Paleogene time there was a change in the subduction angle from steep to gentle and the Farallon plate moved nearly horizontally beneath North America ...
1 Lecture 24: Convergent boundaries November 22, 2006
... Convergent boundaries are characterized by consumption of oceaninc crust in subduction zones, with attendant arc volcanism, metamorphism and uplift. During their early phases, convergent boundaries are initiated by the rupture and sinking of oceanic crust , probably related to a change in plate moti ...
... Convergent boundaries are characterized by consumption of oceaninc crust in subduction zones, with attendant arc volcanism, metamorphism and uplift. During their early phases, convergent boundaries are initiated by the rupture and sinking of oceanic crust , probably related to a change in plate moti ...
Preliminary geochemical data for dolerite dykes and sills of the
... of the Etendeka region and Karoo rocks occurring elsewhere in southern Africa, we propose to regard them as constituting a separate Etendeka Igneous Province which exhibits a close lithological, geochemical and temporal correlation with the Paraná Flood Basalt Province of South America. In previous ...
... of the Etendeka region and Karoo rocks occurring elsewhere in southern Africa, we propose to regard them as constituting a separate Etendeka Igneous Province which exhibits a close lithological, geochemical and temporal correlation with the Paraná Flood Basalt Province of South America. In previous ...
Introduction to the British Tertiary
... therefore post-dates the Rum central complex which had been deeply eroded and unroofed by the time the intervening lavas were erupted. This sequence also demonstrates that there were at least two periods when lava piles built up, one before and one after emplacement of the Rum central complex. By co ...
... therefore post-dates the Rum central complex which had been deeply eroded and unroofed by the time the intervening lavas were erupted. This sequence also demonstrates that there were at least two periods when lava piles built up, one before and one after emplacement of the Rum central complex. By co ...
Rocks
... lava that cover large areas. This magma makes up much of the ocean floor. Temperatures of basaltic magma range from 900 to 12000 at the surface. IT contains a high percentage of iron and magnesium. The presence of these elements produces igneous rocks that are generally quite dense and dark in color ...
... lava that cover large areas. This magma makes up much of the ocean floor. Temperatures of basaltic magma range from 900 to 12000 at the surface. IT contains a high percentage of iron and magnesium. The presence of these elements produces igneous rocks that are generally quite dense and dark in color ...
millenderdale
... Farm. The gabbro has been pervasively hornfelsed and in places is altered to a dark, granulartextured mafic rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, pyroxene and amphibole; the dykes were probably doleritic originally but have been almost entirely altered to a similar lithology. The Millenderdale ...
... Farm. The gabbro has been pervasively hornfelsed and in places is altered to a dark, granulartextured mafic rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, pyroxene and amphibole; the dykes were probably doleritic originally but have been almost entirely altered to a similar lithology. The Millenderdale ...
GY 112 Lecture Notes - University of South Alabama
... associated with deep marine sedimentary rocks like chalk, greywacke and black shale. Were it to occur within a continental setting, those basalts will be associated with granites, arkose and breccias. There is one other paleotectonic setting that should be mentioned here. It is the setting when you ...
... associated with deep marine sedimentary rocks like chalk, greywacke and black shale. Were it to occur within a continental setting, those basalts will be associated with granites, arkose and breccias. There is one other paleotectonic setting that should be mentioned here. It is the setting when you ...
Geology and U-Pb geochronology of Proterozoic rocks
... of Socorro, New Mexico; Proterozoic rocks crop out along the eastern flank of the range (fig. 1). McLemore (1980) has described the geology of the Proterozoic rocks exposed in the Lemitar Mountains and Figure 7 is adapted from her geologic map. The major Proterozoic rock types exposed in the Lemitar ...
... of Socorro, New Mexico; Proterozoic rocks crop out along the eastern flank of the range (fig. 1). McLemore (1980) has described the geology of the Proterozoic rocks exposed in the Lemitar Mountains and Figure 7 is adapted from her geologic map. The major Proterozoic rock types exposed in the Lemitar ...
Itinerary - Cin
... cyanobacteria, which are photosynthetic. During photosynthesis, CO2 is consumed, causing the waters around the bacteria to increase in pH, promoting carbonate precipitation. In order to photosynthesize, the algal mounds must be shallow. Describe and sketch these algal mounds. What are the scales o ...
... cyanobacteria, which are photosynthetic. During photosynthesis, CO2 is consumed, causing the waters around the bacteria to increase in pH, promoting carbonate precipitation. In order to photosynthesize, the algal mounds must be shallow. Describe and sketch these algal mounds. What are the scales o ...
Minerals, Rocks and Resources Outline
... – Renewable resources can be replaced after they have been used • trees, fresh water, wind – Nonrenewable resources cannot be replenished after they are used for millions of years, if at all • Metals - gold, copper, iron, Fossil Fuels – coal, oil and natural gas Alternative Energy Sources • Solar en ...
... – Renewable resources can be replaced after they have been used • trees, fresh water, wind – Nonrenewable resources cannot be replenished after they are used for millions of years, if at all • Metals - gold, copper, iron, Fossil Fuels – coal, oil and natural gas Alternative Energy Sources • Solar en ...
Notes and Discussions RICHARD H. SILLITOE Institute de
... mantle at the East Pacific Rise, transported to the margins of the Pacific basin and thrust beneath the continental margins by the process of sea-floor spreading. This model surmounts the problem of envisaging the existence in the crust or upper mantle of long, narrow zones characterized by a concen ...
... mantle at the East Pacific Rise, transported to the margins of the Pacific basin and thrust beneath the continental margins by the process of sea-floor spreading. This model surmounts the problem of envisaging the existence in the crust or upper mantle of long, narrow zones characterized by a concen ...
1 Introduction Contents
... of former foreland basins into younger interior basins. This tectonic process modifies the sedimentary dynamics of these basins, now internally drained by river networks that are incapable of ejecting sediments out of the system. This decrease in erosional capacities, caused by margin growth, forces ...
... of former foreland basins into younger interior basins. This tectonic process modifies the sedimentary dynamics of these basins, now internally drained by river networks that are incapable of ejecting sediments out of the system. This decrease in erosional capacities, caused by margin growth, forces ...
Great Lakes tectonic zone
The Great Lakes tectonic zone is bounded by South Dakota at its tip and heads northeast to south of Duluth, Minnesota, then heads east through northern Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan, and then trends more northeasterly to skim the northern-most shores of lakes Michigan and Huron before ending in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area.During the Late Archean Era the Algoman orogeny added landmass to the Superior province by volcanic activity and continental collision along a boundary that stretches from present-day South Dakota, U.S., into the Lake Huron region near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.This crustal boundary is the Great Lakes tectonic zone. It is 1,400 km (870 mi) long, and separates the older Archean gneissic terrane to the south from younger Late Archean greenstone-granite terrane to the north.The zone is characterized by active compression during the Algoman orogeny (about 2,700 million years ago), a pulling-apart (extensional) tectonics (2,450 to 2,100 million years ago), a second compression during the Penokean orogeny (1,900 to 1,850 million years ago), a second extension during Middle Proterozoic time (1,600 million years ago) and minor reactivation during Phanerozoic time (the past 500 million years).Collision began along the Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) with the Algoman mountain-building event and continued for tens of millions of years. During the formation of the GLTZ, the gneissic Minnesota River Valley subprovince was thrust up onto the Superior province's edge as it consumed the Superior province's oceanic crust. Fragmentation of the Kenorland supercontinent began 2,450 million years ago and was completed by 2,100 million years ago. The Wyoming province is the continental landmass that is hypothesized to have rifted away from the southern Superior province portion of Kenorland, before moving rapidly west and docking with the Laurentia supercontinent 1,850 to 1,715 million years ago. Sedimentation from the GLTZ-rifting environment continued into the Penokean orogeny, which is the next major tectonic event in the Great Lakes region. Several earthquakes have been documented in Minnesota, Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Sudbury in the last 120 years along the GLTZ.