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Sleep Related Disorders
Sleep Related Disorders

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Multicultural Diagnosis and Conceptualization

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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) - The University of Western Australia
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) - The University of Western Australia

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Does This Patient Have Generalized Anxiety or Panic Disorder? The

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anxiety - Alzbrain.org

... subcortical regions. Both excessive and inadequate anxiety can produce dysfunction. Excessive anxiety produces disorders while inadequate anxiety is seen in some antisocial personality disorders. Although many types of anxiety disorders are listed in the DSM IVR, the five most common clinical syndro ...
personality disorders - People Server at UNCW
personality disorders - People Server at UNCW

... • Causes: There are as many potential causes of personality disorders as there are people who suffer from them. – May be caused by a combination of parental upbringing, one's personality and social development, as well as genetic and biological factors. Research has not narrowed down the cause to an ...
Psychiatric co-morbidities in autistic spectrum disorders.
Psychiatric co-morbidities in autistic spectrum disorders.

... Autism has come a long way from Kanner’s “infantile schizophrenia”1 and misguided notions of “refrigerator mothers” 2 to a well-recognized pervasive developmental disorder. Today the National Autistic Society has over 20,000 members and educational interventions, such as the Picture Exchange Communi ...
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Spectrum disorder



A spectrum disorder is a mental disorder that includes a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits. The different elements of a spectrum either have a similar appearance or are thought to be caused by the same underlying mechanism. In either case, a spectrum approach is taken because there appears to be ""not a unitary disorder but rather a syndrome composed of subgroups"". The spectrum may represent a range of severity, comprising relatively ""severe"" mental disorders through to relatively ""mild and nonclinical deficits"".In some cases, a spectrum approach joins together conditions that were previously considered separately. A notable example of this trend is the autism spectrum, where conditions on this spectrum may now all be referred to as autism spectrum disorders. In other cases, what was treated as a single disorder comes to be seen (or seen once again) as comprising a range of types, a notable example being the bipolar spectrum. A spectrum approach may also expand the type or the severity of issues which are included, which may lessen the gap with other diagnoses or with what is considered ""normal"". Proponents of this approach argue that it is in line with evidence of gradations in the type or severity of symptoms in the general population, and helps reduce the stigma associated with a diagnosis. Critics, however, argue that it can take attention and resources away from the most serious conditions associated with the most disability, or on the other hand could unduly medicalize problems which are simply challenges people face in life.
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