Climate-Smart Marine Protected Areas
... • Tips on Naming a Certifying Authority: • Name a certifying authority outside the MPA or its network and/or agency; this adds integrity and defensibility to the certification process. • Ensure the Certifying Authority has the relevant expertise, including about MPAs, to ...
... • Tips on Naming a Certifying Authority: • Name a certifying authority outside the MPA or its network and/or agency; this adds integrity and defensibility to the certification process. • Ensure the Certifying Authority has the relevant expertise, including about MPAs, to ...
Adapting_to_Climate_Change_ - MDG-F
... on climate change won’t create or exaggerate these other vulnerabilities; ...
... on climate change won’t create or exaggerate these other vulnerabilities; ...
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... such as infrastructure or research and development plus trades off with consumption. Thus the issue is: What is the appropriate level of climate investment versus traditional consumption and investment considering the effects that climate change would have on well being? Wang and McCarl, (2013) stud ...
... such as infrastructure or research and development plus trades off with consumption. Thus the issue is: What is the appropriate level of climate investment versus traditional consumption and investment considering the effects that climate change would have on well being? Wang and McCarl, (2013) stud ...
IPCC Factsheet: What is the IPCC?
... IPCC Factsheet: What is the IPCC? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide ...
... IPCC Factsheet: What is the IPCC? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide ...
Vulnerability to climate change in three hot spots in Africa and Asia
... US $20–30 billion per year by 2030 at the latest (Fankhauser and Schmidt-Traub 2011). Although some mechanisms are being set up to finance actions to respond to the challenges posed by climate change (see Biagini et al. 2014), it is important to tackle the uncertainty associated with programming for ...
... US $20–30 billion per year by 2030 at the latest (Fankhauser and Schmidt-Traub 2011). Although some mechanisms are being set up to finance actions to respond to the challenges posed by climate change (see Biagini et al. 2014), it is important to tackle the uncertainty associated with programming for ...
POPRC-9/8: Guidance on how to assess the possible impact of
... proposed for listing. It is a systematically narrative review, which is science-based and aims to describe the state-of-the-art science using the weight-of-evidence approach. The review shall be nuanced, trying to get all aspects of relevance integrated in a balanced manner, including positive and n ...
... proposed for listing. It is a systematically narrative review, which is science-based and aims to describe the state-of-the-art science using the weight-of-evidence approach. The review shall be nuanced, trying to get all aspects of relevance integrated in a balanced manner, including positive and n ...
ece11 Asheim 16688487 en
... measures to justify their present costs. This was one of the earliest findings in the economic literature on climate change (cf. Cline, 1992; Nordhaus, 1991). One way of treating generations equally is to evaluate policies according to undiscounted utilitarianism, whereby future utilities are summed ...
... measures to justify their present costs. This was one of the earliest findings in the economic literature on climate change (cf. Cline, 1992; Nordhaus, 1991). One way of treating generations equally is to evaluate policies according to undiscounted utilitarianism, whereby future utilities are summed ...
Responding to Threats of Climate Change Mega
... flooding, droughts, and hurricanes. What has received significantly less attention is the possibility that a number of smaller disasters all occurring over a relatively short time period, especially in close proximity, could mutually reinforce each other in such a way that the resulting cascade of c ...
... flooding, droughts, and hurricanes. What has received significantly less attention is the possibility that a number of smaller disasters all occurring over a relatively short time period, especially in close proximity, could mutually reinforce each other in such a way that the resulting cascade of c ...
... production are expected to rise. In aggregate, in every decade up to 2050, these sub-sectors combined are expected to experience a gain under climate change with the highest gains under A2. By 2050, the cumulative gain under A2 is calculated as approximately US$389.35 million and approximately US$31 ...
COP 17 and accountants: where next? AccountAncy futures
... Broadly, the consensus of our experts is as follows. • The Kyoto Protocol was a breakthrough agreement, but a flawed one. Its failure to address the future obligations of countries not covered by the agreement has created a political stand-off preventing any new international agreement on emissions ...
... Broadly, the consensus of our experts is as follows. • The Kyoto Protocol was a breakthrough agreement, but a flawed one. Its failure to address the future obligations of countries not covered by the agreement has created a political stand-off preventing any new international agreement on emissions ...
Arunanondchai, P., C.C. Fei, A.C. Fisher, B.A. McCarl, W.W. Wang
... One is that they omit the potential increase in global mean temperature (GMT) due to Arctic permafrost melting and release of carbon dioxide and methane. This omission may be defensible on the grounds that the cumulative release is uncertain at this time, but it is already occurring on a small scale ...
... One is that they omit the potential increase in global mean temperature (GMT) due to Arctic permafrost melting and release of carbon dioxide and methane. This omission may be defensible on the grounds that the cumulative release is uncertain at this time, but it is already occurring on a small scale ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RARE DISASTERS, TAIL-HEDGED INVESTMENTS, AND RISK-ADJUSTED DISCOUNT RATES
... further ado, for the purposes of this paper I identify the economy-wide average return on all investments as being re = 7%. The riskfree rate on a safe investment is typically proxied by the average real return on very short term U.S. treasury bills. This number is about one percent per year.3 Once ...
... further ado, for the purposes of this paper I identify the economy-wide average return on all investments as being re = 7%. The riskfree rate on a safe investment is typically proxied by the average real return on very short term U.S. treasury bills. This number is about one percent per year.3 Once ...
Download paper (PDF)
... To set the stage, we begin by surveying the area where economics has the least direct relevance: understanding the relationship between greenhouse gas buildup and possible future climate states. What can the scientiÞc community tell us about these relationships, and with what degree of certainty? Th ...
... To set the stage, we begin by surveying the area where economics has the least direct relevance: understanding the relationship between greenhouse gas buildup and possible future climate states. What can the scientiÞc community tell us about these relationships, and with what degree of certainty? Th ...
Page 1 of 2 IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4/1
... observations and new analyses have broadened our understanding and enabled many uncertainties to be reduced. New information has also led to some new questions in areas such as unanticipated changes in ice sheets, their potential effect on sea level rise, and the implications of complex interactions ...
... observations and new analyses have broadened our understanding and enabled many uncertainties to be reduced. New information has also led to some new questions in areas such as unanticipated changes in ice sheets, their potential effect on sea level rise, and the implications of complex interactions ...
Have disaster losses increased due to anthropogenic climate change?
... Some major studies on the costs of climate change have been made over the course of past years (e.g. Pearce et al. 1996; Tol 2005; Stern 2007). The costs from weather extremes however, are in general omitted or included in a very crude manner in the models of the costs of climate change (Tol 2002; H ...
... Some major studies on the costs of climate change have been made over the course of past years (e.g. Pearce et al. 1996; Tol 2005; Stern 2007). The costs from weather extremes however, are in general omitted or included in a very crude manner in the models of the costs of climate change (Tol 2002; H ...
The paradox of Anthony Giddens
... alarm bells sound as early as page two, where the ‘Giddens paradox’ is defined: “It states that, since the dangers posed by global warming aren't tangible, immediate or visible in the course of day-to-day life – however awesome they may appear – many will sit on their hands and do nothing concrete a ...
... alarm bells sound as early as page two, where the ‘Giddens paradox’ is defined: “It states that, since the dangers posed by global warming aren't tangible, immediate or visible in the course of day-to-day life – however awesome they may appear – many will sit on their hands and do nothing concrete a ...
Joint Comments to Army Corps of Engineers
... the extraterritorial interests of U.S. citizens including financial interests and altruism. • Fourth, reliance on a 3% or lower discount rate for inter-‐generational effects—or a declining discount rate—is consiste ...
... the extraterritorial interests of U.S. citizens including financial interests and altruism. • Fourth, reliance on a 3% or lower discount rate for inter-‐generational effects—or a declining discount rate—is consiste ...
451kB - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
... hear that question from them, now’. That is, ‘we’ have a parental duty to not just one generation but countless many. For some, then, a position of parenthood may even be discernible, though never explicitly or plaintively phrased, in the Brundtland Commission’s definition of sustainable developmen ...
... hear that question from them, now’. That is, ‘we’ have a parental duty to not just one generation but countless many. For some, then, a position of parenthood may even be discernible, though never explicitly or plaintively phrased, in the Brundtland Commission’s definition of sustainable developmen ...
Planning for transport in the wake of Stern and Eddington
... through the often-heated exchanges on the economic impacts of climate change, identifying critical changes to policy needed to move towards a low carbon economy. Arguing that action needs to be taken now, given the long lead-in times before benefits materialize, Stern estimated that tackling climate ...
... through the often-heated exchanges on the economic impacts of climate change, identifying critical changes to policy needed to move towards a low carbon economy. Arguing that action needs to be taken now, given the long lead-in times before benefits materialize, Stern estimated that tackling climate ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism: Working Paper 42 (830 kB) (opens in new window)
... from present abatement eorts makes it harder for such measures to justify their present costs. In this paper, we propose sustainable discounted utilitarianism (SDU) as an alternative principle for evaluation of climate policy. Unlike undiscounted utilitarianism, which always assigns zero relative w ...
... from present abatement eorts makes it harder for such measures to justify their present costs. In this paper, we propose sustainable discounted utilitarianism (SDU) as an alternative principle for evaluation of climate policy. Unlike undiscounted utilitarianism, which always assigns zero relative w ...
Adaptation - ACCA Global
... are changing, increasing the risk of flooding and drought; and there is increasing competition for natural resources. These are not environmental issues, they are core business risks. More importantly, they present huge commercial opportunities and cost savings for the businesses that are first to a ...
... are changing, increasing the risk of flooding and drought; and there is increasing competition for natural resources. These are not environmental issues, they are core business risks. More importantly, they present huge commercial opportunities and cost savings for the businesses that are first to a ...
Efforts on Climate Change in Malaysia: A Preliminary Assessment
... Whilst Malaysia recognises that climate change is a global challenge, which the threats historically stem from the emissions of greenhouse gas from developed countries, it also faces challenges arose from international socio-political obligations. As a rapidly industrialising economy with relatively ...
... Whilst Malaysia recognises that climate change is a global challenge, which the threats historically stem from the emissions of greenhouse gas from developed countries, it also faces challenges arose from international socio-political obligations. As a rapidly industrialising economy with relatively ...
CPUC Workshop on Societal Cost Test
... Ramsey formula Based on a model of economic growth and intertemporal consumption choices by British mathematician Frank Ramsey ...
... Ramsey formula Based on a model of economic growth and intertemporal consumption choices by British mathematician Frank Ramsey ...
Optimal Climate Change Policies When Governments Cannot Commit
... activity that will limit the ultimate rise in temperature. This is contrasted with potential losses equivalent to at least 5% of GDP forever from doing nothing. The Review notes that climate change takes place in a global economy with many distortions and consequently advocates a range of policies r ...
... activity that will limit the ultimate rise in temperature. This is contrasted with potential losses equivalent to at least 5% of GDP forever from doing nothing. The Review notes that climate change takes place in a global economy with many distortions and consequently advocates a range of policies r ...