Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... differences are also observed in the structure of the local interneuron network of the AL. In the locust, for example, it comprises only about 300 inhibitory LNs that do not produce sodium action potentials (Laurent and Davidowitz 1994). In comparison, the honeybee AL network is composed of ∼4,000–5 ...
... differences are also observed in the structure of the local interneuron network of the AL. In the locust, for example, it comprises only about 300 inhibitory LNs that do not produce sodium action potentials (Laurent and Davidowitz 1994). In comparison, the honeybee AL network is composed of ∼4,000–5 ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... For DA receptor antagonist experiments (see Fig. 8, B and D), moths were injected with either a mixture of 10⫺8 M SCH39166 (a D1 receptor antagonist) and 10⫺8 M L-741,626 (a D2 receptor antagonist) (both from Tocris Bioscience) or vehicle (moth saline) or were not injected. Receptor antagonists were ...
... For DA receptor antagonist experiments (see Fig. 8, B and D), moths were injected with either a mixture of 10⫺8 M SCH39166 (a D1 receptor antagonist) and 10⫺8 M L-741,626 (a D2 receptor antagonist) (both from Tocris Bioscience) or vehicle (moth saline) or were not injected. Receptor antagonists were ...
Synaptic Integration of Olfactory Information in Mouse Anterior
... Individual odorants activate only a small fraction of mitral cells in the mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB). Odor mixtures are represented by a combination of activated mitral cells, forming reproducible activation maps in the olfactory bulb. However, how the activation of a cohort of narrowly tuned m ...
... Individual odorants activate only a small fraction of mitral cells in the mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB). Odor mixtures are represented by a combination of activated mitral cells, forming reproducible activation maps in the olfactory bulb. However, how the activation of a cohort of narrowly tuned m ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... Schüz & Palm 1989). By this measure, assuming that layer 1a occupies half the width of layer 1, the number of synapses under 1 mm2 is 85 million (since width of layer 1a in the APC is .17 mm, Figure 1). Given 2000 (or 3700) glomeruli and 41,000 neurons under 1 mm2 of cortical surface, the mean numbe ...
... Schüz & Palm 1989). By this measure, assuming that layer 1a occupies half the width of layer 1, the number of synapses under 1 mm2 is 85 million (since width of layer 1a in the APC is .17 mm, Figure 1). Given 2000 (or 3700) glomeruli and 41,000 neurons under 1 mm2 of cortical surface, the mean numbe ...
1 Revised 10/11/2016 The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 7
... the arm, to the first stage in the cortex. In the spinal cord, the dorsal column is the first stage in the development of a somatotopic organization. In the lower segments of the spinal cord, only afferents from the leg are found. As one moves up the spinal cord, new afferents enter laterally. Thus ...
... the arm, to the first stage in the cortex. In the spinal cord, the dorsal column is the first stage in the development of a somatotopic organization. In the lower segments of the spinal cord, only afferents from the leg are found. As one moves up the spinal cord, new afferents enter laterally. Thus ...
An Olfactory Sensory Map in the Fly Brain
... We have isolated the “complete” repertoire of genes encoding the odorant receptors in Drosophila and employ these genes to provide a molecular description of the organization of the peripheral olfactory system. The repertoire of Drosophila odorant receptors is encoded by 57 genes. Individual sensory ...
... We have isolated the “complete” repertoire of genes encoding the odorant receptors in Drosophila and employ these genes to provide a molecular description of the organization of the peripheral olfactory system. The repertoire of Drosophila odorant receptors is encoded by 57 genes. Individual sensory ...
HIPPOCAMPUS
... expressing basket, axo-axonic, bistratified and O-LM cells. The cells have differential temporal firing patterns during theta and ripple oscillations.The spike probability plots show that during different network oscillations representing two distinct brain states, interneurones of the same connecti ...
... expressing basket, axo-axonic, bistratified and O-LM cells. The cells have differential temporal firing patterns during theta and ripple oscillations.The spike probability plots show that during different network oscillations representing two distinct brain states, interneurones of the same connecti ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... contrast, vomeronasal receptor neurons terminate in microvilli, although a rare ciliated dendrite can be found in the vomeronasal epithelium. In both the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia, sustentacular cells terminate in short processes; the vomeronasal epithelium contains a second class of suppo ...
... contrast, vomeronasal receptor neurons terminate in microvilli, although a rare ciliated dendrite can be found in the vomeronasal epithelium. In both the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia, sustentacular cells terminate in short processes; the vomeronasal epithelium contains a second class of suppo ...
Olfactory receptor neurons prevent dissemination of neurovirulent
... substance composed of small bodies emerged (Fig. 1j). Such microglial activation did not take place in mice intranasally infected with UV-inactivated virus. Demonstration of apoptosis in infected ORNs Fig. 1. Kinetics of expression of virus antigens and Iba1 molecules in the nose upon intranasal inf ...
... substance composed of small bodies emerged (Fig. 1j). Such microglial activation did not take place in mice intranasally infected with UV-inactivated virus. Demonstration of apoptosis in infected ORNs Fig. 1. Kinetics of expression of virus antigens and Iba1 molecules in the nose upon intranasal inf ...
Inhibitory interneurons in the piriform cortex
... dendrites could modulate olfactory learning.41,49 Interneuron control of long-range connections is suggested by the prominence of electrical oscillations in the PC when it is performing an olfactory task.50,51 Similar oscillations are seen in the hippocampus and neocortex, where the participation of ...
... dendrites could modulate olfactory learning.41,49 Interneuron control of long-range connections is suggested by the prominence of electrical oscillations in the PC when it is performing an olfactory task.50,51 Similar oscillations are seen in the hippocampus and neocortex, where the participation of ...
identification of a cell surface glycoprotein family of olfactory
... receptor cells (Moulton et al., 1970; Graziadei and Monti Graziadei, 1978). Olfactory function is maintained while a continuous process of cell death, proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation is occurring. Additional markers for precursor cells and mature neurons would be useful in st ...
... receptor cells (Moulton et al., 1970; Graziadei and Monti Graziadei, 1978). Olfactory function is maintained while a continuous process of cell death, proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation is occurring. Additional markers for precursor cells and mature neurons would be useful in st ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... the basis of hodology and position, often compared to and hippocampal cortices parahippocampal [26,51,52,53]. Both PCx and DCx are thus directly connected to associational networks, likely involved in controlling or modulating behavior. PCx and DCx are further interconnected with other cortical-lik ...
... the basis of hodology and position, often compared to and hippocampal cortices parahippocampal [26,51,52,53]. Both PCx and DCx are thus directly connected to associational networks, likely involved in controlling or modulating behavior. PCx and DCx are further interconnected with other cortical-lik ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... provided further behavioral measures that could be directly correlated with physiology, thereby allowing pioneering studies into the perception of odor mixtures (for reviews, see Refs. 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster ...
... provided further behavioral measures that could be directly correlated with physiology, thereby allowing pioneering studies into the perception of odor mixtures (for reviews, see Refs. 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster ...
Smelling on the fly: sensory cues and strategies for olfactory
... the olfactory system. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of odor produces adaptation in ORN firing rates [32,33]. After adaptation, ORN transduction currents are both smaller and slower, as if the concentration of ligand were lower than it actually is [34]. Mechanisms that prevent saturation ...
... the olfactory system. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of odor produces adaptation in ORN firing rates [32,33]. After adaptation, ORN transduction currents are both smaller and slower, as if the concentration of ligand were lower than it actually is [34]. Mechanisms that prevent saturation ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction, like visual transduction, proceeds via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The existence of an ionic conductance in olfactory cilia tha ...
... Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction, like visual transduction, proceeds via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The existence of an ionic conductance in olfactory cilia tha ...
Протокол
... Clinical Aspects Clinical tests of the optic nerve are tests of visual acuity, often performed with a Snellen chart. Because the optic nerve is actually a tract of the central nervous system, myelinated by oligodendrocytes, it is susceptible to demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis). Cerebrovasc ...
... Clinical Aspects Clinical tests of the optic nerve are tests of visual acuity, often performed with a Snellen chart. Because the optic nerve is actually a tract of the central nervous system, myelinated by oligodendrocytes, it is susceptible to demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis). Cerebrovasc ...
Taste and Smell - Baldwin County Public Schools
... • across-fiber pattern coding -- central neuron compares pattern of input from a group of fibers, each fiber is more sensitive to a particular taste but also responds to other taste stimuli • probably both theories are correct • taste coding involves comparison of activity across groups of fibers re ...
... • across-fiber pattern coding -- central neuron compares pattern of input from a group of fibers, each fiber is more sensitive to a particular taste but also responds to other taste stimuli • probably both theories are correct • taste coding involves comparison of activity across groups of fibers re ...
Taste and Smell
... • across-fiber pattern coding -- central neuron compares pattern of input from a group of fibers, each fiber is more sensitive to a particular taste but also responds to other taste stimuli • probably both theories are correct • taste coding involves comparison of activity across groups of fibers re ...
... • across-fiber pattern coding -- central neuron compares pattern of input from a group of fibers, each fiber is more sensitive to a particular taste but also responds to other taste stimuli • probably both theories are correct • taste coding involves comparison of activity across groups of fibers re ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... 1998). The hippocampus would not likely be the origin of auras because the hippocampus does not project axons directly to neocortex to bring such perceptions to conscious awareness, though it is a repository of olfactory memory as with other memories. Multiple olfactory cortical areas transmit signa ...
... 1998). The hippocampus would not likely be the origin of auras because the hippocampus does not project axons directly to neocortex to bring such perceptions to conscious awareness, though it is a repository of olfactory memory as with other memories. Multiple olfactory cortical areas transmit signa ...
Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception
... endanger life and this cry became one of the major indictments of modern biology. These experiments raised endless debate because the idea that genes can be taken out of one organism and introduced into the chromosome of another is by itself upsetting. The very notion of the performance of recombina ...
... endanger life and this cry became one of the major indictments of modern biology. These experiments raised endless debate because the idea that genes can be taken out of one organism and introduced into the chromosome of another is by itself upsetting. The very notion of the performance of recombina ...
Insect olfactory memory in time and space
... Electrophysiological recordings have been widely used to study the cellular or neuronal circuitry changes that occur with learning in mammalian model systems. However, such recordings are difficult to perform in insects because of the small size of their bodies, brains and neurons. Progress with fun ...
... Electrophysiological recordings have been widely used to study the cellular or neuronal circuitry changes that occur with learning in mammalian model systems. However, such recordings are difficult to perform in insects because of the small size of their bodies, brains and neurons. Progress with fun ...
What can cognitive psychology and sensory evaluation learn from
... retrieval of memories, the thalamus and the orbitofrontal cortex are involved in perception and cognition. How are odors coded at the level of the sensory cells? We currently believe that one olfactory cell expresses only one out of maybe one thousand odor receptors on the cilia which expand from it ...
... retrieval of memories, the thalamus and the orbitofrontal cortex are involved in perception and cognition. How are odors coded at the level of the sensory cells? We currently believe that one olfactory cell expresses only one out of maybe one thousand odor receptors on the cilia which expand from it ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons to their topographic targets (Bulfone et al., 1998). However, it was unclear whether cues present on ...
... localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons to their topographic targets (Bulfone et al., 1998). However, it was unclear whether cues present on ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... in the brain. These nerve impulses are project along centrifugal fibers back to, and give feedback to interneurons within the olfactory bulb. The primary function of interneurons is to modulate, usually by inhibiting, the odorant nerve impulses before they are projected to the brain. Interneurons ar ...
... in the brain. These nerve impulses are project along centrifugal fibers back to, and give feedback to interneurons within the olfactory bulb. The primary function of interneurons is to modulate, usually by inhibiting, the odorant nerve impulses before they are projected to the brain. Interneurons ar ...
Conditioning: Simple Neural Circuits in the Honeybee
... recording (several hours). Furthermore, the synapses between the MB-intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells) and the PE1 were found to undergo long-term potentiation if PE1 was depolarized during the tetanic electric stimulation of the Kenyon cells. It is not yet clear how learning-related response reductio ...
... recording (several hours). Furthermore, the synapses between the MB-intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells) and the PE1 were found to undergo long-term potentiation if PE1 was depolarized during the tetanic electric stimulation of the Kenyon cells. It is not yet clear how learning-related response reductio ...
Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell.