THE SPECIAL SENSES
... • Structure of the Eyeball – Three tunics form the wall of the eyeball • The fibrous tunic is the outermost coat of the eye and is made of a dense avascular connective tissue with two regions: the sclera and the cornea • The vascular tunic (uvea) is the middle layer and has three regions: the choroi ...
... • Structure of the Eyeball – Three tunics form the wall of the eyeball • The fibrous tunic is the outermost coat of the eye and is made of a dense avascular connective tissue with two regions: the sclera and the cornea • The vascular tunic (uvea) is the middle layer and has three regions: the choroi ...
supplemental figures
... plot of spikes at the 3 TSI values; grey transparent shadow indicates TSI time window; bottom: trend of firing rate in correct trials at 3 TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (c) Comparisons in firing rate of neuron #58 among three time windows: duration of attention (DA), an interval equal ...
... plot of spikes at the 3 TSI values; grey transparent shadow indicates TSI time window; bottom: trend of firing rate in correct trials at 3 TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (c) Comparisons in firing rate of neuron #58 among three time windows: duration of attention (DA), an interval equal ...
Why Are Olfactory Systems of Different Animals So Similar?
... information about the way the nervous system processes odorant stimuli. Alternatively, these similar features may instead reflect underlying homology, or could have arisen independently due to similar constraints. A further possibility should be considered the null hypothesis: the perceived similari ...
... information about the way the nervous system processes odorant stimuli. Alternatively, these similar features may instead reflect underlying homology, or could have arisen independently due to similar constraints. A further possibility should be considered the null hypothesis: the perceived similari ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... and 2Department of Physiology, Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 ...
... and 2Department of Physiology, Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
... embryological process of neurulation, a population of cells known as neural crest cells arise [14]; which appear consistent throughout all vertebrates [15]. Although OECs migrate out from the olfactory placode region, their origin is from these neural crest cells which migrate to the olfactory mucos ...
... embryological process of neurulation, a population of cells known as neural crest cells arise [14]; which appear consistent throughout all vertebrates [15]. Although OECs migrate out from the olfactory placode region, their origin is from these neural crest cells which migrate to the olfactory mucos ...
lmmunocytochemical Mapping of 18236, A Brain
... Attempts to define the specific properties of the nervous system have generally begun with comparative analysis of its chemical or functional differences with cells of other organ systems, Likewise, attempts to clarify the uniquely complex structural organization of the brain were first approached t ...
... Attempts to define the specific properties of the nervous system have generally begun with comparative analysis of its chemical or functional differences with cells of other organ systems, Likewise, attempts to clarify the uniquely complex structural organization of the brain were first approached t ...
The Olfactory System - Tim J. van Hartevelt
... by its emitted odorants and locate the source. However, the olfactory system is different from the other sensory systems in three fundamental ways. Firstly, as mentioned before, olfaction is the only sensory modality that is directly connected into the cerebral hemisphere (in a sense, the telencepha ...
... by its emitted odorants and locate the source. However, the olfactory system is different from the other sensory systems in three fundamental ways. Firstly, as mentioned before, olfaction is the only sensory modality that is directly connected into the cerebral hemisphere (in a sense, the telencepha ...
Molecular and functional anatomy of the mouse olfactory epithelium
... during the continuous neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium as a result of counter gradients of positional information. We show that the gene c-fos is induced in olfactory sensory neurons as a result of cell activation by odorant exposure. A zonal and scattered distribution of c-Fos-positive neur ...
... during the continuous neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium as a result of counter gradients of positional information. We show that the gene c-fos is induced in olfactory sensory neurons as a result of cell activation by odorant exposure. A zonal and scattered distribution of c-Fos-positive neur ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... expressing particular receptors and the projection neurons that form synapses with these ORNs. b, c, GAL4-GH146 drives marker (mouse CD8-GFP, green) expression in most of the projection neurons, counterstained with a general neuropil marker nc82 (red). Anterior confocal sections (b) show anterodorsa ...
... expressing particular receptors and the projection neurons that form synapses with these ORNs. b, c, GAL4-GH146 drives marker (mouse CD8-GFP, green) expression in most of the projection neurons, counterstained with a general neuropil marker nc82 (red). Anterior confocal sections (b) show anterodorsa ...
The Five Senses - Flinn Scientific
... 16. Using a metric ruler, adjust the distance between the ends of the “V-shaped” paper clips so that the two end points are separated by the following distances: 2.0 cm, and 0.5 cm. 17. Working in pairs, one student will be the subject and the other student will administer the test. 18. The subje ...
... 16. Using a metric ruler, adjust the distance between the ends of the “V-shaped” paper clips so that the two end points are separated by the following distances: 2.0 cm, and 0.5 cm. 17. Working in pairs, one student will be the subject and the other student will administer the test. 18. The subje ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... response range (EMRR) to amino acids (i.e., Group I units), we initially failed to document the occurrence of units that exhibited a broader response specificity. However, to obtain an estimate of the percentage of Group I units, we performed a subset of experiments consisting of 164 different elect ...
... response range (EMRR) to amino acids (i.e., Group I units), we initially failed to document the occurrence of units that exhibited a broader response specificity. However, to obtain an estimate of the percentage of Group I units, we performed a subset of experiments consisting of 164 different elect ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... identify and discriminate extracellularly recorded action potentials were peak amplitude, valley amplitude, spike height, spike width, spike time, and time between spikes. Spike events, EOG signals, and experimental parameters (i.e., beginning of a recording period, onset of stimulation, and end of ...
... identify and discriminate extracellularly recorded action potentials were peak amplitude, valley amplitude, spike height, spike width, spike time, and time between spikes. Spike events, EOG signals, and experimental parameters (i.e., beginning of a recording period, onset of stimulation, and end of ...
The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System
... humans (Puel et al., 1988; Maison et al., 2001). In midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus), centrifugal modulation preserves sensitivity to externally generated sounds during vocalization (Weeg et al., 2005). Thus, in the auditory system, centrifugal innervation functions to preserve sensitivity and t ...
... humans (Puel et al., 1988; Maison et al., 2001). In midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus), centrifugal modulation preserves sensitivity to externally generated sounds during vocalization (Weeg et al., 2005). Thus, in the auditory system, centrifugal innervation functions to preserve sensitivity and t ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
... for the whole duration of the associative learning trials, with ad libitum access to water. Mice were weighed each day to monitor weight loss and maintained at no less than 85% of their original body weight. For the associative learning task mice were trained to associate an odor with a food reward. ...
... for the whole duration of the associative learning trials, with ad libitum access to water. Mice were weighed each day to monitor weight loss and maintained at no less than 85% of their original body weight. For the associative learning task mice were trained to associate an odor with a food reward. ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... Feeding and navigation are just two examples of a more general capability: that of recognizing a chemical environment. The same skill can be used by a mother and her calf to recognize each other (Kallquist and Mossing, 1982) and for many other purposes. More importantly, the olfactory system is able ...
... Feeding and navigation are just two examples of a more general capability: that of recognizing a chemical environment. The same skill can be used by a mother and her calf to recognize each other (Kallquist and Mossing, 1982) and for many other purposes. More importantly, the olfactory system is able ...
aeb0119e8005b64
... the cribriform plate, which resides on the roof of the nasal cavity. These fascicles are not visible on a cadaver brain because they are severed upon removal The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves but is considered to be part of the central nervous system, as it is derived fro ...
... the cribriform plate, which resides on the roof of the nasal cavity. These fascicles are not visible on a cadaver brain because they are severed upon removal The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves but is considered to be part of the central nervous system, as it is derived fro ...
NEUROGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS AND
... approximation is used to calculate probabilities (P). The graphs throughout this report show the more variable group data rather than consistent trends in data from individual animals. Consequently, some of the statistically significant neurogenetic gradients (L2 and L3, Fig. 2) are not conspicuous ...
... approximation is used to calculate probabilities (P). The graphs throughout this report show the more variable group data rather than consistent trends in data from individual animals. Consequently, some of the statistically significant neurogenetic gradients (L2 and L3, Fig. 2) are not conspicuous ...
Replacement of Receptor Cells in the Hamster
... Chemoreceptor cells in the vomeronasal and olfactory epithelium are replaced following experimentally induced degeneration. This study analyzes quantitatively the time course and degree of vomeronasal receptor cell replacement. Unilateral transection of the vomeronasal nerves in adult hamster was us ...
... Chemoreceptor cells in the vomeronasal and olfactory epithelium are replaced following experimentally induced degeneration. This study analyzes quantitatively the time course and degree of vomeronasal receptor cell replacement. Unilateral transection of the vomeronasal nerves in adult hamster was us ...
Organization of the Olfactory and Respiratory Skeleton in the Nose
... This study is based on a growth series of Monodelphis domestica specimens of precisely documented ages commissioned from the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio, TX (e.g., VandeBerg, 1990) for the Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory of the Texas Memorial Museum (TMM). The coll ...
... This study is based on a growth series of Monodelphis domestica specimens of precisely documented ages commissioned from the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio, TX (e.g., VandeBerg, 1990) for the Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory of the Texas Memorial Museum (TMM). The coll ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
Structure and function in the cerebral ganglion
... brates, the ganglia at the most anterior end of the chain are usually the largest, and one of them is exceptionally situated on top of, rather than underneath, the esophagous. It is this large dorsal ganglion that has traditionally been referred to as the brain. More recently, morphological and func ...
... brates, the ganglia at the most anterior end of the chain are usually the largest, and one of them is exceptionally situated on top of, rather than underneath, the esophagous. It is this large dorsal ganglion that has traditionally been referred to as the brain. More recently, morphological and func ...
Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system
... and higher cortical areas. In contrast, the OC, which processes the sense of smell, is populated by excitatory ...
... and higher cortical areas. In contrast, the OC, which processes the sense of smell, is populated by excitatory ...
ARTICLES - Test Page
... and spatial memory, which are known to depend on hippocampus. These results suggest that continuous neurogenesis is required for the maintenance and reorganization of the whole interneuron system in the olfactory bulb, the modulation and refinement of the existing neuronal circuits in the dentate gy ...
... and spatial memory, which are known to depend on hippocampus. These results suggest that continuous neurogenesis is required for the maintenance and reorganization of the whole interneuron system in the olfactory bulb, the modulation and refinement of the existing neuronal circuits in the dentate gy ...
PDF
... the mushroom body nor the effects of dopamine on the physiology of these cells are known. Here, we show that genetically targeted optical activation (Zemelman et al., 2002; Lima and Miesenböck, 2005; Sjulson and Miesenböck, 2008) of dopaminergic neurons is, in itself, sufficient for writing aversi ...
... the mushroom body nor the effects of dopamine on the physiology of these cells are known. Here, we show that genetically targeted optical activation (Zemelman et al., 2002; Lima and Miesenböck, 2005; Sjulson and Miesenböck, 2008) of dopaminergic neurons is, in itself, sufficient for writing aversi ...
Structure and Central Connections Of PERIPHERAL OLFACTORY
... mucus in the olfactory epithelium. The third cell type is the poorly understood microvillar cell located at the surface of the epithelium. Microvillar cells, which look similar to the so-called brush cells found throughout the upper and lower airways of many species, extend axon-like processes to th ...
... mucus in the olfactory epithelium. The third cell type is the poorly understood microvillar cell located at the surface of the epithelium. Microvillar cells, which look similar to the so-called brush cells found throughout the upper and lower airways of many species, extend axon-like processes to th ...
Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell.