PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... ORNs have broad and overlapping response profiles (Vareschi, 1971; Akers & Getz, 1993; Getz & Akers, 1994) such that odor identity has to be extracted from the combination of multiple parallel receptor inputs, i.e. across-fiber. ORNs project into the antennal lobe (AL), the first olfactory neuropile, a ...
... ORNs have broad and overlapping response profiles (Vareschi, 1971; Akers & Getz, 1993; Getz & Akers, 1994) such that odor identity has to be extracted from the combination of multiple parallel receptor inputs, i.e. across-fiber. ORNs project into the antennal lobe (AL), the first olfactory neuropile, a ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... Unraveling the detailed circuitry of these interconnections, and their roles in odor-evoked responses, is vital for understanding how odors are recognized and how they are used by the animal to guide its behavior. However, the synaptic properties of the different associational projections have not b ...
... Unraveling the detailed circuitry of these interconnections, and their roles in odor-evoked responses, is vital for understanding how odors are recognized and how they are used by the animal to guide its behavior. However, the synaptic properties of the different associational projections have not b ...
Art.-Schoenbaum (R) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Functions that require the integrity of OFC are also dependent on information provided through interconnected structures, allowing access to information regarding the context of cues and associations formed during learning through inputs from other systems. One key region, with respect to goal-direc ...
... Functions that require the integrity of OFC are also dependent on information provided through interconnected structures, allowing access to information regarding the context of cues and associations formed during learning through inputs from other systems. One key region, with respect to goal-direc ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... responded more in a visual discrimination task to the visual stimulus that signified sweet fruit juice than to that which signified saline, or responded to sweet taste and in an olfactory discrimination task to fruit odor. The different types of neurons (unimodal in different modalities and multimodal ...
... responded more in a visual discrimination task to the visual stimulus that signified sweet fruit juice than to that which signified saline, or responded to sweet taste and in an olfactory discrimination task to fruit odor. The different types of neurons (unimodal in different modalities and multimodal ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... 1997) (J. L. Benton and B. S. Beltz, unpublished observations). These effects were found to be specific to those neuropil areas that normally receive serotonergic innervation (Benton et al., 1997). In the lobster, primary sensory neurons from the olfactory organs (first antennae) terminate in the de ...
... 1997) (J. L. Benton and B. S. Beltz, unpublished observations). These effects were found to be specific to those neuropil areas that normally receive serotonergic innervation (Benton et al., 1997). In the lobster, primary sensory neurons from the olfactory organs (first antennae) terminate in the de ...
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
... This contrasts with other senses in which secondary and higher order areas are interposed between the primary areas that receive ascending sensory input and function-related areas (Pritzel and Markowitsch, 1981; Ottersen, 1982; Burwell and Amaral, 1998). These characteristics of piriform cortex sugg ...
... This contrasts with other senses in which secondary and higher order areas are interposed between the primary areas that receive ascending sensory input and function-related areas (Pritzel and Markowitsch, 1981; Ottersen, 1982; Burwell and Amaral, 1998). These characteristics of piriform cortex sugg ...
Cholecystokinin Modulates Migration of
... Expression of the brain–gut peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) in the developing olfactory– gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neuroendocrine systems was characterized, and the function of CCK in these systems was analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. We present novel data demonstrating that CCK tra ...
... Expression of the brain–gut peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) in the developing olfactory– gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neuroendocrine systems was characterized, and the function of CCK in these systems was analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. We present novel data demonstrating that CCK tra ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... glomeruli to extract information about olfactory features of the environment. To understand higher olfactory processing, it is therefore fundamental to understand how signals from different glomeruli are combined. In D. melanogaster and other insects, there are two higher-order olfactory brain regio ...
... glomeruli to extract information about olfactory features of the environment. To understand higher olfactory processing, it is therefore fundamental to understand how signals from different glomeruli are combined. In D. melanogaster and other insects, there are two higher-order olfactory brain regio ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... Identification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of associations has been a driving influence on learning theory and research. In Pavlovian conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) acquires the ability to trigger a new response by virtue of being paired with an unconditio ...
... Identification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of associations has been a driving influence on learning theory and research. In Pavlovian conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) acquires the ability to trigger a new response by virtue of being paired with an unconditio ...
Maxillary palp glomeruli and ipsilateral projections in the antennal
... ipsilateral input, with the fibres terminating in the ipsilateral AL only. Thus the antennal lobe of Drosophila has a glomerular organization which is apportioned into antennal, maxillary, saccular and ipsilateral glomeruli. Previous studies reported that sensory projection from the maxillary palp i ...
... ipsilateral input, with the fibres terminating in the ipsilateral AL only. Thus the antennal lobe of Drosophila has a glomerular organization which is apportioned into antennal, maxillary, saccular and ipsilateral glomeruli. Previous studies reported that sensory projection from the maxillary palp i ...
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... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants in the boxes a–z, aa–az, ba– bz, and ca– cr chest movement with a strain gauge (TR-651T; are listed in the supplemental Figures 1 and 2 (available at www.jneurosci.org as suppl ...
... continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants in the boxes a–z, aa–az, ba– bz, and ca– cr chest movement with a strain gauge (TR-651T; are listed in the supplemental Figures 1 and 2 (available at www.jneurosci.org as suppl ...
Human nasal olfactory epithelium as a dynamic marker for CNS
... GFAP, as well as neuronal markers such as glutamate receptor subtypes, nerve growth factor receptors and neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate (Au and Roskams, 2002; Au and Roskams, 2003; Priest and Puche, 2004; Thukral et al., 1997). Therefore, nasal olfactory tissue has been used to study CNS disea ...
... GFAP, as well as neuronal markers such as glutamate receptor subtypes, nerve growth factor receptors and neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate (Au and Roskams, 2002; Au and Roskams, 2003; Priest and Puche, 2004; Thukral et al., 1997). Therefore, nasal olfactory tissue has been used to study CNS disea ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... storage process have shown that the memory capacity of a realistic cortical network can be greatly enhanced if cholinergic modulation blocks transmission at synaptic connections of the association fibers during the learning process. We here present experimental data from an olfactory cortex brain sli ...
... storage process have shown that the memory capacity of a realistic cortical network can be greatly enhanced if cholinergic modulation blocks transmission at synaptic connections of the association fibers during the learning process. We here present experimental data from an olfactory cortex brain sli ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... this anatomical organization, mitral cells tend to be narrowly tuned and only respond to a small number of odorants (Davison and Katz, 2007; Tan et al., 2010). The spatiotemporal patterns of mitral cell firing are strongly shaped by the activity of local inhibitory neurons, including periglomerular ...
... this anatomical organization, mitral cells tend to be narrowly tuned and only respond to a small number of odorants (Davison and Katz, 2007; Tan et al., 2010). The spatiotemporal patterns of mitral cell firing are strongly shaped by the activity of local inhibitory neurons, including periglomerular ...
the neuron types of the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb
... In Golgi-Kopsch preparations (Fig. 1), the external tufted cells are seen to have a large primary dendrite which may enter the glomerulus from any angle, depending on the situation of the cell body in relation to its glomerulus, and which branches repeatedly within it. Only rarely do the external tu ...
... In Golgi-Kopsch preparations (Fig. 1), the external tufted cells are seen to have a large primary dendrite which may enter the glomerulus from any angle, depending on the situation of the cell body in relation to its glomerulus, and which branches repeatedly within it. Only rarely do the external tu ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... whose absence leads to specific defects in olfactory learning. In honeybees, the volume of the mushroom body neuropils may depend on the age or social status of the individual. Although the anatomy of these neurons has been known for nearly a century, their physiological properties and the principle ...
... whose absence leads to specific defects in olfactory learning. In honeybees, the volume of the mushroom body neuropils may depend on the age or social status of the individual. Although the anatomy of these neurons has been known for nearly a century, their physiological properties and the principle ...
REVIEW
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... three groups separately managed to identify candidate Drosophila OR genes (Clyne et al. 1999, Gao and Chess 1999, Vosshall et al. 1999). In D. melanogaster there is a total of 62 olfactory receptors that are encoded by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing (Robertson et al. 2003, Su et a ...
... three groups separately managed to identify candidate Drosophila OR genes (Clyne et al. 1999, Gao and Chess 1999, Vosshall et al. 1999). In D. melanogaster there is a total of 62 olfactory receptors that are encoded by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing (Robertson et al. 2003, Su et a ...
Odorant Specificity of Single Olfactory Bulb Neurons to Amino Acids
... 2000; Vassar et al. 1994) where they synapse onto apical dendrites of mitral/tufted relay neurons, forming a functional map relating general chemical features of odorant structure to specific glomerular fields (Xu et al. 2000). The unique combination of glomeruli activated in response to an odor is ...
... 2000; Vassar et al. 1994) where they synapse onto apical dendrites of mitral/tufted relay neurons, forming a functional map relating general chemical features of odorant structure to specific glomerular fields (Xu et al. 2000). The unique combination of glomeruli activated in response to an odor is ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... secondary dendrites), suggesting a differential analysis of Buck, L. and Axel, R. (1991) A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell, 65, 175-187. signals from the two classes of neurons, and possibly the transmission of information to differen ...
... secondary dendrites), suggesting a differential analysis of Buck, L. and Axel, R. (1991) A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell, 65, 175-187. signals from the two classes of neurons, and possibly the transmission of information to differen ...
Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell.