Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccines
... Difficulties with Development • Capsule structurally identical to fetal brain cell adhesion molecules – Induce a weak immune response – Could involve production of autoantibodies ...
... Difficulties with Development • Capsule structurally identical to fetal brain cell adhesion molecules – Induce a weak immune response – Could involve production of autoantibodies ...
Conjugate Vaccines - Immunize Canada
... Difficulties with Development • Capsule structurally identical to fetal brain cell adhesion molecules – Induce a weak immune response – Could involve production of autoantibodies ...
... Difficulties with Development • Capsule structurally identical to fetal brain cell adhesion molecules – Induce a weak immune response – Could involve production of autoantibodies ...
Section 39.2 Summary – pages 1031-1041
... What is an infectious disease? • If conditions change and the beneficial organisms are eliminated, pathogens can establish themselves and cause infection and disease. • If the beneficial organisms enter areas of the body where they are not normally found or if a person becomes weakened or injured, ...
... What is an infectious disease? • If conditions change and the beneficial organisms are eliminated, pathogens can establish themselves and cause infection and disease. • If the beneficial organisms enter areas of the body where they are not normally found or if a person becomes weakened or injured, ...
Herpes Simplex Viruses
... – First human disease eradicated from the face of the earth by a global immunization campaign ...
... – First human disease eradicated from the face of the earth by a global immunization campaign ...
Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases
... phagocytes release the contents of their granules abroad by exocytosis [16]. Nonetheless, this is an inefficient mechanism since helminths are resistant to the harmful action of the components present in the granules [17]. The extracellular pathogens are able to activate B lymphocytes to produce spe ...
... phagocytes release the contents of their granules abroad by exocytosis [16]. Nonetheless, this is an inefficient mechanism since helminths are resistant to the harmful action of the components present in the granules [17]. The extracellular pathogens are able to activate B lymphocytes to produce spe ...
Autoimmune diseases
... Autoimmune diseases is a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral (by auto-antibodies) or cell mediated immune response (by auto-reactive T cells) to self antigens. Normally, the immune system does not attack the self, the attack can be directed either against a very specific t ...
... Autoimmune diseases is a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral (by auto-antibodies) or cell mediated immune response (by auto-reactive T cells) to self antigens. Normally, the immune system does not attack the self, the attack can be directed either against a very specific t ...
Immunology Overview
... • Alternate pathway (innate immunity) – C3 is spontaneously cleaved or cleaved to C3b by a serum protease activated by bacteria. Normally this C3b would turn over. – C3b binds to bacterial cell walls (Gram + and Gram - [LPS]), yeast cell walls, and viral envelopes and is stabilized by this binding. ...
... • Alternate pathway (innate immunity) – C3 is spontaneously cleaved or cleaved to C3b by a serum protease activated by bacteria. Normally this C3b would turn over. – C3b binds to bacterial cell walls (Gram + and Gram - [LPS]), yeast cell walls, and viral envelopes and is stabilized by this binding. ...
Trained immunity: a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine development
... receptors, and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 are examples of genetic factors that confer TB susceptibility (reviewed in [31]). On the other hand, genetic variations that may confer enhanced resistance to TB include combined polymorphisms leading to increased production of IL-1b [32], heterozygosity for ...
... receptors, and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 are examples of genetic factors that confer TB susceptibility (reviewed in [31]). On the other hand, genetic variations that may confer enhanced resistance to TB include combined polymorphisms leading to increased production of IL-1b [32], heterozygosity for ...
Hepatitis B Vaccination Waiver
... “I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to myself. However, I decline hepatitis B v ...
... “I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to myself. However, I decline hepatitis B v ...
Vaccinations - e-Bug
... prevents outbreaks of an infection. This is due to the inability for the disease to infect vaccinated individuals and through the inability for unvaccinated individuals to come into contact with the disease due to its decreased prevalence. It is important to maintain herd immunity as some people are ...
... prevents outbreaks of an infection. This is due to the inability for the disease to infect vaccinated individuals and through the inability for unvaccinated individuals to come into contact with the disease due to its decreased prevalence. It is important to maintain herd immunity as some people are ...
Determinant-specific Amino Acid Copolymers Induce Innate
... Specificity for toxic species guaranteed through use of phosphorylated Ser (S) and nitrated Tyr (Y), Substitutions incorporated to account for interspecies variabilities, Immunogenicity guaranteed by % Ala (A) incorporation at every position and compound length through tandem-repeats of the same reg ...
... Specificity for toxic species guaranteed through use of phosphorylated Ser (S) and nitrated Tyr (Y), Substitutions incorporated to account for interspecies variabilities, Immunogenicity guaranteed by % Ala (A) incorporation at every position and compound length through tandem-repeats of the same reg ...
Immunology. Mucosal and Body Surface Defences Brochure
... The vast majority of medically important pathogens infect their host across a body surface such as the skin, or across a mucosal tissue such as the respiratory tract or intestines, as these sites are the ones exposed to the external environment. By focusing on immunity at mucosal and body surfaces t ...
... The vast majority of medically important pathogens infect their host across a body surface such as the skin, or across a mucosal tissue such as the respiratory tract or intestines, as these sites are the ones exposed to the external environment. By focusing on immunity at mucosal and body surfaces t ...
Modulating Innate Host Defense - OSU Animal Science
... growth promoters, which took effect in December 2013,” Explains Zhang. ...
... growth promoters, which took effect in December 2013,” Explains Zhang. ...
PDF file - Halton Region
... brand name of a nasal spray influenza vaccine recommended for use in healthy children 2 through 17 years of age. FluMist® is needle free. It can be given instead of the annual seasonal influenza injection. It provides protection against four strains of influenza ...
... brand name of a nasal spray influenza vaccine recommended for use in healthy children 2 through 17 years of age. FluMist® is needle free. It can be given instead of the annual seasonal influenza injection. It provides protection against four strains of influenza ...
Enlightenments from Immunity on Organizational Theories Yihua
... non-specific immunity. It plays an important role in a wide range which is called the first line of defense to any harmful factors. Specific immunity is acquired by the individual after birth and is the second line of defense to specific hazards. Only when the immune system accesses to the specific ...
... non-specific immunity. It plays an important role in a wide range which is called the first line of defense to any harmful factors. Specific immunity is acquired by the individual after birth and is the second line of defense to specific hazards. Only when the immune system accesses to the specific ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e
... systems serve primarily to maintain the cell from non-biological physiochemical environmental influences such as heat, cold, dehydration and mechanical stresses. More complex multi-cellular organisms, particularly those with central nervous systems to sense and respond to the environment, cardiovasc ...
... systems serve primarily to maintain the cell from non-biological physiochemical environmental influences such as heat, cold, dehydration and mechanical stresses. More complex multi-cellular organisms, particularly those with central nervous systems to sense and respond to the environment, cardiovasc ...
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... "To the best of my knowledge, I have completed the Hepatitis B vaccine series. If I cannot provide records of these vaccinations, I understand that I may need to repeat the vaccine s ...
... "To the best of my knowledge, I have completed the Hepatitis B vaccine series. If I cannot provide records of these vaccinations, I understand that I may need to repeat the vaccine s ...
Screening Checklist for Contraindications to Vaccines for Adults
... The safety of intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in people with these conditions has not been established. These conditions, including asthma in adults, should be considered precautions for the use of LAIV. 5. Do you have cancer, leukemia, HIV/AIDS, or any other immune system probl ...
... The safety of intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in people with these conditions has not been established. These conditions, including asthma in adults, should be considered precautions for the use of LAIV. 5. Do you have cancer, leukemia, HIV/AIDS, or any other immune system probl ...
Principles of Vaccination
... have pluses and minuses Pluses • Infects human cells but some do not replicate • Better presentation of antigen • Generate T cell response Minuses ...
... have pluses and minuses Pluses • Infects human cells but some do not replicate • Better presentation of antigen • Generate T cell response Minuses ...
Immunity of intracellular bacterial infection
... Respiratory Gastroenteric Genitourinary tract Closely contact Insect bitting Blood transfusion Wound ...
... Respiratory Gastroenteric Genitourinary tract Closely contact Insect bitting Blood transfusion Wound ...
Fingerprinting Disease
... 75 million unique barcodes. Most were “private,” found in just one person. But 19 percent were “public,” shared by at least two out of 1,000 people. Just 0.01 percent of the identified barcodes were shared by more than 200 people. These are unlikely to be correlated with a specific disease because t ...
... 75 million unique barcodes. Most were “private,” found in just one person. But 19 percent were “public,” shared by at least two out of 1,000 people. Just 0.01 percent of the identified barcodes were shared by more than 200 people. These are unlikely to be correlated with a specific disease because t ...
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.