Harmonisations of assays – experiences and lessons
... • Correlates of immunity/protection to a virus or other infectious pathogen are measurable signs that a person (or other potential host) is immune, in the sense of being protected against becoming infected and/or developing disease. • Without knowing the correlates of immunity, scientists cannot kno ...
... • Correlates of immunity/protection to a virus or other infectious pathogen are measurable signs that a person (or other potential host) is immune, in the sense of being protected against becoming infected and/or developing disease. • Without knowing the correlates of immunity, scientists cannot kno ...
August 2015 AN - Veterinary Medicines Directorate
... Avoid contamination of vaccine with traces of chemical sterilising agents. Do not use chemicals such as disinfectant or spirit to disinfect the skin prior to inoculation. Primary course vaccination: A single injection should establish active immunity to canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis ...
... Avoid contamination of vaccine with traces of chemical sterilising agents. Do not use chemicals such as disinfectant or spirit to disinfect the skin prior to inoculation. Primary course vaccination: A single injection should establish active immunity to canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis ...
Vaccines
... • A live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response Single constituent,e.g.,, polysaccharide or tetanus, ...
... • A live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response Single constituent,e.g.,, polysaccharide or tetanus, ...
Section VIII - BC Centre for Disease Control
... These extracellular spaces are protected by humoral immunity where antibodies either kill the extracellular organism and the intracellular organism as it is moving from cell to cell or bind the pathogen and present it to T cells. B cells display immunoglobulin molecules (antibodies) on their surface ...
... These extracellular spaces are protected by humoral immunity where antibodies either kill the extracellular organism and the intracellular organism as it is moving from cell to cell or bind the pathogen and present it to T cells. B cells display immunoglobulin molecules (antibodies) on their surface ...
Document
... – Different types of microbes are eliminated by different effector mechanisms, which are designed to best combat each type of microbe – Microbes and hosts are engaged in an evolutionary struggle, each trying to overcome the other; many of the features of the immune system reflect the consequences of ...
... – Different types of microbes are eliminated by different effector mechanisms, which are designed to best combat each type of microbe – Microbes and hosts are engaged in an evolutionary struggle, each trying to overcome the other; many of the features of the immune system reflect the consequences of ...
Innate immunity and new adjuvants
... system. Furthermore, these are often poorly defined, crude substances that have been associated with severe tissue damage at the site of injection. Ironically, the efficacy of some of these adjuvants is dependent on the degree of tissue damage, i.e. a substance that causes severe tissue damage has m ...
... system. Furthermore, these are often poorly defined, crude substances that have been associated with severe tissue damage at the site of injection. Ironically, the efficacy of some of these adjuvants is dependent on the degree of tissue damage, i.e. a substance that causes severe tissue damage has m ...
Chapter 17
... Vaccine manufacture ○ Mass-produce many vaccines by growing microbes in culture vessels ○ Viruses are cultured inside chicken eggs Individuals with egg allergies must avoid some ...
... Vaccine manufacture ○ Mass-produce many vaccines by growing microbes in culture vessels ○ Viruses are cultured inside chicken eggs Individuals with egg allergies must avoid some ...
Vaccine and Vaccination
... • Some of the antigenic components plays major role in inducing protection while others do not. • Thus, it is possible to use only those components of the pathogen that induces protective immune response instead of using whole organism. • For example, antibody response generated against Haemagglutin ...
... • Some of the antigenic components plays major role in inducing protection while others do not. • Thus, it is possible to use only those components of the pathogen that induces protective immune response instead of using whole organism. • For example, antibody response generated against Haemagglutin ...
The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)
... lymphocytes fell to levels seen in active AIDS patients. If this was the result of a single vaccine in healthy adults, one must wonder what the results would be with today’s multiple infant/childhood vaccines (over 36 vaccines before school age). The preceding study was far too small to be statistic ...
... lymphocytes fell to levels seen in active AIDS patients. If this was the result of a single vaccine in healthy adults, one must wonder what the results would be with today’s multiple infant/childhood vaccines (over 36 vaccines before school age). The preceding study was far too small to be statistic ...
BLA Biology (2016-17)
... What endocrine gland is responsible for this? Thymus – Lasts until antibodies die ...
... What endocrine gland is responsible for this? Thymus – Lasts until antibodies die ...
Immune response of the reproductive tract to infectious agents
... process aids their expulsion from the reproductive tract. Some mucins may be directly bactericidal. The reproductive tract also produces several specific antimicrobial peptides, including lingual anti-microbial peptide (LAP), tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and β-defensin. These antimicrobial p ...
... process aids their expulsion from the reproductive tract. Some mucins may be directly bactericidal. The reproductive tract also produces several specific antimicrobial peptides, including lingual anti-microbial peptide (LAP), tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and β-defensin. These antimicrobial p ...
GeoVax Labs, Inc. (Form: 8-K, Received: 12/09/2015
... advanced types of cancer. These antigens in the actual tumors are often recognized as abnormal by patients’ immune systems but are not sufficiently immunogenic to trigger an effective immune response. The tumor antigens must be presented to the body in a different form, or in a different way, to enl ...
... advanced types of cancer. These antigens in the actual tumors are often recognized as abnormal by patients’ immune systems but are not sufficiently immunogenic to trigger an effective immune response. The tumor antigens must be presented to the body in a different form, or in a different way, to enl ...
Margot Shields
... Chronic stress • Caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients found to have prolonged endocrine and immune dysregulation, alterations in vaccine response and delayed wound healing. • Immunological changes have been documented for weeks or months following natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes. I ...
... Chronic stress • Caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients found to have prolonged endocrine and immune dysregulation, alterations in vaccine response and delayed wound healing. • Immunological changes have been documented for weeks or months following natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes. I ...
Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccine
... a demonstrable burden of IPD attributable to vaccine serotypes but herd protection and serotype replacement effects are unpredictable. ...
... a demonstrable burden of IPD attributable to vaccine serotypes but herd protection and serotype replacement effects are unpredictable. ...
Immunity in the oral cavity
... a key component of the host defence against infection in the mouth. Thus, patients with xerostomia (‘dry mouth’) have more dental plaque and increased risk of periodontitis and candidiasis. The saliva contains many molecular elements which restrict microbial growth: for example lysozyme cleaves bact ...
... a key component of the host defence against infection in the mouth. Thus, patients with xerostomia (‘dry mouth’) have more dental plaque and increased risk of periodontitis and candidiasis. The saliva contains many molecular elements which restrict microbial growth: for example lysozyme cleaves bact ...
6 BOWEL NOSODES Morgan Pure Congestion. A non lactose
... 27.HAEMOPHILUS-INLUENZA 200C ( Nosode of Influenza) This generally prevents the spread of the trouble and clears up the "colds", whether they are of the influenza type or not. HAEMPHILUS is one of the most important of all the nosodes. It is often required in patients who give no history of ever hav ...
... 27.HAEMOPHILUS-INLUENZA 200C ( Nosode of Influenza) This generally prevents the spread of the trouble and clears up the "colds", whether they are of the influenza type or not. HAEMPHILUS is one of the most important of all the nosodes. It is often required in patients who give no history of ever hav ...
Immunology Overview
... • Alternate pathway (innate immunity) – C3 is spontaneously cleaved or cleaved to C3b by a serum protease activated by bacteria. Normally this C3b would turn over. – C3b binds to bacterial cell walls (Gram + and Gram - [LPS]), yeast cell walls, and viral envelopes and is stabilized by this binding. ...
... • Alternate pathway (innate immunity) – C3 is spontaneously cleaved or cleaved to C3b by a serum protease activated by bacteria. Normally this C3b would turn over. – C3b binds to bacterial cell walls (Gram + and Gram - [LPS]), yeast cell walls, and viral envelopes and is stabilized by this binding. ...
Chapter Objectives: Chapter 43 the Immune System
... 28. Explain how monoclonal antibodies are produced and give examples of current and potential medical uses 29. Explain how T-cell receptors recognize self and how macrophages, B cells, and some T cells recognize one another in interactions 30. Describe an antigen-presenting cell (APC) 31. Design a f ...
... 28. Explain how monoclonal antibodies are produced and give examples of current and potential medical uses 29. Explain how T-cell receptors recognize self and how macrophages, B cells, and some T cells recognize one another in interactions 30. Describe an antigen-presenting cell (APC) 31. Design a f ...
presentation source
... that stimulates the growth of TH cells during the immune response. In view of this nonspecificity of IL-2, what mechanism assures that only TH cells specific for a given antigen proliferate and that all other TH cells do not proliferate ...
... that stimulates the growth of TH cells during the immune response. In view of this nonspecificity of IL-2, what mechanism assures that only TH cells specific for a given antigen proliferate and that all other TH cells do not proliferate ...
Genetics and Innate and Adaptive Immunity in IBD
... Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be due to an abnormal inflammatory response within the gut in response to a trigger that has yet to be identified. The strong family history in many patients, especially those with Crohn’s disease suggests a genetic predisposition. It has been hypothesi ...
... Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be due to an abnormal inflammatory response within the gut in response to a trigger that has yet to be identified. The strong family history in many patients, especially those with Crohn’s disease suggests a genetic predisposition. It has been hypothesi ...
Avian Flu Frequently Asked Questions
... Hospitals could be overwhelmed by the number of people seeking care, and there may be high rates of worker absenteeism which could interrupt the flow of services such as police, fire and rescue. Transportation and communications could suffer if there was a quarantine order; and leisure activities su ...
... Hospitals could be overwhelmed by the number of people seeking care, and there may be high rates of worker absenteeism which could interrupt the flow of services such as police, fire and rescue. Transportation and communications could suffer if there was a quarantine order; and leisure activities su ...
Innate Immunity I
... • Innate immune responses entrain powerful inflammatory processes with the potential to prevent the spread of infection • The innate immune system is adaptable over evolutionary time scales, though not individual lifetimes. • Deficiencies relate to specific micro-organisms, emphasising the process o ...
... • Innate immune responses entrain powerful inflammatory processes with the potential to prevent the spread of infection • The innate immune system is adaptable over evolutionary time scales, though not individual lifetimes. • Deficiencies relate to specific micro-organisms, emphasising the process o ...
Classifying Vaccines - BioProcess International
... Although it became popular throughout Europe and the Americas in the late 19th century and can be credited with reducing smallpox cases and mortality (2), variolation was a dangerous way to prevent disease — and it didn’t always work. The problem, of course, is that introducing virulent organisms in ...
... Although it became popular throughout Europe and the Americas in the late 19th century and can be credited with reducing smallpox cases and mortality (2), variolation was a dangerous way to prevent disease — and it didn’t always work. The problem, of course, is that introducing virulent organisms in ...
Anti-Viral Vaccines
... Injection: The nucleic acid of the virus moves through the plasma membrane and into the cytoplasm of the host cell. The capsid of a phage, a bacterial virus, remains on the outside. In contrast, many viruses that infect animal cells enter the host cell intact. Transcription: Within minutes of ph ...
... Injection: The nucleic acid of the virus moves through the plasma membrane and into the cytoplasm of the host cell. The capsid of a phage, a bacterial virus, remains on the outside. In contrast, many viruses that infect animal cells enter the host cell intact. Transcription: Within minutes of ph ...
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.