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10 medicinal plants from pakistan - UiO
10 medicinal plants from pakistan - UiO

... 10 SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF PAKISTAN ................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 19 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PA ...
BCG plus Interferon-alpha for Superficial Bladder Cancer
BCG plus Interferon-alpha for Superficial Bladder Cancer

... intravesical IFN-α monotherapy for superficial bladder cancer has limited total effectiveness vis-avis chemotherapy or BCG, it can induce long term remissions even in patients that have failed other forms of therapy and does so with a very favorable toxicity profile causing little to no cystitis. Re ...
APRES 29-6 for pdf.indd
APRES 29-6 for pdf.indd

... diaphoresis occurs in about a third of cases. Common nonspecific effects include nausea, lethargy, malaise and headache. ...
Pandemic Influenza - Massachusetts Medical Society
Pandemic Influenza - Massachusetts Medical Society

... • Infectious Period A person is infectious before onset of symptoms and may transmit virus for several weeks The CDC recommends that patients with influenzalike illness remain at home until they are fever free (100.4° F [37.8°C]) for at least 24 hours without the use of antipyretics Content source: ...
Clinical exam
Clinical exam

... This trial calls for a three-arm design (IPV, bOPV, or unvaccinated) in three age groups, infants aged 6-11 months, children aged 5-6 years, and children aged 10-11 years. A challenge dose with bOPV will be administered to all study subjects to assess mucosal immunity. This design will provide the f ...
The Practice of Travel Medicine: Guidelines by the Infectious
The Practice of Travel Medicine: Guidelines by the Infectious

... (3) Hepatitis A vaccination should be considered for all travelers (A-III). Booster doses following the primary 2-dose series are not currently recommended (A-II). (4) Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis, rabies, tickborne encephalitis, and typhoid fever should be administered on the basis of ...
Safety of higher dosages of Viscum album L. in animals and humans
Safety of higher dosages of Viscum album L. in animals and humans

... locally and in high dosage. The question is raised whether these higher dosages can induce any harm or immunosuppressive effects. Methods: Systematic review of all experiments and clinical studies investigating higher dosages of VAE in animals and humans (Viscum album > 1 mg in humans corresponding ...
Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone an
Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone an

... In carrying out the review, the WG faced the challenge of considering a remarkably large body of new evidence since the prior review. For particulate matter especially, there have been thousands of new papers addressing exposure, and providing new toxicological and epidemiological findings on advers ...
Guideline for the Control of Measles Incidents and Outbreaks in
Guideline for the Control of Measles Incidents and Outbreaks in

... 2011, the Chief Medical Officer for Scotland recommended that MMR vaccination history should be reviewed for all children at their teenage booster appointment and MMR vaccine offered if a child was not fully vaccinated with two doses of MMR vaccine2. This was implemented in each NHS board during the ...
Smallpox Vaccination and Adverse Reactions Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Guidance for Clinicians
Smallpox Vaccination and Adverse Reactions Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Guidance for Clinicians

... mother to fetus, is a rare, but serious, complication of smallpox vaccination during pregnancy or shortly before conception. It is manifested by skin lesions and organ involvement, and often results in fetal or neonatal death. No known reliable intrauterine diagnostic test is available to confirm fe ...
Ephedrine and Other Stimulants As Ergogenic Aids
Ephedrine and Other Stimulants As Ergogenic Aids

... diagnosis and increased demand by parents for stimulant treatment [1]. This increased prevalence of use has resulted in sports and team physicians being faced with an increasing number of athletes asking about its use, regulation, and effects on athletic performance. In addition, methylphenidate in ...
Even high doses of oral cannabidiol do not cause THC
Even high doses of oral cannabidiol do not cause THC

... In their discussion authors wrote: “The quantity of THC formed after oral administration of CBDcontaining medications can thus be calculated—provided that the proportion of the CBD dose that would be soluble in the acidic gastric environment and thus “available” for degradation is also known. In a t ...
2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for
2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for

... 26. Patients with primary complement deficiencies should receive all routine vaccines based on the CDC annual schedule; none are contraindicated (strong, low). 27. Patients with primary complement deficiencies and who are (a) aged 2–5 years should receive 1 dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vac ...
PDF - ECronicon
PDF - ECronicon

... alterations of the response concern the components of acute inflammatory response [12]. For example, placebo modulations are detected in asthmatic patients. Six percent of asthma participants in large studies show clinically relevant improvement in pulmonary function only ...
2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for
2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for

... 26. Patients with primary complement deficiencies should receive all routine vaccines based on the CDC annual schedule; none are contraindicated (strong, low). 27. Patients with primary complement deficiencies and who are (a) aged 2–5 years should receive 1 dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vac ...
Bispectral Index Monitoring, Duration of Bispectral Index Below 45
Bispectral Index Monitoring, Duration of Bispectral Index Below 45

... decades. In contrast, less attention has been focused on anesthesia-related factors and their possible associations with short- and intermediate-term survival after noncardiac surgery. It has been suggested that, when a processed electroencephalographic index is used during general anesthesia, patie ...
DT Adsorbed PI - VaccineShoppe.com
DT Adsorbed PI - VaccineShoppe.com

... was administered concomitantly with Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed at 2 and 4 months of age. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels were evaluated at 8 months of age (see Table 2). Protective levels of diphtheria antitoxin (>0.01 IU/mL) and tetanus antitoxin (>0.01 IU/mL) were detected in ...
Double-Blinding: The Benefits and Risks of Being in the Dark
Double-Blinding: The Benefits and Risks of Being in the Dark

... physicians. For instance, imagine a new drug for the common cold was invented that the investigators were intending to test against an (initially) observationallyindistinguishable placebo. If the new pill made even the most severe symptoms of the cold disappear within seconds of swallowing it, then ...
Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed
Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed

... Alternatively, such individuals may be referred to an allergist for evaluation if further immunizations are to be considered. WARNINGS The stopper of the multi-dose vial contains dry natural latex rubber, which may cause allergic reactions in latex-sensitive individuals. Except under circumstances o ...
Adherence, ARV Toxicity, Drug Interactions
Adherence, ARV Toxicity, Drug Interactions

... Issues Affecting ART Success: Adherence, ARV Toxicity, Drug Interactions Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents April 2015 AETC NCRC Slide Set ...
MJMR_Inside pages _April 2017.cdr - Malaysian Journal of Medical
MJMR_Inside pages _April 2017.cdr - Malaysian Journal of Medical

... relying on whether the meta analysis is about meta-analysis should not have already been answered interventions to be tested against each other or whether satisfactorily via the outcomes of multiple well the meta analysis being conducted is about association conducted randomized trials (Khan, et al. ...
Coccidiosis or Coccidiasis?
Coccidiosis or Coccidiasis?

... higher rates of oocyst sporulation and higher challenge. • This is one reason for which coccidiosis is still usually a bigger problem during the cold or rainy months of the year. ...
Hamilton County Communicable Disease Report 2004
Hamilton County Communicable Disease Report 2004

... investigate sources of infection, implement effective control measures, and develop programs and policies to prevent the spread of disease. There are six local health departments within Hamilton County responsible for investigating cases of over 100 different types of reportable diseases (Appendix A ...
Retrospective Review of 456930 Doses
Retrospective Review of 456930 Doses

... (0.11% of total) were identified (458 low-osmolar iodinated, 64 gadolinium). The most common adverse effects were hives (274, 52.5%) and nausea (92, 17.6%). Of all adverse effects, 79 of low-osmolar iodinated and 15 of gadolinium contrast material necessitated treatment. Most treatments were perform ...
Immunization Handbook
Immunization Handbook

... corresponding infectious agent occurs subsequently. Thus vaccination, if successful, results in immunization: the vaccinated person has been immunized. In practice, the terms “vaccination” and “immunization” are often used interchangeably. Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminatin ...
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Non-specific effect of vaccines



Non-specific effects of vaccines (also called “heterologous effects"" or ""off-target effects"") are effects which go beyond the specific protective effects against the targeted diseases. Non-specific effects can be strongly beneficial, increasing protection against non-targeted infections, but also at times negative, increasing susceptibility to non-targeted infections. This depends on both the vaccine and the sex of the infant.All live attenuated vaccines studied so far (BCG vaccine, measles vaccine, oral polio vaccine, smallpox vaccine) have been shown to reduce mortality more than can be explained by prevention of the targeted infections. In contrast, inactivated vaccines (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP), hepatitis B vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine) may increase overall mortality despite providing protection against the target diseases.These effects may be long-lasting, at least up to the time point where a new type of vaccine is given. The non-specific effects can be very pronounced, with significant effects on overall mortality and morbidity. In a situation with herd immunity to the target disease, the non-specific effects can be more important for overall health than the specific vaccine effects.The non-specific effects should not be confused with the side effects of vaccines (such as local reactions at the side of vaccination or general reactions such as fever, head ache or rash, which usually resolve within days to weeks - or in rare cases anaphylaxis). Rather, non-specific effects represent a form of general immunomodulation, with important consequences for the immune system’s ability to handle subsequent challenges.It is estimated that millions of child deaths in low income countries could be prevented every year if the non-specific effects of vaccines were taken into consideration in immunization programs.
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