"Hidden" Momentum in a Coaxial Cable - Physics
... quantities are averaged over times longer than the time for a charge to move one gap length (≈ one atomic radius), the macroscopic current I is constant and the macroscopic velocity of the center of mass/energy of the charges is zero. ...
... quantities are averaged over times longer than the time for a charge to move one gap length (≈ one atomic radius), the macroscopic current I is constant and the macroscopic velocity of the center of mass/energy of the charges is zero. ...
Module 4.1 - The Scale of the Universe [slide 1] We now turn to
... describe the qualitative behavior of the universe. So distances to anything, galaxies, quasars, anything cosmology, scale with Hubble's constant and thus its importance. Moreover, physical parameters of, objects like galaxies or anything else, such as their total luminosity, or their masses or physi ...
... describe the qualitative behavior of the universe. So distances to anything, galaxies, quasars, anything cosmology, scale with Hubble's constant and thus its importance. Moreover, physical parameters of, objects like galaxies or anything else, such as their total luminosity, or their masses or physi ...
Energy - Glencoe
... diameter collided with Earth about 65 million years ago and might have caused the extinction of dinosaurs.The meteorite may have been moving 400 times faster than the baseball and would have a tremendous amount of kinetic energy due to its enormous mass and high speed—about a trillion trillion joule ...
... diameter collided with Earth about 65 million years ago and might have caused the extinction of dinosaurs.The meteorite may have been moving 400 times faster than the baseball and would have a tremendous amount of kinetic energy due to its enormous mass and high speed—about a trillion trillion joule ...
The Strikingly Uniform, Highly Turbulent Interstellar Medium of the
... ionized carbon, [C ii], and the underlying dust continuum emission in a sample of Hot DOGs spanning a range of redshifts and luminosities. Observations of W2246-0526, the first galaxy of the sample observed, were carried out on 2014-06-29 and 2014-12-07 in band 7 using four spectral windows in the l ...
... ionized carbon, [C ii], and the underlying dust continuum emission in a sample of Hot DOGs spanning a range of redshifts and luminosities. Observations of W2246-0526, the first galaxy of the sample observed, were carried out on 2014-06-29 and 2014-12-07 in band 7 using four spectral windows in the l ...
Galaxies - University of Iowa Astrophysics
... - The galaxies lie on sheets, the largest structures known in the universe. - There are enormous voids where few galaxies are found. - On scales much larger than 100 Mpc, the distribution of galaxies appears to be roughly uniform. ...
... - The galaxies lie on sheets, the largest structures known in the universe. - There are enormous voids where few galaxies are found. - On scales much larger than 100 Mpc, the distribution of galaxies appears to be roughly uniform. ...
Hyperbolic Geometrodynamic Warp Drives
... gravitational physics or more specifically general relativity. The purpose of the warp drive metric survey and related fields given within this E-Book is meant to act as an aid for scientific researchers as well as to answer questions curious parties may initially have regarding the behavior of warp ...
... gravitational physics or more specifically general relativity. The purpose of the warp drive metric survey and related fields given within this E-Book is meant to act as an aid for scientific researchers as well as to answer questions curious parties may initially have regarding the behavior of warp ...
Practical cosmology with the Local Volume galaxies
... While having accurate velocities and distances for ~250 LV galaxies, one can study distribution of peculiar velocities within the Volume. A peculiar velocity map for the LV galaxies in the LG reference frame shows the local Hubble flow to be generally calm with peculiar velocity variations within ± ...
... While having accurate velocities and distances for ~250 LV galaxies, one can study distribution of peculiar velocities within the Volume. A peculiar velocity map for the LV galaxies in the LG reference frame shows the local Hubble flow to be generally calm with peculiar velocity variations within ± ...
Effects of topological defects and local curvature on the electronic
... The recent synthesis of single layers of graphite and the experimental confirmation of the properties predicted by continuous models based on the Dirac equation[1, 2] have renew the interest in this type of materials. Under a theoretical point of view, graphene has received a lot of attention in the ...
... The recent synthesis of single layers of graphite and the experimental confirmation of the properties predicted by continuous models based on the Dirac equation[1, 2] have renew the interest in this type of materials. Under a theoretical point of view, graphene has received a lot of attention in the ...
Backreaction and the Covariant Formalism of General Relativity
... The epoch that started when the universe was about 5 billion years old and lasts until today is sometimes called the dark energy dominated era. This is due to the fact that according to ΛCDM in this epoch the density of dark energy exceeded the density of matter. In the framework of ΛCDM, dark energ ...
... The epoch that started when the universe was about 5 billion years old and lasts until today is sometimes called the dark energy dominated era. This is due to the fact that according to ΛCDM in this epoch the density of dark energy exceeded the density of matter. In the framework of ΛCDM, dark energ ...
The False Force - Gravity
... dark energy exists. Though dark energy is said to have the exact opposite ability of gravity, it is improbable that either gravity or dark energy are forces. If the force known as dark energy exists, it should thrive in areas of very low mass. In addition, this force would have to account for nearly ...
... dark energy exists. Though dark energy is said to have the exact opposite ability of gravity, it is improbable that either gravity or dark energy are forces. If the force known as dark energy exists, it should thrive in areas of very low mass. In addition, this force would have to account for nearly ...
Galaxies
... Neutral hydrogen gas, invisible in the optical, but visible in the 21 cm radio line. Dark matter. ...
... Neutral hydrogen gas, invisible in the optical, but visible in the 21 cm radio line. Dark matter. ...
Abstract - UChicago High Energy Physics
... (BAU) remains one of the greatest puzzles of cosmology. As was pointed out by Sakharov, any model that explains BAU has to satisfy three conditions: (1) baryon number non-conservation, (2) C and CP violations, and (3) departure from thermal equilibrium [1]. In fact, many of the early Universe proble ...
... (BAU) remains one of the greatest puzzles of cosmology. As was pointed out by Sakharov, any model that explains BAU has to satisfy three conditions: (1) baryon number non-conservation, (2) C and CP violations, and (3) departure from thermal equilibrium [1]. In fact, many of the early Universe proble ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... a very dense and very hot state, the Big Bang, expanding and cooling over time. Even today, echoes of the Big Bang can be observed, for example in the form of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Accurate observations of ...
... a very dense and very hot state, the Big Bang, expanding and cooling over time. Even today, echoes of the Big Bang can be observed, for example in the form of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Accurate observations of ...
Origin of Cosmic Rays
... Let us start by considering the question of where the particles themselves come from, the first interpretation listed above. Out of what reservoir of material are the atomic nuclei drawn which ultimately end up as the cosmic rays that we observe? The standard approach to such a question is to look i ...
... Let us start by considering the question of where the particles themselves come from, the first interpretation listed above. Out of what reservoir of material are the atomic nuclei drawn which ultimately end up as the cosmic rays that we observe? The standard approach to such a question is to look i ...
Option D – Astrophysics
... techniques to collect data with an unprecedented degree of precision, and as a result very surprising and detailed conclusions about the structure of the universe have been reached. ...
... techniques to collect data with an unprecedented degree of precision, and as a result very surprising and detailed conclusions about the structure of the universe have been reached. ...
Interacting Galaxies
... While galaxies collide, with very rare exceptions, the stars within them do not. This is because so much of a galaxy is simply empty space, with distances between stars about 100 million times larger than their stellar diameters. What collides is the gas and dust between the stars, which produces a ...
... While galaxies collide, with very rare exceptions, the stars within them do not. This is because so much of a galaxy is simply empty space, with distances between stars about 100 million times larger than their stellar diameters. What collides is the gas and dust between the stars, which produces a ...
The theory of dipoles vortex Author: Prof. Vasile Tudor, The
... elementary particles are mirrored reflection of the properties of the appropriate antiparticules and can be explained by reference to the dipoles vortex in the two universes in which universal particles involved entering (or leaving) through a pole and leaving (or entering) through the other pole wi ...
... elementary particles are mirrored reflection of the properties of the appropriate antiparticules and can be explained by reference to the dipoles vortex in the two universes in which universal particles involved entering (or leaving) through a pole and leaving (or entering) through the other pole wi ...
Dark energy
In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe. Dark energy is the most accepted hypothesis to explain the observations since the 1990s indicating that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Assuming that the standard model of cosmology is correct, the best current measurements indicate that dark energy contributes 68.3% of the total energy in the present-day observable universe. The mass–energy of dark matter and ordinary matter contribute 26.8% and 4.9%, respectively, and other components such as neutrinos and photons contribute a very small amount. Again on a mass–energy equivalence basis, the density of dark energy (6.91 × 10−27 kg/m3) is very low, much less than the density of ordinary matter or dark matter within galaxies. However, it comes to dominate the mass–energy of the universe because it is uniform across space.Two proposed forms for dark energy are the cosmological constant, a constant energy density filling space homogeneously, and scalar fields such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space. Contributions from scalar fields that are constant in space are usually also included in the cosmological constant. The cosmological constant can be formulated to be equivalent to vacuum energy. Scalar fields that do change in space can be difficult to distinguish from a cosmological constant because the change may be extremely slow.High-precision measurements of the expansion of the universe are required to understand how the expansion rate changes over time and space. In general relativity, the evolution of the expansion rate is parameterized by the cosmological equation of state (the relationship between temperature, pressure, and combined matter, energy, and vacuum energy density for any region of space). Measuring the equation of state for dark energy is one of the biggest efforts in observational cosmology today.Adding the cosmological constant to cosmology's standard FLRW metric leads to the Lambda-CDM model, which has been referred to as the ""standard model of cosmology"" because of its precise agreement with observations. Dark energy has been used as a crucial ingredient in a recent attempt to formulate a cyclic model for the universe.