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... B. Southern Hardships 1. Black Southerners – 4 Million freed people in a region with slow economic activity. (Freedmen) 2. Plantation Owners a. Lost slave labor worth about $3 billion. b. Federal government seized $100 million in southern plantations and cotton. 3. Poor White Southerners – Could not ...
The Second Civil War
The Second Civil War

... President Johnson kept most of Lincoln’s ideas but also required states to— to Declare secession illegal Ratify the 13th Amendment He also demanded that wealthy planters and highhigh-ranking Confederates ask him personally for forgiveness ...
Chapter 22 Powerpoint - Ector County Independent School District
Chapter 22 Powerpoint - Ector County Independent School District

... restricted freedmen’s rights.  The black codes established virtual slavery with provisions such as these:  Curfews: Generally, black people could not gather after sunset.  Vagrancy laws: Freedmen convicted of vagrancy– that is, not working– could be fined, whipped, or sold for a year’s labor.  L ...
The American Civil War
The American Civil War

... of food and disease. Union camps often retaliated for perceived maltreatment of Union soldiers by the CSA ...
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS   Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

... Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 (they could apply directly to Johnson)  In new constitutions, they must accept minimum conditions repudiating slavery, secession and state debts.  Named provisional governors in Confederate states and called them to overs ...
Southern Reconstruction
Southern Reconstruction

... ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners from voting  Pardoned more than 13,000 former Confederates so that “white men alone must manage the South”  All but Texas joined and sent Representatives to Congress, ...
Reconstruction (1865
Reconstruction (1865

... should control the process of Reconstruction? ...
Reconstruction Debate Notes
Reconstruction Debate Notes

... Reconstruction Debate: Both Presidents Lincoln and Johnson favored a lenient approach to reconstruction. It was their belief that the nation could be best served by leaving the brutality of the Civil War behind quickly. Radical Republicans, led by Thadeaus Stevens, argued that the South should be pu ...
PowerPoint on Reconstruction
PowerPoint on Reconstruction

... Rev. Henry McNeal Turner—one of the first African Americans elected to Georgia General Assembly Ku Klux Klan—tried to frightened freedmen from voting and pursuing their civil rights Military Governor—Officer who rules each military district in the South. ...
Reconstruction - St. Mary School
Reconstruction - St. Mary School

... In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt such as tenant farming or ...
Three plans for Reconstruction Black Codes, Jim Crow Scalawags
Three plans for Reconstruction Black Codes, Jim Crow Scalawags

... E. Southerners must take an oath to the United States AND apologize for leaving - they must also agree to end slavery - Johnson’s Plan more harsh than Lincoln’s Plan III. Radical Republicans Plan A. Revenge — a desire among some to punish the South for causing the war B. Concern for the freedmen — s ...
Notes on Reconstruction
Notes on Reconstruction

... End of Reconstruction - Grant was elected President on the Republican ticket in the election of 1868. While he was a good general, he did not understand politics and left the policy making to Congress, namely the Radical Republicans. This pleased the Radical Republicans greatly, but left the preside ...
Reconstruction
Reconstruction

... should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. should war bonds be paid back in specie or ...
Reconstruction
Reconstruction

... expansion and Indian wars. « Bureau of Indian Affairs « Sand Creek, Treaty of Ft ...
Reconstruction - Hicksville Public Schools
Reconstruction - Hicksville Public Schools

... should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. should war bonds be paid back in specie or ...
Reconstruction (1865
Reconstruction (1865

... Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863) Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South. He didn’t consult Congress regarding Reconstruction. Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers. ...
Reconstruction
Reconstruction

... 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations. ...
Reconstruction (1865
Reconstruction (1865

... should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. should war bonds be paid back in specie or ...
Reconstruction
Reconstruction

... Freedom to own land (Forty acres and a Mule) Freedom to Worship Freedmen’s Bureau (First relief agency in US History- gave out clothing, medical supplies, and food more than 250,000 African Americans received their first education from it) Freedom to Learn (1860 90% of black adults were illiterate) ...
Ch. 22 PowerPoint - Jessamine County Schools
Ch. 22 PowerPoint - Jessamine County Schools

... •Violence: As federal troops withdrew from the South, some white Democrats used violence and intimidation to prevent freedmen from voting. This tactic allowed white Southerners to regain control of the state governments. •The Democrats’ return to power: The pardoned exConfederates combined with othe ...
Reconstruction (1865
Reconstruction (1865

... should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. should war bonds be paid back in specie or ...
Reconstruction - YISS
Reconstruction - YISS

... should the government retire $432m worth of “greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. ...
Congressional Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction

... African Americans were free, but many were w/out food or shelter, and the differences b/w the N & S remained. ...
Unit 6 CHAPTER 16: The Crises of Reconstruction 1865
Unit 6 CHAPTER 16: The Crises of Reconstruction 1865

... states did not grant blacks the vote. 13. ____The Republicans in the late 1860s relied on the votes of the newly enfranchised former slaves. 14. ____Susan B. Anthony argued that both the 14th and 15th Amendments did not help women’s rights. 15. __F__Scalawags were Northerners who came south during t ...
Reconstruction
Reconstruction

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Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island

The Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, also known as the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, or ""Freedman's Colony"", was founded in 1863 during the Civil War after Union Major General John G. Foster, Commander of the 18th Army Corps, captured the Confederate fortifications on Roanoke Island off North Carolina in 1862. He classified the slaves living there as ""contraband"", following the precedent of General Benjamin Butler at Fort Monroe in 1861, and did not return them to Confederate slaveholders. In 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation, all slaves in Union-occupied territories were freed.The island colony started as one of what were 100 contraband camps by the war's end, but it became something more. The African Americans lived as freedmen and civilians. They were joined by former slaves from the mainland, seeking refuge and freedom with the Union forces. They were paid for their work and sought education, along with their children.As commanding officer of the Department of North Carolina, in 1863 Foster appointed Horace James, a Congregational chaplain, as the ""Superintendent of Negro Affairs in the North Carolina District"", to supervise the contraband camps and administer to freedmen. James was based at New Bern, where he managed the Trent River contraband camp. James believed the Roanoke Island Colony was an important experiment in black freedom and a potential model for other freedmen communities. Freedmen built churches and set up the first free school for black children here; and they were soon joined by Northern missionary teachers who came to the South to help the effort. There was a core group of about six teachers, but a total of 27 teachers served at the island. As the war went on, conditions became more difficult at the crowded colony, whose residents suffered infectious diseases.In 1865 President Andrew Johnson ordered the return of all property under his ""Amnesty Proclamation"", and the lands cultivated and occupied by contraband camps were returned to owners. The freedmen were not given rights to their holdings in the Colony, and most left the island. Its soil had proved too poor to support many subsistence farmers. In later 1865, the US Army directed the dismantling of the three forts on the island. By 1867, the colony was abandoned, but about 300 freedmen still lived there independently in 1870. Some of their descendants live there today.
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