Download Three plans for Reconstruction Black Codes, Jim Crow Scalawags

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Three plans for Reconstruction
Black Codes, Jim Crow
Scalawags, Carpetbaggers
Literacy test, Poll tax, Grandfather clause
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Sharecropping, Freedmen Bureau
Plessey v. Ferguson
Ku Klux Klan
Election of 1876; Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel Tilden
Compromise of 1877
Impeachment
Three Reconstruction Plans
I. President Lincoln’s Plan
A. A general amnesty would be granted to all who would take
an oath of loyalty to
the United States and pledge to obey all federal laws
pertaining to slavery
B. High Confederate officials and military leaders were to be
temporarily excluded
from the process
C. When one tenth of the number of voters who had participated
in the 1860 election
had taken the oath within a particular state, then that state
could launch a new government and elect representatives to
Congress.
D. 10% Plan – if 10% of voters took an oath to the US – they
could be readmitted
- They must also agree to end slavery
II. President Johnson’s Plan
A. Pardons would be granted to those taking a loyalty oath
B. No pardons would be available to high Confederate officials
and persons owning property valued in excess of $20,000
C. A state needed to abolish slavery before being readmitted
D. A state was required to repeal its secession ordinance before
being readmitted
E. Southerners must take an oath to the United
States AND apologize for leaving
- they must also agree to end slavery
- Johnson’s Plan more harsh than Lincoln’s Plan
III. Radical Republicans Plan
A. Revenge — a desire among some to punish the South for
causing the war
B. Concern for the freedmen — some believed that the federal
government had a role to play in the transition of freedmen
from slavery to freedom
C. Political concerns — the Radicals wanted to keep the
Republican Party in power in both the North and the South.
D. They South should pay for what they did – broke the rules
and seceded (ran away)
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
I. 13th Amendment
A. Look It Up In Your Book
II. 14th Amendment
B. Look It Up In Your Book
III. 15th Amendment
B. Look It Up!
Carpetbagger
The derogatory term for Northerners who came to the
South after the Civil War. Some came for humanitarian
reasons. Others came to take advantage of the situation
after the war. Some used the votes of black voters to get
themselves elected, and figured out crooked ways to
profit from holding public office.
Scalawag
The term assigned to those Southerners who had opposed
secession or fought for the Union or joined forces with the
Radical Republican
Another word for Traitor
Black Codes
laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War that restricted
travel and other activities of freed slaves.
The laws varied, and some provided for limited rights. But
generally, they deprived blacks of key civil rights. Many barred
blacks from juries and from testifying against white people.
Some required that blacks have proof of employment.
Whites claimed the laws were needed to deal with a
population of freed slaves who had little knowledge of life
outside slavery. Northerners felt the laws were proof that
Southern whites intended to keep former slaves in a secondclass status forever.
Jim Crow
Derogatory name given to blacks – became series of rules and
laws for blacks in the South
http://www.ferris.edu/JIMCROW/what.htm
Literacy Test, Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause
I. Literacy Tests
used by southern states to disenfranchise (deprive the
right to vote) blacks from the late 19th century to 1965
II.
Poll Tax
a fee a voter paid to cast a
ballot. Used in America to
prevent southern blacks from
voting.
III. Grandfather Clause
exemption from state property
and literacy requirements to
citizens, or descendants of
citizens, who had the right to
vote prior to 1866 or 1867
Freedmen’s Bureau
I. Purpose of Freedmen’s Bureau
to provide food, medical
care, help with resettlement,
and establish schools. Over 1,000
schools were built, teacher-training institutions
were created, and several black colleges were
founded and financed
II. Why the Freedmen’s Bureau Failed
III.
Could not provide land for freedmen
so focused on finding work for them
– led to sharecropping
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
so focused on finding work for them
– led to sharecropping
Plessy v. Ferguson
I.
Separate But Equal
a. "separate" facilities for blacks and whites were
constitutional as long as they were "equal." The "separate
but equal" doctrine was quickly extended to cover many
areas of public life, such as restaurants, theaters, restrooms,
and public schools.
Ku Klux Klan
I.
History of the KKK
Dressed in robes and sheets, intended to prevent identification
by the occupying federal troops (and supposedly designed to
frighten blacks), the Klan quickly became a terrorist
organization in service of the Democratic Party and white
supremacy. Between 1869 and 1871 its goal was to destroy
Congressional Reconstruction by murdering blacks -- and some
whites -- who were either active in Republican politics or
educating black children. The Klan burned churches and
schools and drove thousands of people out of their homes.
II. Force Acts
- outlawed actions intended to deprive blacks of the right to vote
- known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, attempted to prevent the
intimidation of blacks by any illegal action
- gave the president the right to employ the militia and to suspend
the right of habeas corpus (right in court to determine whether
government can continue to detain you) when public safety was
threatened
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
I.
What does impeachment mean?
a. A formal accusation issued by a legislature against a
public official charged with crime or other serious
misconduct
b. It does NOT mean the President is removed from office
II.
Why was President Johnson impeached
a. He violated the Tenure of Office Act
III. Was he voted out of office?
a. NO – missed by 1 vote
Election of 1876
I.
Rutherford B. Hayes (OH) v. Samuel Tilden (NY)
a. Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote. His final popular vote tally
would be 4,288,546. The total popular vote for Hayes was
4,034,311.
b. Tilden had 184 electoral votes – Hayes had 165
And there were 20 disputed votes in SC, FL, LA
c. Congressional Committee gave votes to Hayes
d. Hayes votes – 185 Tilden votes – 184
Compromise of 1877
I. Hayes would end Reconstruction in South
II. Hayes would remove federal troops from South
Many historians believe the Compromise of 1877
marked a turn in policy away from concern for
freed slaves in the South, and ultimately helped
usher in the era of Jim Crow