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... Recombination can have profound affects of genome evolution via GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC; reviewed in [42]). This process is believed to occur due to the biased repair of nucleotide mismatches that occur in heteroduplex DNA generated from pairing of two alleles during meiotic recombination. T ...
... Recombination can have profound affects of genome evolution via GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC; reviewed in [42]). This process is believed to occur due to the biased repair of nucleotide mismatches that occur in heteroduplex DNA generated from pairing of two alleles during meiotic recombination. T ...
W i
... attacked on their right flank by a scale-eater with a jaw that curves to the left, so the prey learns to look to the right when being vigilant to attack. While the prey learn to look right, they leave their left flank exposed to the scale-eater with a jaw that curves to the right. This gives the rar ...
... attacked on their right flank by a scale-eater with a jaw that curves to the left, so the prey learns to look to the right when being vigilant to attack. While the prey learn to look right, they leave their left flank exposed to the scale-eater with a jaw that curves to the right. This gives the rar ...
study on factors affecting the efficiency of marker
... restore completely, assuming that two alleles of marker fixed in donor and recipient respectively. These studies indicate with molecular marker, recipient’s genetic background can restore quickly as well as guarantee introgressing donor gene effectively. But to restore recipient’s genetic background ...
... restore completely, assuming that two alleles of marker fixed in donor and recipient respectively. These studies indicate with molecular marker, recipient’s genetic background can restore quickly as well as guarantee introgressing donor gene effectively. But to restore recipient’s genetic background ...
What role does natural selection play in speciation?
... by selection would have lower fitness, on average, and that the average hybrid fitness would decrease with divergence. It is remarkable that, in fact, organisms that offer by thousands of amino acid substitutions often freely hybridize, and that even where they do not, relatively few incompatibiliti ...
... by selection would have lower fitness, on average, and that the average hybrid fitness would decrease with divergence. It is remarkable that, in fact, organisms that offer by thousands of amino acid substitutions often freely hybridize, and that even where they do not, relatively few incompatibiliti ...
Directional selection can drive the evolution of
... first place, and what forces are responsible for keeping and/or changing modular patterns? We approached these questions using a quantitative genetics simulation framework, building on previous results obtained with bivariate systems and extending them to multivariate systems. We developed an indivi ...
... first place, and what forces are responsible for keeping and/or changing modular patterns? We approached these questions using a quantitative genetics simulation framework, building on previous results obtained with bivariate systems and extending them to multivariate systems. We developed an indivi ...
A Selective Sweep Driven by Pyrimethamine Treatment in Southeast
... locations 2,000 km apart. Three features of these data are of especial interest. (1) Pyrimethamine resistance is generally assumed to have evolved multiple times because the genetic basis is simple and resistance can be selected easily in the laboratory. Yet our data clearly indicate a single origin ...
... locations 2,000 km apart. Three features of these data are of especial interest. (1) Pyrimethamine resistance is generally assumed to have evolved multiple times because the genetic basis is simple and resistance can be selected easily in the laboratory. Yet our data clearly indicate a single origin ...
Folie 1 - NETTAB
... Hospital Bonn participated in the Boston Children’s Hospital’s CLARITY challenge. ...
... Hospital Bonn participated in the Boston Children’s Hospital’s CLARITY challenge. ...
Predictions of Patterns of Response to Artificial Selection
... crossover positions sampled from an exponential distribution with the parameter depending on the length of the chromosome. Selection was continued for a specified number of generations, with replicate sampling of selection lines from the same cage and replicate cage populations. Each generation, the ...
... crossover positions sampled from an exponential distribution with the parameter depending on the length of the chromosome. Selection was continued for a specified number of generations, with replicate sampling of selection lines from the same cage and replicate cage populations. Each generation, the ...
Lec17_heritability
... Simplification: Assume phenotypes fall into discrete categories, determined strictly by genotypes ...
... Simplification: Assume phenotypes fall into discrete categories, determined strictly by genotypes ...
CARAT Documentation
... • The first row is a header line that starts with ‘Chr SNP cm bp ’, followed by the individual IDs. Every person in this file has to be present in the phenotype file and vice versa. In the current version of the software, individuals must be listed in the same order as in the phenotype data file, an ...
... • The first row is a header line that starts with ‘Chr SNP cm bp ’, followed by the individual IDs. Every person in this file has to be present in the phenotype file and vice versa. In the current version of the software, individuals must be listed in the same order as in the phenotype data file, an ...
Family-Based association tests and the FBAT
... segregation and conditioning on the sufficient statistics for any nuisance parameters under the null. Since conditioning eliminates all nuisance parameters, the technique avoids confounding due to model misspecification as well as admixture or population stratification (Rabinowitz and Laird, 2000; L ...
... segregation and conditioning on the sufficient statistics for any nuisance parameters under the null. Since conditioning eliminates all nuisance parameters, the technique avoids confounding due to model misspecification as well as admixture or population stratification (Rabinowitz and Laird, 2000; L ...
The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the
... contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes according to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection, they are often more affected by history and ...
... contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes according to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection, they are often more affected by history and ...
The geography of introgression in a patchy
... contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes according to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection, they are often more affected by history and ...
... contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes according to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection, they are often more affected by history and ...
Biophysics 101 Genomics and Computational Biology
... Mutation, drift, selection Binomial & exponential dx/dt = kx Association studies c2 statistic Linked and causative alleles Haplotypes Computing the first genome, the second ... New technologies Random and systematic errors ...
... Mutation, drift, selection Binomial & exponential dx/dt = kx Association studies c2 statistic Linked and causative alleles Haplotypes Computing the first genome, the second ... New technologies Random and systematic errors ...
Genetic polymorphisms among C57BL/6 mouse inbred strains
... to these as ‘‘C57’’ or ‘‘C57 black’’ or ‘‘B6’’), it is important to distinguish the exact background when examining the genotype because of the possible effects on phenotype. Thus, knockout and transgenic mice produced in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N inbred substrains might co-exist in a given animal house ...
... to these as ‘‘C57’’ or ‘‘C57 black’’ or ‘‘B6’’), it is important to distinguish the exact background when examining the genotype because of the possible effects on phenotype. Thus, knockout and transgenic mice produced in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N inbred substrains might co-exist in a given animal house ...
Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila
... 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a lower recombination index than the control value. This distribution, seven of eight, has a probability equal to 0.03 if values less than or greater than the control are eq ...
... 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a lower recombination index than the control value. This distribution, seven of eight, has a probability equal to 0.03 if values less than or greater than the control are eq ...
A Genomic Imprinting Test for Ordinal Traits in Pedigree Data
... Genomic imprinting can lead maternally and paternally derived alleles with identical nucleotide sequences to function differently and has been found to affect the complex inheritance of a variety of human disorders. Statistical methods that differentiate the parent-of-origin effects on human disease ...
... Genomic imprinting can lead maternally and paternally derived alleles with identical nucleotide sequences to function differently and has been found to affect the complex inheritance of a variety of human disorders. Statistical methods that differentiate the parent-of-origin effects on human disease ...
The long-term evolution of multi- locus traits under
... may occur at every locus. We use the index k to arbitrarily label the different alleles that occur within the population at a specified locus l . Correspondingly, alk and xlk denote the kth allele at the lth locus and its phenotypic effect (allelic effect), respectively. We initially assume that loc ...
... may occur at every locus. We use the index k to arbitrarily label the different alleles that occur within the population at a specified locus l . Correspondingly, alk and xlk denote the kth allele at the lth locus and its phenotypic effect (allelic effect), respectively. We initially assume that loc ...
Candidate gene scan for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms involved
... coordinates of the anthropometric landmarks were used to calculate 92 craniofacial distances. ...
... coordinates of the anthropometric landmarks were used to calculate 92 craniofacial distances. ...
Effects of the Ordering of Natural Selection and Population
... in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We show that these two modes of natural selection correspond to different orderings of the processes of population regulation and natural selection in the Wright-Fisher model. We find that under ...
... in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We show that these two modes of natural selection correspond to different orderings of the processes of population regulation and natural selection in the Wright-Fisher model. We find that under ...
L18Selection
... lasting changes in the population only if it is, at least partially, due to variation among their genotypes. If we think in terms of populations, the impact of selection is obvious: the winner is the one who runs faster. Darwinian mechanism of evolution implies that withinpopulation variation is not ...
... lasting changes in the population only if it is, at least partially, due to variation among their genotypes. If we think in terms of populations, the impact of selection is obvious: the winner is the one who runs faster. Darwinian mechanism of evolution implies that withinpopulation variation is not ...
Directional Selection on a discrete trait
... Amy D. Sullivan et al. 2001. The coreceptor mutation CCR5Δ32 influences the dynamics of HIV epidemics and is selected for by HIV. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98: 10214–10219. ...
... Amy D. Sullivan et al. 2001. The coreceptor mutation CCR5Δ32 influences the dynamics of HIV epidemics and is selected for by HIV. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98: 10214–10219. ...
Lecture 3: (Part 1) Natural selection
... - various forms of selection that lead to the active maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. - alleles are said to be “balanced” because a stable equilibrium state is reached. - if allele frequencies are perturbed from this equilibrium, selection will return them back to that state. ...
... - various forms of selection that lead to the active maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. - alleles are said to be “balanced” because a stable equilibrium state is reached. - if allele frequencies are perturbed from this equilibrium, selection will return them back to that state. ...
POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LAB
... In certain African countries, 4 percent of the newborn babies have sickle-cell anemia, which is a recessive trait. Out of a random population of 1000 newborn babiew, how many would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes? ...
... In certain African countries, 4 percent of the newborn babies have sickle-cell anemia, which is a recessive trait. Out of a random population of 1000 newborn babiew, how many would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes? ...
Tag SNP
A tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium that represents a group of SNPs called a haplotype. It is possible to identify genetic variation and association to phenotypes without genotyping every SNP in a chromosomal region. This reduces the expense and time of mapping genome areas associated with disease, since it eliminates the need to study every individual SNP. Tag SNPs are useful in whole-genome SNP association studies in which hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the entire genome are genotyped.