Directional Positive Selection on an Allele of Arbitrary
... examining the trajectory of the allele conditional on fixation. For strong selection, an example is provided in Figure 2a. When the allele is rare, it is found almost exclusively in heterozygotes. Thus, if it is recessive (e.g., h ¼ 0.1), it will be hidden from selection in the early phases and take ...
... examining the trajectory of the allele conditional on fixation. For strong selection, an example is provided in Figure 2a. When the allele is rare, it is found almost exclusively in heterozygotes. Thus, if it is recessive (e.g., h ¼ 0.1), it will be hidden from selection in the early phases and take ...
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis
... Dr. Anne M. Bowcock, Chair Dr. Nancy L. Saccone, co-Chair ...
... Dr. Anne M. Bowcock, Chair Dr. Nancy L. Saccone, co-Chair ...
Lecture PDF - Carol Eunmi LEE
... The allele has a negative effect upon T cell function, but appears to protect against smallpox and HIV HIV has no receptor to bind to and cannot enter the cell This allele is found in 14% of Europeans ...
... The allele has a negative effect upon T cell function, but appears to protect against smallpox and HIV HIV has no receptor to bind to and cannot enter the cell This allele is found in 14% of Europeans ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Eunmi LEE
... Natural Selection)? (1) The trait must be heritable (2) The differences between populations are genetically based differences rather than inducible differences (plasticity) (3) The trait has fitness consequences (promotes survival, performance, and number of offspring) (If a trait evolved due to gen ...
... Natural Selection)? (1) The trait must be heritable (2) The differences between populations are genetically based differences rather than inducible differences (plasticity) (3) The trait has fitness consequences (promotes survival, performance, and number of offspring) (If a trait evolved due to gen ...
Modest evidence for linkage and possible confirmation of
... The second approach uses the family based association test (FBAT) [Rabinowitz and Laird, 2000]. In addition to being able to use extended families, the FBAT also handles missing data appropriately, and so does not waste information. Association between a specific allele and schizophrenia is assessed ...
... The second approach uses the family based association test (FBAT) [Rabinowitz and Laird, 2000]. In addition to being able to use extended families, the FBAT also handles missing data appropriately, and so does not waste information. Association between a specific allele and schizophrenia is assessed ...
SUPPLEMENTAL METHODS AND RESULTS METHODS Sampling
... resulted in 14,990 SNPs in the final dataset that we used for demographic modeling. Population structure and migration We investigated observed patterns of genetic diversity to define evolutionary clusters that could be used to inform demographic modeling of P. leucopus populations in the NYC region ...
... resulted in 14,990 SNPs in the final dataset that we used for demographic modeling. Population structure and migration We investigated observed patterns of genetic diversity to define evolutionary clusters that could be used to inform demographic modeling of P. leucopus populations in the NYC region ...
FBAT USER`S MANUAL
... FBAT is an acronym for Family-Based Association Tests in genetic analyses. Family-based association designs, as opposed to case-control study designs, are particularly attractive, since they test for linkage as well as association, avoid spurious associations caused by admixture of populations, and ...
... FBAT is an acronym for Family-Based Association Tests in genetic analyses. Family-based association designs, as opposed to case-control study designs, are particularly attractive, since they test for linkage as well as association, avoid spurious associations caused by admixture of populations, and ...
- Wiley Online Library
... an antitransitive competitive hierarchy. This fitness assumption is akin to that of the game theory model “rock–scissors–paper,” (see Maynard Smith 1982), where A 1 is competitively superior to A 2 , A 2 is superior to A 3 , and A 3 is superior to A 1 , however here we explicitly examine the populat ...
... an antitransitive competitive hierarchy. This fitness assumption is akin to that of the game theory model “rock–scissors–paper,” (see Maynard Smith 1982), where A 1 is competitively superior to A 2 , A 2 is superior to A 3 , and A 3 is superior to A 1 , however here we explicitly examine the populat ...
Detecting Marker-Disease Association by Testing for Hardy
... ations with the disease, meaning that they have higher frequencies among affected than among unaffected individuals. If Pri is the population frequency of haplotypes carrying disease-susceptibility allele A r and marker allele M i, then the population linkage disequilibrium Dri between these alleles ...
... ations with the disease, meaning that they have higher frequencies among affected than among unaffected individuals. If Pri is the population frequency of haplotypes carrying disease-susceptibility allele A r and marker allele M i, then the population linkage disequilibrium Dri between these alleles ...
Establishment of new mutations under divergence and genome
... which he readily discussed, were not meant to be biologically realistic, but rather to highlight general points about selection – recombination antagonism. For example, if assortative mating is based on habitat preference rather than differentially choosing mates in a common mating pool [34,35], or ...
... which he readily discussed, were not meant to be biologically realistic, but rather to highlight general points about selection – recombination antagonism. For example, if assortative mating is based on habitat preference rather than differentially choosing mates in a common mating pool [34,35], or ...
lecture 02 - selection on the gene, genome, trait and phenotype
... Alleles or allele combinations, and the traits they produce, determine fitness of an individual: # of offspring that survive to reproduce - if you live forever but produce no offspring, your fitness = 0 Allele combinations resulting in higher fitness are passed to more offspring, and thus those alle ...
... Alleles or allele combinations, and the traits they produce, determine fitness of an individual: # of offspring that survive to reproduce - if you live forever but produce no offspring, your fitness = 0 Allele combinations resulting in higher fitness are passed to more offspring, and thus those alle ...
Genetic architecture and balancing selection: the life
... Negative frequency-dependent selection is also often observed in traits involved in competition for resources, such as the polymorphism in mandible orientation in crossbill finches feeding on pine cones: because pine cones are generally repeatedly visited by several individuals, birds with the rarer ...
... Negative frequency-dependent selection is also often observed in traits involved in competition for resources, such as the polymorphism in mandible orientation in crossbill finches feeding on pine cones: because pine cones are generally repeatedly visited by several individuals, birds with the rarer ...
supplementary materials
... meiotic irregularities can still impede the establishment of an inversion polymorphism. Selection ...
... meiotic irregularities can still impede the establishment of an inversion polymorphism. Selection ...
1 shared allele
... • SNPs, mini- or “micro-satellites are often used as markers • Usually allows localization to only a general region of a particular chromosome (e.g. within several million bp) • Additional mapping is required to identify the disease gene • Relatively insensitive to allelic heterogeneity ...
... • SNPs, mini- or “micro-satellites are often used as markers • Usually allows localization to only a general region of a particular chromosome (e.g. within several million bp) • Additional mapping is required to identify the disease gene • Relatively insensitive to allelic heterogeneity ...
Discovery and characterization of chromatin states for Please share
... The first group of states, states 1–11, all had high enrichment for promoter regions: 40%– 89% of each state was within 2kb of a RefSeq transcription start site (TSS), compared with 2.7% genome-wide (P<10−200, for all states). These states accounted for 59% of all RefSeq TSS while covering only 1.3% ...
... The first group of states, states 1–11, all had high enrichment for promoter regions: 40%– 89% of each state was within 2kb of a RefSeq transcription start site (TSS), compared with 2.7% genome-wide (P<10−200, for all states). These states accounted for 59% of all RefSeq TSS while covering only 1.3% ...
handout
... and which outcome occurs can have a tremendous impact on whether a new allele, even a fit allele, will survive and spread into a population or not. Will a New Mutant Fix? Under what conditions will a newly introduced allele A, that is favorable (i.e. selected, so waa ≤ 1 and/or wAA ≥ 1) and present ...
... and which outcome occurs can have a tremendous impact on whether a new allele, even a fit allele, will survive and spread into a population or not. Will a New Mutant Fix? Under what conditions will a newly introduced allele A, that is favorable (i.e. selected, so waa ≤ 1 and/or wAA ≥ 1) and present ...
Non-random Allelic Variation
... “a coach selects a team of oarsmen for a crew race by repeatedly shifting oarsmen among several boats and racing them, after several trials the winning boat will have all the same oarsmen. A crew member finally chosen will have been grouped with both good and inferior ones at different times, but on ...
... “a coach selects a team of oarsmen for a crew race by repeatedly shifting oarsmen among several boats and racing them, after several trials the winning boat will have all the same oarsmen. A crew member finally chosen will have been grouped with both good and inferior ones at different times, but on ...
1 Sequential elimination of major-effect contributors
... confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. Therefore, to avoid confounding effects of major loci, epistasis and sample size, we used a targeted backcross mapping strategy that genetically eliminated the effect of a previously identified major QTL underlying high-temperature growth (Htg) in yea ...
... confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. Therefore, to avoid confounding effects of major loci, epistasis and sample size, we used a targeted backcross mapping strategy that genetically eliminated the effect of a previously identified major QTL underlying high-temperature growth (Htg) in yea ...
Creative Activities in Music – A Genome
... traits. We used age as the liability factor, divided into two groups: 32 years and >32 years (S3 Fig). As only one factor could be considered, age was chosen over gender, as we wanted to correct for the most obvious environmental sources of heterogeneity. Musical aptitude scores were also different ...
... traits. We used age as the liability factor, divided into two groups: 32 years and >32 years (S3 Fig). As only one factor could be considered, age was chosen over gender, as we wanted to correct for the most obvious environmental sources of heterogeneity. Musical aptitude scores were also different ...
The gene responsible for Clouston hidrotic
... inductive ectoderm–mesoderm reciprocal interactions (31) and because hearing loss has been reported in a few cases of HED (9), it is possible that these three diseases are caused by different mutations in the same gene or in related genes found in a cluster. The candidate region for the HED gene con ...
... inductive ectoderm–mesoderm reciprocal interactions (31) and because hearing loss has been reported in a few cases of HED (9), it is possible that these three diseases are caused by different mutations in the same gene or in related genes found in a cluster. The candidate region for the HED gene con ...
Integration of QTL Information with Traditional Animal Breeding
... their genetic distance on the chromosome; for tightly linked loci, any LD that has been created will persist over many generations but for loosely linked loci (r > 0.1), LD will decline rapidly over generations. Figure 6 shows the same concept but from a different angle. Factors that create linkage ...
... their genetic distance on the chromosome; for tightly linked loci, any LD that has been created will persist over many generations but for loosely linked loci (r > 0.1), LD will decline rapidly over generations. Figure 6 shows the same concept but from a different angle. Factors that create linkage ...
Egg production
... of the population for egg production. 136 markers were finally typed once areas containing potential QTL were identified. These chromosomes, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 13 had complete genotyping carried out in all available animals (474 individuals). For some traits the number of animals actually available for ...
... of the population for egg production. 136 markers were finally typed once areas containing potential QTL were identified. These chromosomes, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 13 had complete genotyping carried out in all available animals (474 individuals). For some traits the number of animals actually available for ...
GAlibLecture
... cout << "Example 1\n\n"; cout << "This program tries to fill a 2DBinaryStringGenome with\n"; cout << "alternating 1s and 0s using a SimpleGA\n\n"; cout.flush(); // See if we've been given a seed to use (for testing purposes). When you // specify a random seed, the evolution will be exactly the same ...
... cout << "Example 1\n\n"; cout << "This program tries to fill a 2DBinaryStringGenome with\n"; cout << "alternating 1s and 0s using a SimpleGA\n\n"; cout.flush(); // See if we've been given a seed to use (for testing purposes). When you // specify a random seed, the evolution will be exactly the same ...
Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality
... early music training has been uncovered [16,23], with a significantly higher prevalence of the condition in people who began their musical training at a very young age. Thus, early music training could potentially be a crucial environmental factor contributing to AP. On the other hand, this same pat ...
... early music training has been uncovered [16,23], with a significantly higher prevalence of the condition in people who began their musical training at a very young age. Thus, early music training could potentially be a crucial environmental factor contributing to AP. On the other hand, this same pat ...
Tag SNP
A tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium that represents a group of SNPs called a haplotype. It is possible to identify genetic variation and association to phenotypes without genotyping every SNP in a chromosomal region. This reduces the expense and time of mapping genome areas associated with disease, since it eliminates the need to study every individual SNP. Tag SNPs are useful in whole-genome SNP association studies in which hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the entire genome are genotyped.