REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 BY
... of tissues, including liver, kidney, lung, and adrenal (Bhagwat et al., 1999a; Guengerich, 2001; Lohr et al., 1998; Parker and Schimmer, 1997). It is also appreciated that various enzymes are found not only in different cell and tissue types, but also in different subcellular compartments, such as t ...
... of tissues, including liver, kidney, lung, and adrenal (Bhagwat et al., 1999a; Guengerich, 2001; Lohr et al., 1998; Parker and Schimmer, 1997). It is also appreciated that various enzymes are found not only in different cell and tissue types, but also in different subcellular compartments, such as t ...
Elucidation and Modulation of CEB Metabolism in Fischer 344 Rats
... Although phase I and II enzymes are localized mainly in the liver, the literature indicates that every tissue analyzed thus far has demonstrated activity towards some xenobiotic. The liver receives blood from the splanchnic area which contains not only nutrients but various foreign substances, or xe ...
... Although phase I and II enzymes are localized mainly in the liver, the literature indicates that every tissue analyzed thus far has demonstrated activity towards some xenobiotic. The liver receives blood from the splanchnic area which contains not only nutrients but various foreign substances, or xe ...
The Effect of Thalidomide on Oxidation of Midazolam, S
... thalidomide despite the devastating teratogenic effects of the (S)-isomer. Studies have been conducted in order to increase the understanding of the effects thalidomide has on drug metabolizing enzymes, particularly on cytochrome P450 enzymes found in the human liver microsomes, in order to increase ...
... thalidomide despite the devastating teratogenic effects of the (S)-isomer. Studies have been conducted in order to increase the understanding of the effects thalidomide has on drug metabolizing enzymes, particularly on cytochrome P450 enzymes found in the human liver microsomes, in order to increase ...
Differential requirement for A2a and A3 adenosine
... as a product of adenosine deamination11 and is released into the extracellular space at times of cellular stress (eg, systemic inflammation12 and hypoxia13) when metabolism of adenosine is high. Indeed, while normal interstitial concentrations of inosine have been reported to be in the micromolar ra ...
... as a product of adenosine deamination11 and is released into the extracellular space at times of cellular stress (eg, systemic inflammation12 and hypoxia13) when metabolism of adenosine is high. Indeed, while normal interstitial concentrations of inosine have been reported to be in the micromolar ra ...
Renal Drug Metabolism - Pharmacological Reviews
... phros gives rise to the glomerulus, proximal, and distal tubules. Whereas most studies have been performed either in whole kidney or in cortical tissue, biotransformations have also been identified in the medullary region (Toback et al., 1977a; Lohr and Acara, 1990). Information accumulated over the ...
... phros gives rise to the glomerulus, proximal, and distal tubules. Whereas most studies have been performed either in whole kidney or in cortical tissue, biotransformations have also been identified in the medullary region (Toback et al., 1977a; Lohr and Acara, 1990). Information accumulated over the ...
Toll-like receptor 4 ligand can differentially modulate the
... Blood platelets link the processes of haemostasis and inflammation. This study examined the immunomodulatory factors released by platelets after Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) engagement on their surfaces. Monoclonal anti-human FccRII Ab (IV.3)-treated human platelets were cultured with TLR4 ligands in ...
... Blood platelets link the processes of haemostasis and inflammation. This study examined the immunomodulatory factors released by platelets after Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) engagement on their surfaces. Monoclonal anti-human FccRII Ab (IV.3)-treated human platelets were cultured with TLR4 ligands in ...
DHEA - Health Secrets
... leads to cancer) in a medium containing DHEA. With the DHEA boost, none of the cells transformed into cancer. Studies show that low DHEA levels in premenopausal women are linked to breast cancer. In contrast, some postmenopausal women have high DHEA levels which are also linked to cancer. Researcher ...
... leads to cancer) in a medium containing DHEA. With the DHEA boost, none of the cells transformed into cancer. Studies show that low DHEA levels in premenopausal women are linked to breast cancer. In contrast, some postmenopausal women have high DHEA levels which are also linked to cancer. Researcher ...
FUNCTIONAL AMINO ACIDS AND INTESTINAL IMMUNE
... Although glutamine/glutamate concentrations are high in milk it appears that these maybe insufficient for maximal growth of the piglets. Haynes and colleagues [37] fed glutamine or alanyl-glutamine by gavage two times a day for 7 days (from age 7 day) to piglets that were still nursing on the sow. T ...
... Although glutamine/glutamate concentrations are high in milk it appears that these maybe insufficient for maximal growth of the piglets. Haynes and colleagues [37] fed glutamine or alanyl-glutamine by gavage two times a day for 7 days (from age 7 day) to piglets that were still nursing on the sow. T ...
Lipids - csfcbiology
... Oils are liquid at 20°C These differences in the physical properties of fats and oils are a result of the type of fatty acid attached to the glycerol molecule. The fatty acids making up triacylglycerols are long unbranched hydrocarbon chains (CH3(CH2)n –), ending with a carboxylic acid (–COOH). ...
... Oils are liquid at 20°C These differences in the physical properties of fats and oils are a result of the type of fatty acid attached to the glycerol molecule. The fatty acids making up triacylglycerols are long unbranched hydrocarbon chains (CH3(CH2)n –), ending with a carboxylic acid (–COOH). ...
The Liver and Pancreas Remarkable Organs of Intelligent Design
... them to perform their roles in substrate metabolism and homeostasis. 3. They are divided up into anatomical and physiological units; each of which must be maintained for the organ as a whole to function properly. ...
... them to perform their roles in substrate metabolism and homeostasis. 3. They are divided up into anatomical and physiological units; each of which must be maintained for the organ as a whole to function properly. ...
Immune Response During Transition – Lessard, et. al.
... reduced, and different types of antibody response to antigenic stimulations were developed compared with mice fed an n-6 enriched diet (Albers et al., 2002). Mechanisms involved in the regulation of immune response are not yet completely understood, but there is evidence that PUFA influence cellular ...
... reduced, and different types of antibody response to antigenic stimulations were developed compared with mice fed an n-6 enriched diet (Albers et al., 2002). Mechanisms involved in the regulation of immune response are not yet completely understood, but there is evidence that PUFA influence cellular ...
Print - Circulation Research
... the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in the subfornical organ reduces hypertension and T cell activation, while activation of sympathetic outflow by deletion of the extracellular superoxide dismutase in the subfornical organ enhances T cell activation.2, 8, 9 The mechanisms underlying this link between ...
... the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in the subfornical organ reduces hypertension and T cell activation, while activation of sympathetic outflow by deletion of the extracellular superoxide dismutase in the subfornical organ enhances T cell activation.2, 8, 9 The mechanisms underlying this link between ...
Chemistry of Life
... - cholesterol is a major constituent of cellular membranes and helps membrane maintain its rigidity. - cholesterol is needed for the synthesis of other important steroid hormones like progesterone and testosterone, and also for the synthesis of bile salts. - cholesterol is a major component of ather ...
... - cholesterol is a major constituent of cellular membranes and helps membrane maintain its rigidity. - cholesterol is needed for the synthesis of other important steroid hormones like progesterone and testosterone, and also for the synthesis of bile salts. - cholesterol is a major component of ather ...
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF DRUGS
... CYP is an extremely versatile enzyme as it can catalyze numerous types of reaction, out of which three types are presented below. Oxygenation involves insertion of an O atom (from O2) into a C-H bond, forming a hydroxylated metabolite, or into a C=C double bond, forming an epoxide. A hydroxylated me ...
... CYP is an extremely versatile enzyme as it can catalyze numerous types of reaction, out of which three types are presented below. Oxygenation involves insertion of an O atom (from O2) into a C-H bond, forming a hydroxylated metabolite, or into a C=C double bond, forming an epoxide. A hydroxylated me ...
A New Understanding of the Causes of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows
... Cows go into a negative energy balance (NEB) immediately after calving if the energy requirements for milk production are not met. The energy deficiency causes cows to mobilize large quantities of fatty acids from fat deposits resulting in an increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NE ...
... Cows go into a negative energy balance (NEB) immediately after calving if the energy requirements for milk production are not met. The energy deficiency causes cows to mobilize large quantities of fatty acids from fat deposits resulting in an increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NE ...
LIPIDS
... There are two significant advantages to using triacylglycerols as stored fuels, rather than polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch. First, because the carbon atoms of fatty acids are more reduced than those of sugars, oxidation of triacylglycerols yields more than twice as much energy, gram for ...
... There are two significant advantages to using triacylglycerols as stored fuels, rather than polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch. First, because the carbon atoms of fatty acids are more reduced than those of sugars, oxidation of triacylglycerols yields more than twice as much energy, gram for ...
The source of fatty acids incorporated into proliferating lymphoid
... composition, as well as the abundance, of fatty acids available to growing or proliferating lymphoid cells are important, since those incorporated into membranes can modulate cell mobility, cell signalling and tolerance for oxidative stress (Calder, 2001). Immune activation increases energy utilisat ...
... composition, as well as the abundance, of fatty acids available to growing or proliferating lymphoid cells are important, since those incorporated into membranes can modulate cell mobility, cell signalling and tolerance for oxidative stress (Calder, 2001). Immune activation increases energy utilisat ...
Article PDF
... Lipid oxidation is a major cause of deteriorative changes in foods, especially in relation to sensory properties and concerning the formation of potentially harmful compounds. The oxidation process in food lipids involves a complex series of reactions and gives rise to a high number of different com ...
... Lipid oxidation is a major cause of deteriorative changes in foods, especially in relation to sensory properties and concerning the formation of potentially harmful compounds. The oxidation process in food lipids involves a complex series of reactions and gives rise to a high number of different com ...
Fatty acids, inflammation and intestinal health in pigs | Journal of
... deal with invading pathogens in cases of high risk or confirmed pathogen exposure, nutritional strategies that avoid excessive activation of GI immune system are important means to improve the efficiency of pig production. Fatty acids are a major energy source, important components of the cell membr ...
... deal with invading pathogens in cases of high risk or confirmed pathogen exposure, nutritional strategies that avoid excessive activation of GI immune system are important means to improve the efficiency of pig production. Fatty acids are a major energy source, important components of the cell membr ...
Immune System Responses to Diseases/Disorders in the Dairy
... IL-6, IL-12). Cytokines set up a state of inflammation in the tissue to deal with the local pathogens. Inflammation involves dilation of small blood vessels which slows down blood flow and allows neutrophils and fluid to come into the tissue causing the characteristic redness, swelling, heat, and pa ...
... IL-6, IL-12). Cytokines set up a state of inflammation in the tissue to deal with the local pathogens. Inflammation involves dilation of small blood vessels which slows down blood flow and allows neutrophils and fluid to come into the tissue causing the characteristic redness, swelling, heat, and pa ...
Structures Common to Different Glycans ...tials of Glycobiology
... the ABO type of transfused red cells is compatible with the recipient’s ABO type. Thus, an A recipient may receive red cells from another A person or from an O person, but not from a person of type B or AB. Blood banks perform typing and crossmatching assays. First, units of red cell products typed ...
... the ABO type of transfused red cells is compatible with the recipient’s ABO type. Thus, an A recipient may receive red cells from another A person or from an O person, but not from a person of type B or AB. Blood banks perform typing and crossmatching assays. First, units of red cell products typed ...
View PDF - Cardiovascular Research
... The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines and their ubiquitous receptors play a major role in host defense against pathogens. Six known IL-17 family members (IL17A-F), including the prototypical IL-17A (also known as IL-17), exert potent proinflammatory effects and are produced by a myriad of i ...
... The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines and their ubiquitous receptors play a major role in host defense against pathogens. Six known IL-17 family members (IL17A-F), including the prototypical IL-17A (also known as IL-17), exert potent proinflammatory effects and are produced by a myriad of i ...
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed by the action of Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase on 20-carbon essential fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, from which it is produced by the enzyme epoxygenase. These nonclassic eicosanoids act as short-range hormones, (i.e. they are autocrine and paracrine mediators) of the cardiovascular system and kidney. They produce vasorelaxation as well as anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrinolytic effects.EETs are metabolized by the soluble epoxide hydrolase to the corresponding vicinal diol, or dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are biologically less active.