Identification of Antigen-Specific B Cell Receptor Sequences Using
... diversity of the BCR repertoire in relation to Ag specificity remains challenging. This is an important area to advance understanding in autoimmunity, immunity against infectious diseases, and immunization. Studies of the BCR repertoire generated in response to specific Ags, such as bacterial polysa ...
... diversity of the BCR repertoire in relation to Ag specificity remains challenging. This is an important area to advance understanding in autoimmunity, immunity against infectious diseases, and immunization. Studies of the BCR repertoire generated in response to specific Ags, such as bacterial polysa ...
Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective
... disease, as well as on the effects of endocannabinoids/cannabinoids on these targets have been limited by a lack of selective pharmacological tools [40,43]. Surprisingly, by using multiple novel tools, a recent study from GlaxoSmithKline challenged the possibility of GPR55 being the ‘‘third’’ endoca ...
... disease, as well as on the effects of endocannabinoids/cannabinoids on these targets have been limited by a lack of selective pharmacological tools [40,43]. Surprisingly, by using multiple novel tools, a recent study from GlaxoSmithKline challenged the possibility of GPR55 being the ‘‘third’’ endoca ...
The Role of Interleukin-6 in the Febrile Response Namik Hamzic
... pathway across the blood-brain barrier by demonstrating that proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 transfers the inflammatory message to the brain through binding to its receptors situated in the brain vessels. This will subsequently trigger the production of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that enters ...
... pathway across the blood-brain barrier by demonstrating that proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 transfers the inflammatory message to the brain through binding to its receptors situated in the brain vessels. This will subsequently trigger the production of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that enters ...
Gene Section GAST (gastrin) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The two principal biologically active forms of circulating gastrin are gastrin-17 (G17) and gastrin-34 (G34). In rodent and human G cells of antrum and proximal duodenum, approximately 95% of the progastrin is processed to partially sulfated G17 (85%) and G34 (10%). Although G17 is the predominant p ...
... The two principal biologically active forms of circulating gastrin are gastrin-17 (G17) and gastrin-34 (G34). In rodent and human G cells of antrum and proximal duodenum, approximately 95% of the progastrin is processed to partially sulfated G17 (85%) and G34 (10%). Although G17 is the predominant p ...
Toll-like receptor 4 ligand can differentially modulate the
... against viral rechallenge. Heddle (1999) demonstrated that many chemokines which accumulate in platelet concentrates ...
... against viral rechallenge. Heddle (1999) demonstrated that many chemokines which accumulate in platelet concentrates ...
(CD32) Phenotype and Level of Expression
... temperature. These quantities were more than 10-fold the amounts required to achieve saturation binding. After two washes in RCD buffer, the platelets were incubated with a 1:40 dilution of affinity-purified F(ab')z fragments of fluorescein isothiocyanate (F1TC)-conjugated goat antimouse IgG (Jackso ...
... temperature. These quantities were more than 10-fold the amounts required to achieve saturation binding. After two washes in RCD buffer, the platelets were incubated with a 1:40 dilution of affinity-purified F(ab')z fragments of fluorescein isothiocyanate (F1TC)-conjugated goat antimouse IgG (Jackso ...
Microbe-induced apoptosis in phagocytic cells and its role in innate immunity Robert Blomgran
... (E. coli), or skin (S. aures), the bacteria are recognized by different innate receptor molecules and inflammation is induced. It is not only the direct effect of released bacterial products (LPS and formylated peptides etc.), but also the generation and release of inflammatory mediators that lead t ...
... (E. coli), or skin (S. aures), the bacteria are recognized by different innate receptor molecules and inflammation is induced. It is not only the direct effect of released bacterial products (LPS and formylated peptides etc.), but also the generation and release of inflammatory mediators that lead t ...
... kinase, yB and yc, which are predicted to translate to 518 and 495 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid differences between these isoforms and therat brain y isoform (which we refer to as y ~ are ) localized to the variable domain. We used RNase protection of this variable region to reveal thelevel ...
Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis
... resident progenitor and/or stem cells. Epithelial cells that undergo DNA synthesis in the setting of these DNAdamaging agents are at an increased risk of mutation. That oxidant or nitrosative stress is important for driving prostate cancer formation is bolstered by epidemiological data, which indica ...
... resident progenitor and/or stem cells. Epithelial cells that undergo DNA synthesis in the setting of these DNAdamaging agents are at an increased risk of mutation. That oxidant or nitrosative stress is important for driving prostate cancer formation is bolstered by epidemiological data, which indica ...
Macrophage polarization in metabolic disorders - HAL
... identify monocyte and macrophage sub-populations. Many of the used markers differ, however, between mice and humans. In humans, the presence of CD16 distinguishes two monocyte subsets. CD14+/CD16monocytes (representing approximately 90% of circulating monocytes), which express high levels of the che ...
... identify monocyte and macrophage sub-populations. Many of the used markers differ, however, between mice and humans. In humans, the presence of CD16 distinguishes two monocyte subsets. CD14+/CD16monocytes (representing approximately 90% of circulating monocytes), which express high levels of the che ...
Phagocytosis: a repertoire of receptors and Ca as a key second
... The unique ability of phagocytic leucocytes to efficiently internalize a variety of targets is attributed to the expression of an array of specialized phagocytic receptors. Supporting this notion, it has been shown that the phagocytic capacity of non-professional phagocytes, such as CHO (Chinese-ham ...
... The unique ability of phagocytic leucocytes to efficiently internalize a variety of targets is attributed to the expression of an array of specialized phagocytic receptors. Supporting this notion, it has been shown that the phagocytic capacity of non-professional phagocytes, such as CHO (Chinese-ham ...
Characterization of cell-mediated immune responses elicited
... minor H loci. These groups of mice were examined to determine when alloantigen-specific DH developed. Results. The authors report that all mice, whether they accept or reject grafts, acquire donorspecific DH within 4 weeks of engraftment. This reactivity is primarily directed at minor H, rather than ...
... minor H loci. These groups of mice were examined to determine when alloantigen-specific DH developed. Results. The authors report that all mice, whether they accept or reject grafts, acquire donorspecific DH within 4 weeks of engraftment. This reactivity is primarily directed at minor H, rather than ...
Subcellular Localization of Toll-Like Receptor 3
... Masashi Shingai,‡ Yoshiyuki Seto,‡ Akitsugu Yamamoto,§ and Tsukasa Seya*†¶ ...
... Masashi Shingai,‡ Yoshiyuki Seto,‡ Akitsugu Yamamoto,§ and Tsukasa Seya*†¶ ...
Differential Expression of the Melatonin Receptor in Human
... induces the antitumoral functions of human monocytes in vitro (8), inhibits the growth of tumors in vivo (29), and has been used in association with lymphokines for cancer immunotherapy in humans (16, 18, 24 –26, 31). Besides the fact that MLT is a free radical scavenger and can act without the pres ...
... induces the antitumoral functions of human monocytes in vitro (8), inhibits the growth of tumors in vivo (29), and has been used in association with lymphokines for cancer immunotherapy in humans (16, 18, 24 –26, 31). Besides the fact that MLT is a free radical scavenger and can act without the pres ...
Chapter 8
... the physiology of animal skin and their immune system are so different from humans23 that pivotal factors responsible for differences between normotrophic, hypertrophic or keloid scar formation are impossible to identify. Human cell culture models are still limited by their extreme simplicity. A sca ...
... the physiology of animal skin and their immune system are so different from humans23 that pivotal factors responsible for differences between normotrophic, hypertrophic or keloid scar formation are impossible to identify. Human cell culture models are still limited by their extreme simplicity. A sca ...
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... Peripheral processing of pro-CRH into CRH appears to be similar at the peripheral and central levels, as shown in placenta, endometrium, uterus, and immune system (49, 297, 301, 398, 456). In addition to its regulation by similar factors as in the brain (100, 166, 267, 268, 297, 299, 301, 305, 332, ...
... Peripheral processing of pro-CRH into CRH appears to be similar at the peripheral and central levels, as shown in placenta, endometrium, uterus, and immune system (49, 297, 301, 398, 456). In addition to its regulation by similar factors as in the brain (100, 166, 267, 268, 297, 299, 301, 305, 332, ...
Role and regulation of interleukin-1 molecules in pro-asthmatic
... antagonist (IL-1ra) is another mechanism by which IL-1 activity can be inhibited. IL-1ra has been shown to bind to IL-1RI with an affinity approximating IL-1a and IL-1b, but does not induce signal transduction [18]. IL-1ra pre-treatment has also been shown to significantly reduce IL-1-mediated infla ...
... antagonist (IL-1ra) is another mechanism by which IL-1 activity can be inhibited. IL-1ra has been shown to bind to IL-1RI with an affinity approximating IL-1a and IL-1b, but does not induce signal transduction [18]. IL-1ra pre-treatment has also been shown to significantly reduce IL-1-mediated infla ...
Beyond Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Inflammation and Infection Archibald McNicol
... is characterized by a loss of vascular integrity, cytokine production, and the expression and shedding of leukocyte adhesive molecules [14], leading to the recruitment and binding of monocytes and lymphocytes. These leukocytes “roll” along the endothelium and pass through endothelial cell junctions ...
... is characterized by a loss of vascular integrity, cytokine production, and the expression and shedding of leukocyte adhesive molecules [14], leading to the recruitment and binding of monocytes and lymphocytes. These leukocytes “roll” along the endothelium and pass through endothelial cell junctions ...
SERIES "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PULMONARY INFECTIONS" Number 5 in this Series
... active components of the organism will prove to play an important role. Unfortunately the identification of such active components of the organism is still in its infancy. The crucial role of Type 1 responses. The ability to manipulate the immune system of mice with neutralizing antibodies or gene k ...
... active components of the organism will prove to play an important role. Unfortunately the identification of such active components of the organism is still in its infancy. The crucial role of Type 1 responses. The ability to manipulate the immune system of mice with neutralizing antibodies or gene k ...
Neutrophil function in the healing wound: adding insult to injury?
... strength, or macrophage infiltration in wounds of neutropenic mice (6). Apart from these parameters of dermal healing, our study extended the findings of Simpson and Ross by investigating epithelial healing in the absence of neutrophils. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that neutrophil-depleted mice ...
... strength, or macrophage infiltration in wounds of neutropenic mice (6). Apart from these parameters of dermal healing, our study extended the findings of Simpson and Ross by investigating epithelial healing in the absence of neutrophils. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that neutrophil-depleted mice ...
Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System
... components of the innate immune system responsible for recognizing and responding to danger and damage. PRRs are numerous and are expressed on a wide range of immune and nonimmune cells, including tissues of the cardiovascular system (Mann, 2011). PRRs have the ability to recognize unique evolutiona ...
... components of the innate immune system responsible for recognizing and responding to danger and damage. PRRs are numerous and are expressed on a wide range of immune and nonimmune cells, including tissues of the cardiovascular system (Mann, 2011). PRRs have the ability to recognize unique evolutiona ...
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... are increasing data indicating that these are sensitive to nutritional influences. The most effective nutritional countermeasures, especially when considered from a metabolomics perspective, include acute and chronic increases in dietary carbohydrate and polyphenols. Carbohydrate supplementation red ...
... are increasing data indicating that these are sensitive to nutritional influences. The most effective nutritional countermeasures, especially when considered from a metabolomics perspective, include acute and chronic increases in dietary carbohydrate and polyphenols. Carbohydrate supplementation red ...
Tartrate‐Resistant Acid Phosphatase Deficiency in the
... Conclusion. Our findings indicate that TRAP and OPN colocalize and that OPN is a substrate for TRAP in human immune cells. TRAP deficiency in PDCs leads to increased IFNa production, providing at least a partial explanation for how ACP5 mutations cause lupus in the context of spondyloenchondrodyspla ...
... Conclusion. Our findings indicate that TRAP and OPN colocalize and that OPN is a substrate for TRAP in human immune cells. TRAP deficiency in PDCs leads to increased IFNa production, providing at least a partial explanation for how ACP5 mutations cause lupus in the context of spondyloenchondrodyspla ...
NKG2D DAP12 with Mouse, but Not Human, A Structural Basis for
... NKG2D short (mNKG2D-S) protein lacks the first 13 N-terminal amino acids and initiates translation at a second methionine in the cytoplasmic domain of this type II protein. This shorter isoform is expressed in activated, but not resting, mouse NK cells and is capable of pairing with homodimers of ei ...
... NKG2D short (mNKG2D-S) protein lacks the first 13 N-terminal amino acids and initiates translation at a second methionine in the cytoplasmic domain of this type II protein. This shorter isoform is expressed in activated, but not resting, mouse NK cells and is capable of pairing with homodimers of ei ...
Neutrophils in tuberculosis: heterogeneity shapes the way?
... Macrophages phagocyte apoptotic neutrophils by efferocytosis, which leads to several consequences, that is, removing neutrophils and preventing tissue injury, allowing macrophages to utilize neutrophil granule proteins for antimicrobial defense, and altering cytokine production by macrophages [40, 62 ...
... Macrophages phagocyte apoptotic neutrophils by efferocytosis, which leads to several consequences, that is, removing neutrophils and preventing tissue injury, allowing macrophages to utilize neutrophil granule proteins for antimicrobial defense, and altering cytokine production by macrophages [40, 62 ...
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is a derivative of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, containing a Hydroxyl residue at carbon 12 and a 5Z,8Z,10E,14Z Cis–trans isomerism configuration (Z=cis, E=trans) in its four double bonds. It was first found as a product of arachidonic acid metabolism made by human and bovine platelets. However, the term 12-HETE is ambiquous in that it has been used to indicate not only the initially detected ""S"" stereoisomer, 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE or 12S-HETE), made by platelets, but also the later detected R stereoisomer, 12(R)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(R)-HETE or 12R-HETE) made by other tissues. The two isomers, either directly or after being further metabolized, have been suggested to be involved in a variety of human physiological and pathological reactions. Unlike hormones which are secreted by cells, travel in the circulation to alter the behavior of distant cells, and thereby act as Endocrine signalling agents, these arachidonic acid metabolites act locally as Autocrine signalling agents to regulate the behavior of their cells of origin or as Paracrine signalling agents to regulate the function of nearby cells. In these roles, they may amplify or dampen, expand or contract cellular and tissue responses to disturbances.