PLASMA PROTEINS AND IMMUNOGLOBULINES – An Overview
... • IgA: contains J chain and secretary component, part of defense against viral and bacterial infections; • IgM: usually first to be made in immune response, contains J chain, in presence of complement are very effective in producing Lysis of cells; ...
... • IgA: contains J chain and secretary component, part of defense against viral and bacterial infections; • IgM: usually first to be made in immune response, contains J chain, in presence of complement are very effective in producing Lysis of cells; ...
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Immunity [M.Tevfik DORAK]
... Non-protein antigens, polysaccharides and lipids for example, can give antibody responses without T cells (T-independent). T independent antigens are usually polymeric and it is believed that they cross link membrane Ig on B cells sufficiently well to activate them without co-operation from T cells. ...
... Non-protein antigens, polysaccharides and lipids for example, can give antibody responses without T cells (T-independent). T independent antigens are usually polymeric and it is believed that they cross link membrane Ig on B cells sufficiently well to activate them without co-operation from T cells. ...
The Immune System
... • T-lymphocytes are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response • Guard against invaders hiding out inside infected cells • Cytotoxic T cells • They are the effectors (“hit men”) of the cell-mediated immune response by lysing infected cells or “punching holes” in the membrane • They kill infec ...
... • T-lymphocytes are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response • Guard against invaders hiding out inside infected cells • Cytotoxic T cells • They are the effectors (“hit men”) of the cell-mediated immune response by lysing infected cells or “punching holes” in the membrane • They kill infec ...
Immune Responses to Extracellular Bacteria Infection by
... The innate immune system lacks the specificity of the adaptive (Specific) immune system. However, the innate immune system can distinguish between self and non-self. ...
... The innate immune system lacks the specificity of the adaptive (Specific) immune system. However, the innate immune system can distinguish between self and non-self. ...
Chapter 19, Section 2 The Body’s Defenses
... certain types of WBC will leak from the blood vessels into the nearby tissues to fight these pathogens. • WBC are all disease fighters but there are different types with specific functions. ...
... certain types of WBC will leak from the blood vessels into the nearby tissues to fight these pathogens. • WBC are all disease fighters but there are different types with specific functions. ...
Bacterial Pathogenesis I
... end. The macrophages have a receptor that can recognize Fc receptors. If too many receptors get loaded up in an particular area, the whole area will be tagged for digestion.) 3. Repeating structures on microbe surfaces (manose-binding lectin). XXI. PROTECTIVE ACTION OF ANTIBODY [S21] a. Antibodies a ...
... end. The macrophages have a receptor that can recognize Fc receptors. If too many receptors get loaded up in an particular area, the whole area will be tagged for digestion.) 3. Repeating structures on microbe surfaces (manose-binding lectin). XXI. PROTECTIVE ACTION OF ANTIBODY [S21] a. Antibodies a ...
Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases
... by macrophages or neutrophils are prevented by the parasite size. This restriction demands a different strategy of the innate immune system in an attempt to eliminate the pathogen, in which phagocytes release the contents of their granules abroad by exocytosis [16]. Nonetheless, this is an inefficie ...
... by macrophages or neutrophils are prevented by the parasite size. This restriction demands a different strategy of the innate immune system in an attempt to eliminate the pathogen, in which phagocytes release the contents of their granules abroad by exocytosis [16]. Nonetheless, this is an inefficie ...
A one-protein signaling pathway in the innate immune system
... promotes protein secretion. As such, these proteins are present in the cytosol and are released into the extracellular space either upon cell death or by unclear mechanisms from living cells. In the case of IL-1b, this protein contains an N-terminal prodomain that must be cleaved for it to be render ...
... promotes protein secretion. As such, these proteins are present in the cytosol and are released into the extracellular space either upon cell death or by unclear mechanisms from living cells. In the case of IL-1b, this protein contains an N-terminal prodomain that must be cleaved for it to be render ...
Antibody Structure and Function
... In its binding form, the molecule would look more like a hand poised on a surface with only its fingertips touching the surface. This allows for multiple interactions with repeated epitopes on a given antigen. ...
... In its binding form, the molecule would look more like a hand poised on a surface with only its fingertips touching the surface. This allows for multiple interactions with repeated epitopes on a given antigen. ...
401_06_KV_Lx2a
... • IgD - found on B cell surfaces • IgE - bound to mast cells; amplifies immune response 10May06 ...
... • IgD - found on B cell surfaces • IgE - bound to mast cells; amplifies immune response 10May06 ...
Lymphatic & Immune System
... response to certain pathogens. • An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response. • The immune system carries out immune responses to antigens • Self-tolerance is when a body does not attack its own tissues and chemicals. Lack of self tolerance results in autoimmune diseases. ...
... response to certain pathogens. • An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response. • The immune system carries out immune responses to antigens • Self-tolerance is when a body does not attack its own tissues and chemicals. Lack of self tolerance results in autoimmune diseases. ...
Defense mechanism against pathogens
... Other types of innate immune system Players : Antimicrobial proteins (proteins involved in killing microbes 미생물) Interferon Secreted by most cells Inhibits viral replication inside host cells Not specific to a particular virus Complement Kills microbes without phagocytosis Uses membrane attack compl ...
... Other types of innate immune system Players : Antimicrobial proteins (proteins involved in killing microbes 미생물) Interferon Secreted by most cells Inhibits viral replication inside host cells Not specific to a particular virus Complement Kills microbes without phagocytosis Uses membrane attack compl ...
MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide
... the area increases, which brings white blood cells, which are also called leucocytes, (loo-kuhsites) to the scene. There are several types of white blood cells, but only one is the non-specific “cell eater” variety that can roam around tissues seeking invaders. This type of white blood cell is calle ...
... the area increases, which brings white blood cells, which are also called leucocytes, (loo-kuhsites) to the scene. There are several types of white blood cells, but only one is the non-specific “cell eater” variety that can roam around tissues seeking invaders. This type of white blood cell is calle ...
2421_Ch17.ppt
... antibodies are found in the serum of the blood of immune animals or individuals. Serum: fluid portion of blood antisera is a generic term for blood-derived fluids containing antibodies serology is the study of reactions between antibodies and antigens the protein fractions are called globulins (fig. ...
... antibodies are found in the serum of the blood of immune animals or individuals. Serum: fluid portion of blood antisera is a generic term for blood-derived fluids containing antibodies serology is the study of reactions between antibodies and antigens the protein fractions are called globulins (fig. ...
Infections: Evading Immune Systems
... • Contact or enter host cells and directly cause cell death. • Release toxins that kill cells at a distance • Release enzymes that degrade tissue components • Damage blood vessels and cause cell injury or death due to lack of blood supply. • Induce host cellular responses that, although directed aga ...
... • Contact or enter host cells and directly cause cell death. • Release toxins that kill cells at a distance • Release enzymes that degrade tissue components • Damage blood vessels and cause cell injury or death due to lack of blood supply. • Induce host cellular responses that, although directed aga ...
The Immune System: Red Cell Agglutination in Non
... Broadly speaking, host defenses may be divided into innate defenses and specific or adaptive immune mechanisms. All organisms possess some form of innate protection whether it be the integrity of the cell wall in bacteria or the skin in higher organisms. Innate defenses are nonspecific because they ...
... Broadly speaking, host defenses may be divided into innate defenses and specific or adaptive immune mechanisms. All organisms possess some form of innate protection whether it be the integrity of the cell wall in bacteria or the skin in higher organisms. Innate defenses are nonspecific because they ...
defence mechanism of gingiva
... Alfano 1974 has put forward the hypothesis that pre-inflammatory flow of gingival crevicular fluid may be osmotically mediated. In a strictly healthy gingiva, a small amount of subgingival plaque will give rise to limited quantities of macromolecular by-products which will be removed by adsorbing to ...
... Alfano 1974 has put forward the hypothesis that pre-inflammatory flow of gingival crevicular fluid may be osmotically mediated. In a strictly healthy gingiva, a small amount of subgingival plaque will give rise to limited quantities of macromolecular by-products which will be removed by adsorbing to ...
22. Immune System and the Body`s Defense
... must be presented. There are certain cells of the immune system that have the specific function of presenting antigen to helper and cytotoxic T-cells. These calls are called antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and they include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes. However, you will soon lear ...
... must be presented. There are certain cells of the immune system that have the specific function of presenting antigen to helper and cytotoxic T-cells. These calls are called antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and they include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes. However, you will soon lear ...
Specific Cellular Defences - Smithycroft Secondary School
... should be able to read the surface antigens of a cell and tell if it is self or non-self. However, sometimes it can fail to recognise our own cells and attack them – autoimmunity e.g. • Rheumatoid arthritis - the immune system attacks and erodes the cartilage at a joint-the cartilage is replaced by ...
... should be able to read the surface antigens of a cell and tell if it is self or non-self. However, sometimes it can fail to recognise our own cells and attack them – autoimmunity e.g. • Rheumatoid arthritis - the immune system attacks and erodes the cartilage at a joint-the cartilage is replaced by ...
Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immunology
... A brief history of immunology • Immunity: comes from the Latin “immunis” meaning “exempt” • Concept dates to 430 B.C. when Thucydides, the historian of the Peloponnesian War, wrote that those who had recovered from Plague could care for those with disease • Variolation - used in ancient Asia; broug ...
... A brief history of immunology • Immunity: comes from the Latin “immunis” meaning “exempt” • Concept dates to 430 B.C. when Thucydides, the historian of the Peloponnesian War, wrote that those who had recovered from Plague could care for those with disease • Variolation - used in ancient Asia; broug ...
print version
... protection. The second line of defence, the adaptive immune system, provides lifelong immunity; it “remembers” germs or cancers so that it can protect your body against similar attacks in the future. If the immune system is the cancer warrior, then T-cells are the key weapons in its arsenal. They at ...
... protection. The second line of defence, the adaptive immune system, provides lifelong immunity; it “remembers” germs or cancers so that it can protect your body against similar attacks in the future. If the immune system is the cancer warrior, then T-cells are the key weapons in its arsenal. They at ...
Complement system
The complement system is a part of the immune system that helps or complements the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the innate immune system, which is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime. However, it can be recruited and brought into action by the adaptive immune system.The complement system consists of a number of small proteins found in the blood, in general synthesized by the liver, and normally circulating as inactive precursors (pro-proteins). When stimulated by one of several triggers, proteases in the system cleave specific proteins to release cytokines and initiate an amplifying cascade of further cleavages. The end-result of this activation cascade is massive amplification of the response and activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex. Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, serosal proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They account for about 5% of the globulin fraction of blood serum and can serve as opsonins.Three biochemical pathways activate the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway, and the lectin pathway.