![What are cytokines and chemokines?](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008650083_1-203c85ca7449a9b210a0ea0954d229b8-300x300.png)
What are cytokines and chemokines?
... • Small (10-30 kDa) secreted peptides (usually glycosylated). • They bind to specific receptors on target cells to elicit a specific biological response. • Expression of cytokines and their receptors is usually tightly regulated. • Other more anachronistic terms include monokines and lymphokines. ...
... • Small (10-30 kDa) secreted peptides (usually glycosylated). • They bind to specific receptors on target cells to elicit a specific biological response. • Expression of cytokines and their receptors is usually tightly regulated. • Other more anachronistic terms include monokines and lymphokines. ...
Inflammation and metabolism syndrom
... that the tissue macrophages are almost all recruited directly from the bloodstream monocytes. Plasma cells produce antibodies against the persistent antigen or the altered tissue components. Lymphocytes are likely to be present even where there is no involvement of the immune system. Plasma cells ...
... that the tissue macrophages are almost all recruited directly from the bloodstream monocytes. Plasma cells produce antibodies against the persistent antigen or the altered tissue components. Lymphocytes are likely to be present even where there is no involvement of the immune system. Plasma cells ...
Immune responses in viral infections
... 1. Cell-mediated immune response (CMI): is the major specific immune response against intracellular bacteria. Helper and cytotoxic T cells cooperate in cell-mediated immunity against intracellular microbes. There are two types of cell-mediated reactions: killing of phagocytosed intracellular bacteri ...
... 1. Cell-mediated immune response (CMI): is the major specific immune response against intracellular bacteria. Helper and cytotoxic T cells cooperate in cell-mediated immunity against intracellular microbes. There are two types of cell-mediated reactions: killing of phagocytosed intracellular bacteri ...
Chapter 15 Supplement
... _______________ is a process by which phagocytosis is facilitated by the deposition of antibodies or complement fragments onto the surface of particles or cells. ...
... _______________ is a process by which phagocytosis is facilitated by the deposition of antibodies or complement fragments onto the surface of particles or cells. ...
Innate Immune System
... is a potent initiator of inflammation. C5b goes on to complex with other complement proteins to form the membrane attack complex MAC (C5b6789n) which inserts into the cell membrane and lyses infected cells. 7. What are phagocytes and what are their functions? What groups of bacteria can avoid their ...
... is a potent initiator of inflammation. C5b goes on to complex with other complement proteins to form the membrane attack complex MAC (C5b6789n) which inserts into the cell membrane and lyses infected cells. 7. What are phagocytes and what are their functions? What groups of bacteria can avoid their ...
The alveolar macrophage
... lavage and changes in receptor expression monitored during culture in the presence or absence of stimuli (for example, Fc component of immunoglobulin, C3b component of complement). Other macrophage functions which can be studied with a lavage population are phagocytosis of bacteria or particulate ma ...
... lavage and changes in receptor expression monitored during culture in the presence or absence of stimuli (for example, Fc component of immunoglobulin, C3b component of complement). Other macrophage functions which can be studied with a lavage population are phagocytosis of bacteria or particulate ma ...
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... Anti-CCP – antibodies against cyclic-citrullinated peptides (CCPs) present often in RA: o Arginine (post-translational modification by peptidyl arginine deaminase) citrulline makes many CCPs o PADI – peptidyl arginine deiminase o Smoking – also leads to high levels of citrulline in lung, ris ...
... Anti-CCP – antibodies against cyclic-citrullinated peptides (CCPs) present often in RA: o Arginine (post-translational modification by peptidyl arginine deaminase) citrulline makes many CCPs o PADI – peptidyl arginine deiminase o Smoking – also leads to high levels of citrulline in lung, ris ...
LYMPHATICSYSTEMANDIMMUNITY
... • AFFERENT LYMPH VESSELS ENTER AT VARIOUS AREAS ALONG CAPSULE • EFFERENT VESSLES EXIT AT HILUM ...
... • AFFERENT LYMPH VESSELS ENTER AT VARIOUS AREAS ALONG CAPSULE • EFFERENT VESSLES EXIT AT HILUM ...
CHAPTER 16: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY OBJECTIVES
... List the steps involved in the inflammatory process. Inflammation is a tissue response to damage, injury, or infection. Blood Vessels dilate increasing capillary permeability so blood floods area. Chemicals released by damaged tissues attract various white blood cells to the site of injury. Tissue f ...
... List the steps involved in the inflammatory process. Inflammation is a tissue response to damage, injury, or infection. Blood Vessels dilate increasing capillary permeability so blood floods area. Chemicals released by damaged tissues attract various white blood cells to the site of injury. Tissue f ...
Collin-Jamal Smith The Role of Ferroportin in Macrophage
... The Role of Ferroportin in Macrophage-Mediated Immunity From before birth until death, macrophages exhibit an integral role in tissue homeostasis. Their phagocytic abilities are used for clearing cell debris, as observed in embryogenic apoptosis (Böse et al., 2004), and for destroying pathogens, as ...
... The Role of Ferroportin in Macrophage-Mediated Immunity From before birth until death, macrophages exhibit an integral role in tissue homeostasis. Their phagocytic abilities are used for clearing cell debris, as observed in embryogenic apoptosis (Böse et al., 2004), and for destroying pathogens, as ...
The lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine, called , are
... The accumulation of white blood cells, bacterial cells, and damaged tissue cells creates a. exudate. c. a scab. b. pus. The most active phagocytes in the blood are and Phagocytes that remain fixed in position within various organs are called a. neutrophils. c. macrophages. b. monocytes. Macrophages ...
... The accumulation of white blood cells, bacterial cells, and damaged tissue cells creates a. exudate. c. a scab. b. pus. The most active phagocytes in the blood are and Phagocytes that remain fixed in position within various organs are called a. neutrophils. c. macrophages. b. monocytes. Macrophages ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... of lungs, when a host has first contact with tubercle bacilli. The primary infection type occurred usually in childhood, and involved any part of the lung but most often the mid-lung fields or the base such as lower lobes. The primary site of infection in lung which located in either upper part of l ...
... of lungs, when a host has first contact with tubercle bacilli. The primary infection type occurred usually in childhood, and involved any part of the lung but most often the mid-lung fields or the base such as lower lobes. The primary site of infection in lung which located in either upper part of l ...
Chapter 12 Outline - Navarro College Shortcuts
... balance within nearly all body systems cannot be overstated. Although at first unfamiliar to students, this system quickly piques their interest as a lifesaving system that deserves their attention. The two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system are presented first, beginning with the lympha ...
... balance within nearly all body systems cannot be overstated. Although at first unfamiliar to students, this system quickly piques their interest as a lifesaving system that deserves their attention. The two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system are presented first, beginning with the lympha ...
Dealing with Garbage is the Immune System`s Main Job
... is created. DAMPS and PAMPs trigger responses that enhance blood flow and leakage of complement and other molecules into the infected site and with activation of complement, the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. The C3b component of complement also acts as an opsonin and later, the C3d compo ...
... is created. DAMPS and PAMPs trigger responses that enhance blood flow and leakage of complement and other molecules into the infected site and with activation of complement, the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. The C3b component of complement also acts as an opsonin and later, the C3d compo ...
Immunity - HCC Learning Web
... Triggered whenever body tissues injured Prevents spread of damaging agents Disposes of cell debris and pathogens Alerts adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair Cardinal signs of acute inflammation: ...
... Triggered whenever body tissues injured Prevents spread of damaging agents Disposes of cell debris and pathogens Alerts adaptive immune system Sets the stage for repair Cardinal signs of acute inflammation: ...
Host Defense Against Infection
... Response to intracellular pathogens T-cell activation of ф by IFN- Response to virus-infected cells ...
... Response to intracellular pathogens T-cell activation of ф by IFN- Response to virus-infected cells ...
T-cell
... peritoneal macrophages, fixed Kupffer cells in the liver and those lining the sinusoids of the spleen. When found in other tissues, they are called histiocytes. A major function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to phagocytize invading organisms and other antigens. Macrophages have prominent ly ...
... peritoneal macrophages, fixed Kupffer cells in the liver and those lining the sinusoids of the spleen. When found in other tissues, they are called histiocytes. A major function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to phagocytize invading organisms and other antigens. Macrophages have prominent ly ...
Lymphatic System - bushelman-hap
... - T cell development: cells migrate from bone marrow and differentiate into T cells - The stroma of the thymus consists of star-shaped epithelial cells (not reticular fibers) - These star-shaped thymocytes secrete hormones that stimulate lymphocytes to become immunocompetent ...
... - T cell development: cells migrate from bone marrow and differentiate into T cells - The stroma of the thymus consists of star-shaped epithelial cells (not reticular fibers) - These star-shaped thymocytes secrete hormones that stimulate lymphocytes to become immunocompetent ...
Nature of The Immune System
... within lymph nodes the bacteria meet other phagocytic cells bacteria may overcome these and gain access to the ...
... within lymph nodes the bacteria meet other phagocytic cells bacteria may overcome these and gain access to the ...
Mechanism of delayed hypersensitivity
... • ACAID is initiated by an antigen-specific signal generated within the anterior chamber via intraocular dendritic cells and macrophages. • Under the influence of immunoregulatory factors (____________________________________) in aqueous humor, these cells: – capture antigen – process it uniquely – ...
... • ACAID is initiated by an antigen-specific signal generated within the anterior chamber via intraocular dendritic cells and macrophages. • Under the influence of immunoregulatory factors (____________________________________) in aqueous humor, these cells: – capture antigen – process it uniquely – ...
Topics to Review - rosedale11collegebiology
... The human body has many defences against infection. The first line of defence is an external physical barrier such as the skin. True ...
... The human body has many defences against infection. The first line of defence is an external physical barrier such as the skin. True ...
2 - JPC
... humans as well as a wide variety of animals.7 Infection is usually subclinical without signs or lesions, and can result in a latent state.3; however, clinically evident disseminated infection can occur with immunosuppression and/or heavy infectious dose, and usually results in death.3 In this case, ...
... humans as well as a wide variety of animals.7 Infection is usually subclinical without signs or lesions, and can result in a latent state.3; however, clinically evident disseminated infection can occur with immunosuppression and/or heavy infectious dose, and usually results in death.3 In this case, ...
Acting Out the Immune Response - The American Association of
... In the human body, there are multiple lines of defense in order to fight infection. The first line of defense is the skin. The skin acts a physical barrier to any foreign invading pathogens, or disease causing agents. Such agents could include a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, p ...
... In the human body, there are multiple lines of defense in order to fight infection. The first line of defense is the skin. The skin acts a physical barrier to any foreign invading pathogens, or disease causing agents. Such agents could include a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, p ...
integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems
... becomes swollen and painful due to white blood cell accumulation. ...
... becomes swollen and painful due to white blood cell accumulation. ...
Macrophage
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macrophage.jpg?width=300)
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.