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CZECH EQUIVALENTS OF ENGLISH ING
CZECH EQUIVALENTS OF ENGLISH ING

... The same kind of English sentence structure is viewed by Curme (1953) in the following way: the gerund can be used "a- As an attributive genitive: the love of indulging self, the fear of losing his friendship. Though the attributive genitive gerund is very common, it cannot be used at all when the i ...
4) The teacher didn`t leave the shaking building until all his students
4) The teacher didn`t leave the shaking building until all his students

... 6) I stopped listening about the disaster on the radio, but I was too shocked to move out of the chair. 3. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. (1) not (2) affect (3) signs (4) passing (5) depend (6) providing (7) lack (8) Whether (9) only (10) on 4. Learn to recognize and use various forms of ...
Remarks on Nominalizationl
Remarks on Nominalizationl

... given (to) Bill, Bill was given advice]. It is difficult to see how a transformational approach to derived nominals can account for the fact that the structures in which they appear as well as their internal structure and, often, morphological properties, are those of ordinary noun phrases. None of ...
Lesson 5 Verbs--Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
Lesson 5 Verbs--Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles

... may function as a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Although an infinitive is easy to locate because of the to + verb form, deciding what function it has in a sentence can sometimes be confusing. 5.1.3 Participles 分詞 A participle is a verbal that most of ...
Parent Help Booklet-L7
Parent Help Booklet-L7

... 1. There are three article adjectives: a, an, the. Article adjectives are also called noun markers because they tell that a noun is close by. Article adjectives are memorized. 2. To identify an article adjective, say “article adjective” each time you see “a, an, or the” in a sentence. Label the arti ...
Sentence Structure
Sentence Structure

... These lines are grammatical in the linguistic sense that they obey the word order and other constraints of English. Such nonsense poetry is amusing precisely because the sentences comply with syntactic rules and sound like good English. Ungrammatical strings of nonsense words are not entertaining: * ...
1 KEY ENGLISH GRAMMAR WORKSHEET # 7: WORD ORDER A
1 KEY ENGLISH GRAMMAR WORKSHEET # 7: WORD ORDER A

... Complex adverbials and the three short adverbs not, merely, only can never split the infinitive. 3. When I five years ago visited London, I didn’t realize how big it was. §§7.6.3; 12.2.1 → When I visited London five years ago Complex adverbials are never placed after personal pronouns when the prono ...
full text pdf
full text pdf

... suffix. Ferenc Kiefer has tried to determine the exact case system by formulating different conditions, which are: 1) the case suffix is a noun suffix, which cannot be followed by other suffixes; 2) the case suffix is a suffix which could be associated independently to a pronoun, to a proper noun, t ...
Verbs have traditionally been defined as "action" words or "doing
Verbs have traditionally been defined as "action" words or "doing

... normally take plurals. However, they may do so, especially when number is being specifically referred to: there are three Davids in my class we met two Christmases ago ...
1998 - Henk van Riemsdijk
1998 - Henk van Riemsdijk

... specifiers, adjuncts or whatever other dependents there are in a phrase. The second was the concept of endocentricity, the idea that there is an intrinsic connection between the categorial status of a head and that of the phrasal node characterizing the phrase that it is the head of. The first of th ...
Fixing Missing Commas with Nonessential Elements
Fixing Missing Commas with Nonessential Elements

... E IV: Missing Commas with Nonessential Element_______________ Problem 1: Missing commas with nonessential participles, infinitives, and their phrases José being naturally optimistic was not troubled by the news. Thoroughly prepared Joseph stepped confidently up to the microphone. To be well informed ...
Appendix
Appendix

... Grammar: To keep the who or which from stealing the main verb, remove the who/which clause from the sentence and confirm that a complete thought (a sentence) remains. If not, the who or which may have stolen the main verb. Example: A bedraggled young woman stood at the door. ! A bedraggled young wom ...
2014 Grammar Rules Summary (GRS)
2014 Grammar Rules Summary (GRS)

... 5. A run-on sentence consists of two or more sentences (independent clauses) joined by no mark of punctuation or by a comma. Run-on sentences should not be used in formal writing. Two independent clauses must be separated into two sentences OR may be joined together with a semi-colon (if the two ind ...
X-BAR MOTIVATED
X-BAR MOTIVATED

... “If every language learner is equipped with this X’ Theory, then they will converge on more or less the same GL when presented with the information that being in the environment of speakers of L provides. If there are differences in the GLs that learners converge on, these will trace back to differe ...
Micro 7: Evaluate
Micro 7: Evaluate

... Please note: “Students may demonstrate a range of abilities within and across each ELP level; second language acquisition does not necessarily occur in a linear fashion within or across proficiency levels. Differences in abilities within ELP levels are based upon ELLs’ native language proficiency, t ...
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs

... case the class will depend upon other structural devices. (1999, Herndon) b. Derivational Paradigm –the most common adverb-marking suffix is the –ly added to adjectives (common + ly), (soft+ ly), (bare + ly). . There are other combinations. An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. An adv ...
A concise manual of grammar, usage and style
A concise manual of grammar, usage and style

... Doubled words and punctuation marks are almost always errors.--------------------------------------------------------------18 Double negatives are two negative words in the same thought. ----------------------------------------------------------------19 Writers, teachers, and critics once considered ...
Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers PPt I
Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers PPt I

... Dangling modifiers are often phrases already at the start of the sentence and followed by a comma. They should modify the subject of the sentence which follows the comma.  Dangling modifiers can be corrected by adding a word which the phrase can modify or by changing the phrase to a clause.” * ...
Adverbs
Adverbs

... Adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, ...
Document
Document

... of hibernation early, just before an earthquake. (3) At other times, frightened animals have warned of tornadoes and floods. (4) One woman told of her cat’s stopping a car accident. (5) The cat, Missey, usually didn’t mind riding in the car. (6) But one day, she refused to go. (7) Hiding under the c ...
The original LZ77 algorithm works as follows: • A phrase Tj starting
The original LZ77 algorithm works as follows: • A phrase Tj starting

... Later variants have improved the encoding of the phrases: • As with LZ78, having the extra symbol at the end of each phrase is wasteful, but there must still be a way to encode symbols that do not occur in the window. A common solution is to have two types of codes: hlength, distancei and hsymboli. ...
Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Relations in Natural Language Text
Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Relations in Natural Language Text

... In this case, the words (pollution and cars) connected by the cue pattern (from) are in a causal relation while in the following sentence the from pattern doesn’t evoke the same type of relation: “A man from Oxford with leprosy was cured by the water.” Although most of the existing approaches for d ...
indirect object
indirect object

... The dative case/indirect object is usually translated with the prepositions “to,” or “for.” The helpful nemonic device is “Always bring flowers to or for your date!” QuickTime™ and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
Formula Definition Explanation Example S, conj S sentence comma
Formula Definition Explanation Example S, conj S sentence comma

... he will have to repeat the course. ...
adverb and adverbial phrase
adverb and adverbial phrase

... o Consists of one or more words. The adverb is the head of the phrase and can appear alone or it can be modified by other words. Adverbs are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and adjectives o An adverbial phrase is a group of words that act together as an adverb, giving mor ...
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Preposition and postposition

Prepositions and postpositions, together called adpositions, are a class of words that express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, before) or marking various semantic roles (of, for).A preposition or postposition typically combines with a noun or pronoun, or more generally a noun phrase, this being called its complement, or sometimes object. A preposition comes before its complement; a postposition comes after its complement. English generally has prepositions rather than postpositions – words such as in, under and of precede their objects, as in in England, under the table, of Jane – although there are a small handful of exceptions including ""ago"" and ""notwithstanding"", as in ""three days ago"" and ""financial limitations notwithstanding"". Some languages, which use a different word order, have postpositions instead, or have both types. The phrase formed by a preposition or postposition together with its complement is called a prepositional phrase (or postpositional phrase, adpositional phrase, etc.) – such phrases usually play an adverbial role in a sentence. A less common type of adposition is the circumposition, which consists of two parts that appear on each side of the complement. Other terms sometimes used for particular types of adposition include ambiposition, inposition and interposition. Some linguists use the word preposition in place of adposition regardless of the applicable word order.
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