Viruses
... RNA as genetic material Either used directly as mRNA Or retroviruses deliver an enzyme called “Reverse Transcriptase” that converts RNA into DNA HIV ...
... RNA as genetic material Either used directly as mRNA Or retroviruses deliver an enzyme called “Reverse Transcriptase” that converts RNA into DNA HIV ...
3-respiratory viral infections 2015 updated2015-02
... Lab diagnosis: routine testing by Direct detection of Influenza A or B virus from sputum, nasopharyngeal swab, aspirate (NPA) or respiratory secretion by direct immunoflourecent assay (IFA). Other detection methods: tissue culture, PCR. Treatment: 1: Amantadine is effective against influenza A ...
... Lab diagnosis: routine testing by Direct detection of Influenza A or B virus from sputum, nasopharyngeal swab, aspirate (NPA) or respiratory secretion by direct immunoflourecent assay (IFA). Other detection methods: tissue culture, PCR. Treatment: 1: Amantadine is effective against influenza A ...
Viruses
... plasma membrane and releasing capsid proteins and RNA into the host cell ___________________ synthesizes DNA from viral RNA then subsequent DNA strands complementary to the first Double stranded viral DNA incorporated into host cells DNA (_______) Proviral genes transcribed to make RNA genome for pr ...
... plasma membrane and releasing capsid proteins and RNA into the host cell ___________________ synthesizes DNA from viral RNA then subsequent DNA strands complementary to the first Double stranded viral DNA incorporated into host cells DNA (_______) Proviral genes transcribed to make RNA genome for pr ...
Viruses - Fillingham
... Viruses have the ability to introduce genetic change into organism as well as to undergo rapid genetic change themselves. Moving from one host to another, viruses pick up pieces of the first host’s DNA and carry it to the next cell to be infected. This is very common in bacteria infected by viruses, ...
... Viruses have the ability to introduce genetic change into organism as well as to undergo rapid genetic change themselves. Moving from one host to another, viruses pick up pieces of the first host’s DNA and carry it to the next cell to be infected. This is very common in bacteria infected by viruses, ...
virus reproduced
... later, nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus. Which of the following best describes how the virus reproduced? A. The virus made its own spores. B. The virus produced seeds in the tomatoes. C. The virus used the host plant’s resources and machinery to reproduce. D. The virus imm ...
... later, nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus. Which of the following best describes how the virus reproduced? A. The virus made its own spores. B. The virus produced seeds in the tomatoes. C. The virus used the host plant’s resources and machinery to reproduce. D. The virus imm ...
3 - Hershey-Chase
... Background Viruses are composed of ________ (or _________) inside a protein coat/shell called a ______________ It was also known that viruses replicate by taking over the host cell’s ____________________________ to make more virus Used a virus which infects a bacterium is called a ________________ b ...
... Background Viruses are composed of ________ (or _________) inside a protein coat/shell called a ______________ It was also known that viruses replicate by taking over the host cell’s ____________________________ to make more virus Used a virus which infects a bacterium is called a ________________ b ...
document
... 1. Influenza virus binds to sialic acid residues on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. 2. The virus enters the cell through receptor mediated endocytosis. 3. The mechanism of viral uncoating is well worked out for influenza virus. 4. Pandemic influenza arises from a single point mutation i ...
... 1. Influenza virus binds to sialic acid residues on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. 2. The virus enters the cell through receptor mediated endocytosis. 3. The mechanism of viral uncoating is well worked out for influenza virus. 4. Pandemic influenza arises from a single point mutation i ...
Review Session #2 2004
... 1. Influenza virus binds to sialic acid residues on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. 2. The virus enters the cell through receptor mediated endocytosis. 3. The mechanism of viral uncoating is well worked out for influenza virus. 4. Pandemic influenza arises from a single point mutation i ...
... 1. Influenza virus binds to sialic acid residues on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. 2. The virus enters the cell through receptor mediated endocytosis. 3. The mechanism of viral uncoating is well worked out for influenza virus. 4. Pandemic influenza arises from a single point mutation i ...
avian_influenza_4_diagnosis
... sac of nine to eleven-day-old embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs, or specific antibodynegative (SAN) eggs. At least five eggs are inoculated per sample, and incubated for four to seven days at 35-37ºC. Allantoic fluid is harvested from eggs containing dead or dying embryos, and then teste ...
... sac of nine to eleven-day-old embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs, or specific antibodynegative (SAN) eggs. At least five eggs are inoculated per sample, and incubated for four to seven days at 35-37ºC. Allantoic fluid is harvested from eggs containing dead or dying embryos, and then teste ...
Viral Shapes - Kenston Local Schools
... diarrhea, especially in children. The term "rota", meaning wheel ...
... diarrhea, especially in children. The term "rota", meaning wheel ...
Outbreak! Viruses in Our Water Assessment
... C. The UV light does not completely destroy viruses. D. The UV light destroys the genetic material so replication cannot happen. ______ 8. How do most viruses get into water supplies? A. Diarrhea and vomit are flushed down the toilet into water supplies. B. Hospitals flush waste down sinks and basin ...
... C. The UV light does not completely destroy viruses. D. The UV light destroys the genetic material so replication cannot happen. ______ 8. How do most viruses get into water supplies? A. Diarrhea and vomit are flushed down the toilet into water supplies. B. Hospitals flush waste down sinks and basin ...
AIDS and the S-I
... as to how the AIDS epidemic will spread in the coming years because of the uncertainties in information, such as population sizes, those not taken into account for, those belonging to more than one susceptible population, etc. ...
... as to how the AIDS epidemic will spread in the coming years because of the uncertainties in information, such as population sizes, those not taken into account for, those belonging to more than one susceptible population, etc. ...
Lecture 1 - UCSD Department of Physics
... There will be a final presentaQon as exam Grade will be a combinaQon of homework, final project/exam and parQcipaQon ...
... There will be a final presentaQon as exam Grade will be a combinaQon of homework, final project/exam and parQcipaQon ...
Viruses: Bacterial and Animal
... • dsDNA viruses are most common to cause viral-induced tumors • Cancer is result of integration of viral genes into the host chromosome • Transforming genes are called oncogenes • Examples: papillomavirus, herpesvirus ...
... • dsDNA viruses are most common to cause viral-induced tumors • Cancer is result of integration of viral genes into the host chromosome • Transforming genes are called oncogenes • Examples: papillomavirus, herpesvirus ...
Viral Genetics
... However, wild type RNA viruses replicate more rapidly than mutants dominating population, but other factors operate to favor the accumulation of mutants in a virus population (difficulty in production of genetically homogenous hightiter virus stocks). ...
... However, wild type RNA viruses replicate more rapidly than mutants dominating population, but other factors operate to favor the accumulation of mutants in a virus population (difficulty in production of genetically homogenous hightiter virus stocks). ...
Chapter 13 The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes
... lytic infections of plasma cells by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occur in mononucleosis latent infections of B cells by EBV predispose the person to lymphoma lytic infections by human papilloma virus (HPV) cause ...
... lytic infections of plasma cells by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occur in mononucleosis latent infections of B cells by EBV predispose the person to lymphoma lytic infections by human papilloma virus (HPV) cause ...
10.5mb ppt
... Pathogenic consequences of most viral infections are due to the particular ways viruses have evolved to solve three major problems: Reproduction: RNA vs DNA viruses Spread: Limits of pathogenicity Evasion: viral-host co-evolution Pathology can be caused by host’s response to the viral infectio ...
... Pathogenic consequences of most viral infections are due to the particular ways viruses have evolved to solve three major problems: Reproduction: RNA vs DNA viruses Spread: Limits of pathogenicity Evasion: viral-host co-evolution Pathology can be caused by host’s response to the viral infectio ...
Evolutionary analysis of the dynamics of viral infectious disease
... circle). If the sequences of interest undergo recombination, then a single phylogenetic tree may not adequately describe evolutionary history and alternative methods can be applied (for example, REF. 104). The same phylogeny can also be reconstructed using a molecular clock model (see the figure, pa ...
... circle). If the sequences of interest undergo recombination, then a single phylogenetic tree may not adequately describe evolutionary history and alternative methods can be applied (for example, REF. 104). The same phylogeny can also be reconstructed using a molecular clock model (see the figure, pa ...
practice test
... Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.[1 mark each] 1. Which statement does not reflect Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? a. Excess numbers of individuals are produced in each generation. b. All members of a popul ...
... Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.[1 mark each] 1. Which statement does not reflect Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? a. Excess numbers of individuals are produced in each generation. b. All members of a popul ...
Canine Influenza
... is similar to “kennel cough”and easily spreads from one dog to another via air and/or contact with infected objects. Because this is such a new infectious agent, most dogs have no natural immunity against this virus, so the majority of dogs exposed will become infected and 8-10% will die from the in ...
... is similar to “kennel cough”and easily spreads from one dog to another via air and/or contact with infected objects. Because this is such a new infectious agent, most dogs have no natural immunity against this virus, so the majority of dogs exposed will become infected and 8-10% will die from the in ...
Hepatitis - Arkansas State University
... • Often mild with few symptoms until damage • Long period between infection and damage • Long term infections increase risk of cancer. – Transmission like Hep B: blood, sex, transplants ...
... • Often mild with few symptoms until damage • Long period between infection and damage • Long term infections increase risk of cancer. – Transmission like Hep B: blood, sex, transplants ...
Viruses
... 2. Viruses require a host organism, or living cell, to reproduce. 3. Viruses are parasites because they harm living cells. A virus has two basic parts: 1. a core of hereditary material 2. an outer coat of protein Viral Host Cell Infection 1. After a cell attaches to its host cell, it injects its her ...
... 2. Viruses require a host organism, or living cell, to reproduce. 3. Viruses are parasites because they harm living cells. A virus has two basic parts: 1. a core of hereditary material 2. an outer coat of protein Viral Host Cell Infection 1. After a cell attaches to its host cell, it injects its her ...
Lecture #21 - Faculty Web Sites at the University of Virginia
... Extremely error-prone No proofreading capacity therefore vast majority of Proviral DNAs are nonfunctional owing to mutations But this also explains how drug-resistant HIV strains emerge rapidly Therefore, virus production requires a given cell to be simultaneously infected by numerous viruses so mut ...
... Extremely error-prone No proofreading capacity therefore vast majority of Proviral DNAs are nonfunctional owing to mutations But this also explains how drug-resistant HIV strains emerge rapidly Therefore, virus production requires a given cell to be simultaneously infected by numerous viruses so mut ...
Virus/Bacterial Worksheet
... Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two topics. Put at least 2 things in each section of the diagram. Note: Put things that both a virus and a cell have in the Both section. ...
... Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two topics. Put at least 2 things in each section of the diagram. Note: Put things that both a virus and a cell have in the Both section. ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.