Biosafety - The University of Iowa
... These deletions render the vector replication deficient. In addition, vectors may have a partial or complete E3 deletion. Helper-dependent adenoviral vector (hdAd5) HdAd5 or "gutless" vectors are devoid of all viral coding sequences, except for the cis-acting sequences required for vector propagatio ...
... These deletions render the vector replication deficient. In addition, vectors may have a partial or complete E3 deletion. Helper-dependent adenoviral vector (hdAd5) HdAd5 or "gutless" vectors are devoid of all viral coding sequences, except for the cis-acting sequences required for vector propagatio ...
Appendix G
... does not recognize differences between acuity levels or units within a LTCF. Each year outbreaks of respiratory illness including pneumonia occur in LTCFs such as nursing homes. Because of their underlying health status, residents in LTCFs are at high risk for developing serious complications or dyi ...
... does not recognize differences between acuity levels or units within a LTCF. Each year outbreaks of respiratory illness including pneumonia occur in LTCFs such as nursing homes. Because of their underlying health status, residents in LTCFs are at high risk for developing serious complications or dyi ...
Emerging and re-Emerging Infectious Diseases
... any time of the year. Activity may occur year-round in the tropics. Travellers, like local residents, are at risk in any country during the influenza season. In addition, groups of travellers that include persons from areas affected by seasonal influenza (e.g. cruise ships) may experience out-offsea ...
... any time of the year. Activity may occur year-round in the tropics. Travellers, like local residents, are at risk in any country during the influenza season. In addition, groups of travellers that include persons from areas affected by seasonal influenza (e.g. cruise ships) may experience out-offsea ...
Recommended guidelines for the management of pandemic
... droplet infection. Infection can also occur through direct contact. A small infectious dose is enough to cause illness. The incubation period from infection to the onset of symptoms is usually two days but varies from between one and three days. A person is contagious from the day on which the sympt ...
... droplet infection. Infection can also occur through direct contact. A small infectious dose is enough to cause illness. The incubation period from infection to the onset of symptoms is usually two days but varies from between one and three days. A person is contagious from the day on which the sympt ...
Introduction to Coalescent Theory
... There are k(k-1)/2 distinct pairs of genes that could coalesce The probability that one of these coalesces in the previous generation is given by ...
... There are k(k-1)/2 distinct pairs of genes that could coalesce The probability that one of these coalesces in the previous generation is given by ...
Deserves a Shot at Fighting Flu Immunization Programs
... absenteeism, and influenza-related morbidity and mortality among persons at increased risk for severe influenza illness. Influenza and influenza related complications kill more people than all other vaccine-preventable illnesses combined. Facilities that employ HCP are strongly encouraged by the CDC ...
... absenteeism, and influenza-related morbidity and mortality among persons at increased risk for severe influenza illness. Influenza and influenza related complications kill more people than all other vaccine-preventable illnesses combined. Facilities that employ HCP are strongly encouraged by the CDC ...
ppt
... graft onto it a random genetic drift. Just imagine that each individual harbours two alleles without consequential phenotypic effect, which in the reproductive process are reassorted according to Mendel’s laws. ...
... graft onto it a random genetic drift. Just imagine that each individual harbours two alleles without consequential phenotypic effect, which in the reproductive process are reassorted according to Mendel’s laws. ...
Biol 1406 notes Ch 19 8thed
... Some viruses, however, have genetic sequences that are similar to seemingly distantly related viruses. ○ For example, some animal and plant viruses share similar sequences. ○ This genetic similarity may reflect the persistence of groups of viral genes that were favored by natural selection early i ...
... Some viruses, however, have genetic sequences that are similar to seemingly distantly related viruses. ○ For example, some animal and plant viruses share similar sequences. ○ This genetic similarity may reflect the persistence of groups of viral genes that were favored by natural selection early i ...
Slide 1
... CE is defined as “Power” / Cost, where “Power” is estimated by the probability that a functional variant falls within the 95% credible set ...
... CE is defined as “Power” / Cost, where “Power” is estimated by the probability that a functional variant falls within the 95% credible set ...
slides - UBC Botany
... Debate: How much of evolution is neutral (i.e. via drift)? Resolution? The neutral theory proposes that the majority of mutations that are fixed are effectively neutral. Therefore, most genetic variation evolves via genetic drift (and at a relatively constant rate). HOWEVER, this does not propose th ...
... Debate: How much of evolution is neutral (i.e. via drift)? Resolution? The neutral theory proposes that the majority of mutations that are fixed are effectively neutral. Therefore, most genetic variation evolves via genetic drift (and at a relatively constant rate). HOWEVER, this does not propose th ...
H3N2 Canine Influenza RealPCR Test
... Influenza A virus is a single-stranded RNA virus in the Orthomyxoviridae family, which was first isolated in 1933,1 was retrospectively confirmed to be responsible for the 1918 human pandemic,2 and is suspected to be the cause of earlier outbreaks recorded through the centuries. There are many diffe ...
... Influenza A virus is a single-stranded RNA virus in the Orthomyxoviridae family, which was first isolated in 1933,1 was retrospectively confirmed to be responsible for the 1918 human pandemic,2 and is suspected to be the cause of earlier outbreaks recorded through the centuries. There are many diffe ...
My Friend Has the Flu… FAQ`s
... negative rate of 30 to 90%. This means that, in 100 patients who have the flu, the test will be wrong in 30 to 90 of those patients and read negative when the patient actually does have the flu. For these reasons, you may not be tested by your physician or clinic, especially if your symptoms are ...
... negative rate of 30 to 90%. This means that, in 100 patients who have the flu, the test will be wrong in 30 to 90 of those patients and read negative when the patient actually does have the flu. For these reasons, you may not be tested by your physician or clinic, especially if your symptoms are ...
Viral evolution and the emergence of SARS
... hints at higher mutation rates; Sanz et al. 1999). On average, RNA polymerases produce almost one error in each replication cycle (Drake et al. 1998; Malpica et al. 2002), thus when populations of RNA viruses are large, they will produce a myriad of potentially adaptively useful genetic variation. S ...
... hints at higher mutation rates; Sanz et al. 1999). On average, RNA polymerases produce almost one error in each replication cycle (Drake et al. 1998; Malpica et al. 2002), thus when populations of RNA viruses are large, they will produce a myriad of potentially adaptively useful genetic variation. S ...
building trees
... selection. This provides an alternative to dN/dS ratios to detect genes under positive selection. ...
... selection. This provides an alternative to dN/dS ratios to detect genes under positive selection. ...
Microorganisms
... and animal) by their organelles. Students may think there were no effective treatments for diseases because they were undiagnosed in the past – but anti-infective agents been used for thousands of years. The Chinese recognized that mouldy soybean curd was effective against skin infections. Scabies w ...
... and animal) by their organelles. Students may think there were no effective treatments for diseases because they were undiagnosed in the past – but anti-infective agents been used for thousands of years. The Chinese recognized that mouldy soybean curd was effective against skin infections. Scabies w ...
The plant of the day
... – Does NOT change allele frequencies – Does NOT degrade diversity – Causes a deficiency of heterozygotes compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (if all populations are pooled), like inbreeding. ...
... – Does NOT change allele frequencies – Does NOT degrade diversity – Causes a deficiency of heterozygotes compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (if all populations are pooled), like inbreeding. ...
pptx
... usually not all sites in a sequence are under selection all the time. PAML (and other programs) allow to either determine omega for each site over the whole tree, ...
... usually not all sites in a sequence are under selection all the time. PAML (and other programs) allow to either determine omega for each site over the whole tree, ...
25 Viruses
... enzyme then causes host cell lysis and death. HIV infects specific white blood cells and remains in them as proviruses. As the immune system begins to fail, opportunistic infections occur; this condition is called AIDS. In the lysogenic cycle, the nucleic acid of the virus becomes part of the ho ...
... enzyme then causes host cell lysis and death. HIV infects specific white blood cells and remains in them as proviruses. As the immune system begins to fail, opportunistic infections occur; this condition is called AIDS. In the lysogenic cycle, the nucleic acid of the virus becomes part of the ho ...
Apr7
... Furthermore, disagreements regarding the divergence times have also placed in question any uniformity in evolution rates that are promised by a “molecular clock.” See as one example the article on the time of divergence of the human and the chimp. One of the hypotheses there is that humans, because ...
... Furthermore, disagreements regarding the divergence times have also placed in question any uniformity in evolution rates that are promised by a “molecular clock.” See as one example the article on the time of divergence of the human and the chimp. One of the hypotheses there is that humans, because ...
Swine influenza
... others; the time spent in crowded settings should be as short as possible. (外出至人多處，應戴外科口罩) Respirators* should be considered for use by individuals for whom close contact with an infectious person is unavoidable. This can include selected individuals who must care for a sick person (e.g., family m ...
... others; the time spent in crowded settings should be as short as possible. (外出至人多處，應戴外科口罩) Respirators* should be considered for use by individuals for whom close contact with an infectious person is unavoidable. This can include selected individuals who must care for a sick person (e.g., family m ...
Ebola lol
... highest case-fatality rate of the ebolaviruses, up to 90% in some epidemics,. There have been more outbreaks of Zaire ebolavirus than of any other species. The U.S. team found how the Zaire variant of the Ebola virus prevents cells called dendric cells from making proteins responsible for signalling ...
... highest case-fatality rate of the ebolaviruses, up to 90% in some epidemics,. There have been more outbreaks of Zaire ebolavirus than of any other species. The U.S. team found how the Zaire variant of the Ebola virus prevents cells called dendric cells from making proteins responsible for signalling ...
immunology of infections. hiv
... promote CTL priming. • Because of the ability of HIV to undergo recombination, the use of attenuated HIV virus as vaccine has been abandoned for now. • One promising approach is DNA vaccination, in which expression plasmids that drive expression of HIV protein subunits are introduced into host cells ...
... promote CTL priming. • Because of the ability of HIV to undergo recombination, the use of attenuated HIV virus as vaccine has been abandoned for now. • One promising approach is DNA vaccination, in which expression plasmids that drive expression of HIV protein subunits are introduced into host cells ...
Exam1 - bu people
... 9. Briefly describe the Wright-Fisher model of random genetic drift. a) An classic experimental study using Drosophila randomly selected 8 males and 8 females to produce each successive generation, thus maintaining a constant population size of 2N = 32. We looked at the expected and observed results ...
... 9. Briefly describe the Wright-Fisher model of random genetic drift. a) An classic experimental study using Drosophila randomly selected 8 males and 8 females to produce each successive generation, thus maintaining a constant population size of 2N = 32. We looked at the expected and observed results ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.