Swine Flu Management - Hospital Kuala Lumpur
... novel influenza A / H1N1 virus The following patients will be admitted to the flu ward / cubicle of the hospital: All patients fulfilling criteria of ILI with any of the parameters listed in the clinical assessment tool for moderate to severe influenza (with or without comorbidities) Patients with ...
... novel influenza A / H1N1 virus The following patients will be admitted to the flu ward / cubicle of the hospital: All patients fulfilling criteria of ILI with any of the parameters listed in the clinical assessment tool for moderate to severe influenza (with or without comorbidities) Patients with ...
Introduction to molecular population genetics
... had been known since biochemists first began to characterize the large-scale structure of genomes in DNA-DNA hybridization studies. In the mid-late 1980s several investigators identified smaller repetitive units dispersed throughout many genomes. Microsatellites, which consist of short (2-6) nucleot ...
... had been known since biochemists first began to characterize the large-scale structure of genomes in DNA-DNA hybridization studies. In the mid-late 1980s several investigators identified smaller repetitive units dispersed throughout many genomes. Microsatellites, which consist of short (2-6) nucleot ...
Viruses and Virus Genetics
... for this hypothesis comes from the fact that any one virus shares more in common with its host than it does with other types of viruses. What all of these types of particles (viruses, plasmids, transposons) have in common is that they are mobile genetic elements. We have interest in viruses because ...
... for this hypothesis comes from the fact that any one virus shares more in common with its host than it does with other types of viruses. What all of these types of particles (viruses, plasmids, transposons) have in common is that they are mobile genetic elements. We have interest in viruses because ...
File
... Sexual reproduction creates chances to recombine alleles and thus increase variation in a population. ...
... Sexual reproduction creates chances to recombine alleles and thus increase variation in a population. ...
Use of Virus-Like-Particles in Biotechnology
... century was the golden age of virus discovery, and most of the recognized species of animal, plant and bacterial viruses were discovered during these years. • Today more than 3700 types are known. • The origin of virus is unknow and the theories about it are based in inferences since they do not fos ...
... century was the golden age of virus discovery, and most of the recognized species of animal, plant and bacterial viruses were discovered during these years. • Today more than 3700 types are known. • The origin of virus is unknow and the theories about it are based in inferences since they do not fos ...
Frequently Asked Questions: Viral Meningitis
... Can people with viral meningitis pass the illness to others? The way people get viral meningitis depends on the kind of virus causing the infection. Most cases of viral meningitis are spread by germs contained in the stool or, less often, in tiny drops of fluid from the throat of someone who is infe ...
... Can people with viral meningitis pass the illness to others? The way people get viral meningitis depends on the kind of virus causing the infection. Most cases of viral meningitis are spread by germs contained in the stool or, less often, in tiny drops of fluid from the throat of someone who is infe ...
Sequence Note vpu and env Sequence V ariability of HIV
... found in two cases (TZ016 and TZ017). Interestingly, the V3 variability of the HIV isolates described here was greater than previously reported for Tanzanian viruses, in which the GPGQ motif was thought to be a consensus sequence. 5 All except two isolates (TZO 16 and TZO 17) had an R instead of a S ...
... found in two cases (TZ016 and TZ017). Interestingly, the V3 variability of the HIV isolates described here was greater than previously reported for Tanzanian viruses, in which the GPGQ motif was thought to be a consensus sequence. 5 All except two isolates (TZO 16 and TZO 17) had an R instead of a S ...
File - viruses
... into DNA. This DNA is then transported to the cell's nucleus, where it is inserted into the human DNA by the HIV enzyme integrase. Once inserted, the HIV DNA is known as provirus. It is at this point that HIV affects the cell in a way that it begins to die and weakening the immune system. In additi ...
... into DNA. This DNA is then transported to the cell's nucleus, where it is inserted into the human DNA by the HIV enzyme integrase. Once inserted, the HIV DNA is known as provirus. It is at this point that HIV affects the cell in a way that it begins to die and weakening the immune system. In additi ...
document
... usually not all sites in a sequence are under selection all the time. PAML (and other programs) allow to either determine omega for each site over the whole tree, ...
... usually not all sites in a sequence are under selection all the time. PAML (and other programs) allow to either determine omega for each site over the whole tree, ...
Cannus stannous: A Study of Evolution by Means of Natural Selection
... mechanism, natural selection, for evolutionary change. Although natural selection is an extremely important biological concept, it is poorly understood by many people. Recently, there has been much lively debate among biologists about the relative importance of natural selection in comparison with o ...
... mechanism, natural selection, for evolutionary change. Although natural selection is an extremely important biological concept, it is poorly understood by many people. Recently, there has been much lively debate among biologists about the relative importance of natural selection in comparison with o ...
10. Interventions for Clients with HIVAIDS
... ► Workers can also be infected through exposure of nonintact skin and mucous membranes to blood and body fluids. ► The best prevention for health care providers is the consistent use of standard precautions for all clients as recommended by the CDC. ...
... ► Workers can also be infected through exposure of nonintact skin and mucous membranes to blood and body fluids. ► The best prevention for health care providers is the consistent use of standard precautions for all clients as recommended by the CDC. ...
Position Paper: Nagoya Protocol PDF 79KB
... AstraZeneca continues to work with international influenza vaccine associates to ensure that when manufacturers receive wild type influenza strains from the WHO they are entitled to use them on terms consistent with, but not delayed by, the principles of the Nagoya Protocol. AstraZeneca also support ...
... AstraZeneca continues to work with international influenza vaccine associates to ensure that when manufacturers receive wild type influenza strains from the WHO they are entitled to use them on terms consistent with, but not delayed by, the principles of the Nagoya Protocol. AstraZeneca also support ...
Chapter 6 An Introduction to Viruses
... • Some animal viruses enter the host cell and permanently alter its genetic material resulting in cancer – transformation of the cell • Transformed cells have an increased rate of growth, alterations in chromosomes, and the capacity to divide for indefinite time periods resulting in tumors • Mammali ...
... • Some animal viruses enter the host cell and permanently alter its genetic material resulting in cancer – transformation of the cell • Transformed cells have an increased rate of growth, alterations in chromosomes, and the capacity to divide for indefinite time periods resulting in tumors • Mammali ...
hantavirus
... Its highest rate in the study shows that nearly 60% of voles will be carrying the virus at a time. This is a heyday for Hantavirus and can occur when there are 140 or more voles per hectare, or about 57 voles per acre. The large, older male voles had the highest rates of Hantavirus. They also had th ...
... Its highest rate in the study shows that nearly 60% of voles will be carrying the virus at a time. This is a heyday for Hantavirus and can occur when there are 140 or more voles per hectare, or about 57 voles per acre. The large, older male voles had the highest rates of Hantavirus. They also had th ...
Viruses
... THE STAGES OF HIV INFECTION • Phase 1: Asymptomatic or chroniclymphadenopathy • Phase 2: Symptomatic; early indications of immune failure • Phase 3 is AIDS: Characterized by indicator conditions, such as: CMV, TB, Pneumocystis, toxoplasmosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma (see ...
... THE STAGES OF HIV INFECTION • Phase 1: Asymptomatic or chroniclymphadenopathy • Phase 2: Symptomatic; early indications of immune failure • Phase 3 is AIDS: Characterized by indicator conditions, such as: CMV, TB, Pneumocystis, toxoplasmosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma (see ...
Section 6
... retarded, but balancing selection accelerates fixation of low frequency alleles. Balancing selection can retard loss of genetic diversity, but it does not prevent it in small populations. The consequence of these effects is that genetic diversity in small populations is lower for both neutral allele ...
... retarded, but balancing selection accelerates fixation of low frequency alleles. Balancing selection can retard loss of genetic diversity, but it does not prevent it in small populations. The consequence of these effects is that genetic diversity in small populations is lower for both neutral allele ...
Review Viral and Cellular MicroRNAs as Determinants of Viral
... siRNAs, making it likely that they are also accessible to inhibition by miRNA-RISC ...
... siRNAs, making it likely that they are also accessible to inhibition by miRNA-RISC ...
محاضرة 8
... agents believed to consist of a single type of protein molecule with no nucleic acid component. Confusion arises from the fact that the prion protein & the gene which encodes it are also found in normal 'uninfected' cells. These agents are associated with diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease i ...
... agents believed to consist of a single type of protein molecule with no nucleic acid component. Confusion arises from the fact that the prion protein & the gene which encodes it are also found in normal 'uninfected' cells. These agents are associated with diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease i ...
013368718X_CH17_267
... changes in allele frequencies and changes in phenotype frequencies. For polygenic traits, populations often exhibit a range of phenotypes for a trait. When graphed, this range usually forms a bell curve, with fewer individuals exhibiting the extreme phenotypes than those with the average (in the cas ...
... changes in allele frequencies and changes in phenotype frequencies. For polygenic traits, populations often exhibit a range of phenotypes for a trait. When graphed, this range usually forms a bell curve, with fewer individuals exhibiting the extreme phenotypes than those with the average (in the cas ...
Population genetics (III)
... J.L. King & T.H. Jukes (1969) Non-Darwinian evolution. Science 164: 788 • Note that many genetic changes have no effect on organismic fitness – they are neutral • Natural selection can not alter changes that it can not perceive • Marshall biochemical evidence in support of these assertions e.g. syno ...
... J.L. King & T.H. Jukes (1969) Non-Darwinian evolution. Science 164: 788 • Note that many genetic changes have no effect on organismic fitness – they are neutral • Natural selection can not alter changes that it can not perceive • Marshall biochemical evidence in support of these assertions e.g. syno ...
How to approach and treat viral infections in ICU
... of therapy of viral infections is supportive care and antiviral therapy when available. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection has provided great potential for the discovery of new antiviral agents that target viral proteins or host proteins that regulate immunity and ...
... of therapy of viral infections is supportive care and antiviral therapy when available. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection has provided great potential for the discovery of new antiviral agents that target viral proteins or host proteins that regulate immunity and ...
Select Agents and Toxins List
... C = Cysteine residues are all present as disulfides, with the 1st and 3rd Cysteine, and the 2nd and 4th Cysteine forming specific disulfide bridges; The consensus sequence includes known toxins α-MI and α-GI (shown above) as well as α-GIA, Ac1.1a, α-CnIA, α-CnIB; X1 = any amino acid(s) or Des-X; X2 ...
... C = Cysteine residues are all present as disulfides, with the 1st and 3rd Cysteine, and the 2nd and 4th Cysteine forming specific disulfide bridges; The consensus sequence includes known toxins α-MI and α-GI (shown above) as well as α-GIA, Ac1.1a, α-CnIA, α-CnIB; X1 = any amino acid(s) or Des-X; X2 ...
Population Genetics using Trees
... the PCR revolution allows us to generate lots of data from many individuals and many loci We are still interested in questions like ...
... the PCR revolution allows us to generate lots of data from many individuals and many loci We are still interested in questions like ...
Avian Influenza Infections in Humans and Poultryof
... sequence of HA gene in most passaged viruses. The amino acid sequence of the neuraminidase gene showed an antigenic drift caused by a R46P point mutation that might explain the pathogenic adaptability of the third passage viruses in hamsters’ lungs [16]. The isolated R46P H9N2 virus showed resistanc ...
... sequence of HA gene in most passaged viruses. The amino acid sequence of the neuraminidase gene showed an antigenic drift caused by a R46P point mutation that might explain the pathogenic adaptability of the third passage viruses in hamsters’ lungs [16]. The isolated R46P H9N2 virus showed resistanc ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.